Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism in Liver Failure

by International Symposium on Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism (11th : 2002 : Netherlands); Meijer, Alfred J.

• ISBN13: 9781402011573
• ISBN10: 1402011571
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-08-01
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism in Liver Failure contains research reports and state-of-the-art reviews that were presented at the 11th International Symposium on Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism in relation to liver disease, that was held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands from 30 May to 1 June, 2002. Themes covered include the metabolism of ammonia and amino acids in relation to liver disease, the assessment of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), minimal HE, animal models of HE, neuropsychiatric dysfunction in patients with chronic liver disease, the pathogenesis of HE, the astrocyte in liver disease, acute liver failure and cerebral edema, treatment of HE and artificial liver support systems. This volume provides an indispensable source of important new research findings and ideas for clinicians and biomedical scientists working in the field of HE and nitrogen metabolism in relation to liver disease.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
E.A. Jones, A.J. Meijer and R.A.F.M. Chamuleau
Acknowledgements	xi
Part 1. Nitrogen metabolism in relation to liver disease
1. Novel aspects of nitrogen metabolism in liver disease	3	(6)
D. Häussinger, B. Görg, J.G. Bode, N. Saha, M. Wettstein, R. Reinehr, U. Warskulat, S. vom Dahl and F. Schliess
2. The interorgan exchange of amino acids and ammonia and the effect of plasmapheresis in acute liver failure	9	(12)
J.O. Clemmesen, J. Kondrup, F.S. Larsen and P. Ott
3. Metabolic consequences of an upper gastro-intestinal bleed in patients with cirrhosis	21	(10)
S.W.M. Olde Damirsk, R. Jalan, C.H.C. Dejong, D.N. Redhead, P.C. Hayes, N.E.P. Deutz and P.B. Sneters
4. Citrin deficiency	31	(12)
T. Saheki, K. Kobayashi, M. Iijima, M.A. Jalil, L. Begum, M.X. Li, I. Niski, T. Yasuda, N. Yamaguchi, H.Z. Gao, Y.B. Lu and M. Horiuchi
Part 2. Assessment of overt and minimal hepatic encephalopathy
5. Assessment of hepatic encephalopathy	43	(12)
K. Weissenborn
6. Evaluation of mental state in a clinical trial of MARS for patients with acute hepatic encephalopathy: comparison of two scales	55	(16)
J. Vaquero, D. Oliver, T. Hassanein, J. Stange and A.T. Blei
7. Relationship between minimal hepatic encephalopathy and extrapyramidal signs in cirrhotic patients	71	(10)
R. Jover, L. Company, A. Gutiérrez, P. Zapater, J. Pérez-Sena, E. Girona, J.R. Aparicio and M. Pérez-Mateo
8. Evaluation of visual focus in cirrhotic patients	81	(6)
S. Schiff, P. Amodio, D. Mapelli, F. Del Piccolo, C. Musco, A. Gatta and C. Umiltà
9. Detection of minimal hepatic encephalopathy: EEG spectral analysis vs. cognitive evoked potentials	87	(6)
P. Valenti, F. Del Piccolo, A. Pellegrini, S. Montagnese, S. Schiff, D. Mapelli, A. Gatta and P. Amodio
10. Analysis of critical flicker frequency threshold in hepatic encephalopathy: dynamics and cortical activations	93	(12)
G. Kircheis, 0. Zafiris, H-A. Rood, F. Boers, K. Zilles and D. Häussinger
11. Cortical origin of mini-asterixis in hepatic encephalopathy	105	(8)
L. Timmermann, J. Gross, G. Kircheis, M. Butz, D. Häussinger and A. Schnitzler
12. Imaging studies in hepatic encephalopathy	113	(12)
B. Ahi, M. Bokemeyer, K. Giewekemeyer, G. Schomerus, D. Fischer-Waseis, J.C. Ennen, W. Burchert, J van den Hoff, G. Berding and K. Weissenborn
13. Subclinical and overt hepatic encephalopathy - detection and treatment control by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS)	125	(12)
H. G. Hass, F. Hösel, I. Mader, U. Seeger, M. Gregor, T. Naegele and S. Kaiser
Part 3. Animal models of acute liver failure
14. Long-term observations on rats with thioacetamide-induced hepatic failure	137	(8)
W. Hilgier, H.D. Borkowska, S.S Oja, P. Saransaari, M. Walski, M. Frontczak-Baniewicz and J. Albrecht
15. Reversal of Fischer's ratio in an anesthetised porcine model of acute liver failure	145	(8)
K.J. Dabos, P.N. Newsome, J.N. Plevris and P.C. Hayes
Part 4. Neuropsychiatric dysfunction in chronic liver disease
16. Experience with neuropsychiatric complications of interferon-based therapy for chronic viral hepatitis	153	(6)
K.D. Mullen
17. Cognitive effects of long-term interferon treatment for chronic viral hepatitis	159	(6)
E. De Toni, G. Pen ni, L. Chemello, D. Mapelli, E. Bemardinello, F. Del Piccolo, L. Cavalletto, C. Bergamelli, R. Costanzo, F. Bergamaschi, R. De Toni, A. Gatta, C. Umiltà, A. Alberti and P. Amodio
18. Is fatigue of cholestasis mediated by altered central serotoninergic neurotransmission?	165	(8)
T. Çelik, M.Z. Gören, H. Gürdal, K. Çinar, M. Toruner, T. Degiro, I.T. Uzbay, H. Bozkaya and C. Yurdaydin
19. Reduced pallidal magnetisation transfer ratios are associated with fatigue in pre-cirrhotic patients with primary biliary cirrhosis	173	(4)
D.M. Forton, M. Prince, J. Allsop, N. Patel, J. Goldblatt, H.C. Thomas, M. Bassendine, D.E.J. Jones and S.D. Taylor-Robinson
Part 5. Pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy
20. Pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy	177	(8)
K.D. Mullen
21. Effect of blood plasma components from patients with hepatic encephalopathy on electrophysiological activity of primary frontal cortex networks in vitro	185	(8)
J. Loock, A. Gramowski, L. Mehnert, D.G. Weiss, G.W. Gross, R. Schmidt, J. Stange and S.R. Mitzner
22. Hyperammonemia and liver failure alter signal transduction associated with glutamate receptors and modulation of guanylate cyclase by nitric oxide	193	(16)
R. Corbalán, M. Llansola, P. Monfort, C. Montoliu, M.D. Muñoz, M.L. Hernández-Viadel, S. Erceg, A. M. Sánchez-Pérez and V. Felipo
23. Increased cerebral and peripheral vasodilation, and whole body nitric oxide production after insertion of a transjugular intrahepatic portal-systemic stent in patients with cirrhosis	209	(8)
R. Jalan, S.W.M. Olde Dammink, D.N. Redhead, A. Lee, P.C. Hayes and N.E.P. Deutz
24. Concomitant changes in melatonin metabolism and in hypothalamic histamine in rats with a portacaval anastomosis	217	(8)
V. Lozeva-Thomas, R. Juvonen, L. Tuomisto, P. Kaipainen, A. Lecklin, J. Tarhanen, M. Valtonen, M. Hippelainen and R.F. Butterworth
25. Brain energy metabolism in acute liver failure: studies using NMR spectroscopy	225	(12)
C. Zwingmann, N. Chatauret, D. Leibfritz and R.F. Butterworth
26. Brain diffusion weighted MRI in cirrhosis	237	(14)
R. Lodi, A. Stracciari, C. Tonon, M. Weiger, S. lotti, G. Donati, M. Guarino, L. Bolondi and B. Barbiroli
27. Role of manganese in hepatic encephalopathy	251	(16)
C. Zwingmann, D. Leibfritz and A.S. Hazell
Part 6. Astrocytes and hepatic encephalopathy
28. The mitochondrial permeability transition in ammonia neurotoxicity	267	(20)
M.D. Norenberg, K.V. Rama Rao and A.R. Jayakumar
29. Astroglial protein tyrosine nitration by ammonia	287	(12)
F. Schliess, B. Görg, N. Foster, H.J. Bidmon, R. Reinehr, R. Fischer, P. Desjardins, U. Warskulat, R.F. Butterworth, K. Zilles and D. Häussinger
30. Use of NMR spectroscopy for the study of ammonia metabolism in astrocytes and neurons: role of glutamine synthesis in astrocytes	299	(16)
C. Zwingmann, T. Shokati, R.F. Butterworth and D. Leibfritz
Part 7. Acute liver failure
31. Brain uptake of ammonia in fulminant hepatic failure: the role of cerebral blood flow	315	(18)
C. Chung and AT. Blei
32. Effect of erythropoietin on intracranial pressure and brain water in rats with hyperammonemia
M.H. Larsen, M. Poulsen, B.A. Hansen and F.S. Larsen
33. Prevention of brain edema in acute liver failure by hypothermia: recent advances	333	(10)
N. Chatauret, C. Rose and R.F. Butterworth
Part 8. Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy
34. Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy	343	(18)
P. Ferenci
35. Rifaximin reduces EEG relative beta power in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy: preliminary findings	361	(8)
F. Del Piccolo, P. Amodio, D. Mapelli, S. Montagnese, A. Pellegrini, P. Valenti, A. Fernen and A. Gatta
36. Naloxone treatment of human hepatic encephalopathy	369	(8)
S. Göktürk, G. Della, H. Bozkaya and C. Yurdaydin
Part 9. Artificial liver support and hypothermia in liver failure
37. Liver support systems: issues and challenges	377	(12)
A. A. Demetriou and J. Rozga
38. Clinical application of bioartificial liver support systems	389	(18)
M-P van de Kerkhove, R.A.F.M. Chamuleau and T.M. van Gulik
39. Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System (MARS) for acute decompensation of chronic liver disease: an early clinical experience	407	(8)
S. Sen, C. Steiner, A. Alisa, D. Kapoor, R. Williams and R. Jalan
40. Hypothermia for the management of intracranial hypertension in acute liver failure	415	(10)
R. Jalan, S.W.M. Olde Damínk and N.E.P. Deutz
Part 10. The future
41. The potential of molecular biological techniques in research on hepatic encephalopathy	425	(10)
R.F. Butterworth
Index	435