Encyclopedia of Archaelogy

by Murray, Tim

• ISBN13: 9781576071984
• ISBN10: 1576071987
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-06-01
• Publisher: Abc-Clio Inc

Summary

Written by the most authoritative scholars from around the world, a massive treasurehouse of information on all aspects of archaeology, from prehistory to the present day.

Table of Contents

Preface and Acknowledgments	xvii
Introduction	xix
History and Discoveries
Abercromby, Lord John (1841-1924)	1	(1)
Abu Simbel	1	(1)
Abydos	2	(1)
Acosta, Jorge R. (1904?-1975)	2	(1)
Adams, Robert McCormick (1926-)	3	(2)
Africa, East, Later	5	(11)
Africa, East, Prehistory	16	(5)
Africa, Francophone	21	(14)
Africa, Horn of	35	(8)
Africa, Sahara	43	(7)
Africa, South, Historical	50	(8)
Africa, South, Prehistory	58	(13)
Africa, Sudanic Kingdoms	71	(7)
Akrotiri-Aetokremnos	78	(1)
Albright, William Foxwell (1891-1971)	78	(1)
Aldrovandi, Ulisse (1522-1605)	79	(1)
Alesia	79	(1)
Altamira	80	(1)
American Academy in Rome	81	(1)
American Antiquity	82	(1)
American Journal of Archaeology	83	(1)
American School of Classical Studies at Athens	84	(1)
American Schools of Oriental Research	85	(1)
Andersson, Johan Gunnar (1874-1960)	86	(1)
Antiquity	87	(1)
Anyang	88	(1)
Arabian Peninsula	88	(5)
Arambourg, Camille (1888-1969)	93	(1)
Archaeological Heritage Management	94	(5)
Archaeological Institute of America	99	(1)
Archaeometry	100	(6)
Argentina	106	(4)
Ashmolean Museum	110	(1)
Atwater, Caleb (1778-1867)	111	(1)
Aubrey, John (1626-1697)	112	(2)
Australia, Historical	114	(7)
Australia, Prehistoric	121	(6)
Austria	127	(8)
Avebury	135	(1)
Avebury, Lord (Sir John Lubbock, 1834-1913)	136	(1)
Aztecs	137	(2)
Babylonian Civilization	139	(1)
Ban Chiang	140	(1)
Banerji, Rakal Das (1885-1930)	140	(1)
Banpo	141	(1)
Bay Springs Mill, Mississippi	141	(1)
Beazley, Sir John Davidson (1885-1970)	141	(1)
Beidha	142	(1)
Belgium	142	(6)
Belize	148	(6)
Bell, Gertrude Margaret Lowthian (1868-1926)	154	(1)
Belzoni, Giovanni Battista (1778-1823)	155	(2)
Bernal Garcia, Ignacio (1910-1992)	157	(1)
Bersu, Gerhard (1889-1964)	157	(1)
Beyer, Henry Otley (1883-1966)	157	(2)
Bibracte	159	(1)
Binford, Lewis R. (1929-)	160	(1)
Bird, Junius Bouton (1907-1982)	161	(1)
Biskupin	162	(1)
Blegen, Carl William (1887-1971)	163	(1)
Bogazkoy	164	(1)
Bolivia	164	(10)
Bonampak'	174	(1)
Bordes, Francois (1919-1981)	175	(1)
Botta, Paul Emile (1802-1870)	176	(1)
Boucher de Perthes, Jacques (1788-1868)	176	(1)
Boule, Marcellin (1861-1942)	177	(1)
Boxgrove	178	(1)
Braidwood, Robert John (1907-)	179	(1)
Brazil	180	(13)
Breuil, Abbe Henri (1877-1961)	193	(1)
Britain, Classical Archaeology	193	(6)
Britain, Prehistoric Archaeology	199	(18)
Britain, Roman	217	(6)
British Museum	223	(1)
Brixham Cave	223	(1)
Brodar, Srecko (1893-1987)	223	(1)
Brzesc Kujawski	224	(1)
Buckland, William (1784-1856)	225	(1)
Bulgaria	225	(11)
von Bunsen, Christian Karl Josias (1791-1860)	236	(1)
Bure, Johan (1568-1652)	236	(3)
Cambodia	239	(9)
Camden, William (1551-1623)	248	(1)
Canada	249	(11)
Caribbean	260	(18)
Cartailhac, Emile (Edouard Phillipe) (1845-1921)	278	(1)
Carter, Howard (1874-1939)	279	(1)
Casa Grande	280	(1)
Catherwood, Frederick (1799-1854)	281	(2)
Caton-Thompson, Gertrude (1888-1985)	283	(1)
Caylus, Comte de (1692-1765)	284	(1)
Celeia	284	(1)
Celts	285	(10)
Cesnola, Luigi Palma di (1832-1904)	295	(1)
Chaco Canyon	295	(2)
Champollion, Jean-Francois (1790-1832)	297	(1)
Chan Chan	297	(1)
Chang, Kwang-chi (1931-2001)	298	(1)
Chavin	299	(1)
Chichen Itza	299	(1)
Childe, Vere Gordon (1892-1957)	300	(1)
Chile	301	(14)
China	315	(18)
Christy, Henry (1810-1865)	333	(1)
Clark, Sir Grahame (1907-1995)	333	(1)
Clark, J. Desmond (1916-)	334	(2)
Clarke, David Leonard (1936-1976)	336	(1)
Classification	336	(17)
Claustra Alpium Iuliarum	353	(1)
Colombia	354	(15)
Colt Hoare, Sir Richard (1758-1838)	369	(1)
Computer Applications in Archaeology	369	(4)
Costa Rica and Nicaragua	373	(10)
Cotter, John L. (1911-1999)	383	(1)
Crawford, O. G. S. (1886-1957)	384	(2)
Cunningham, Alexander (1814-1893)	386	(1)
Cunnington, William (1754-1810)	387	(1)
Curtius, Ernst (1814-1896)	387	(1)
Cushing, Frank Hamilton (1857-1900)	388	(1)
Cyprus	388	(6)
Cyriac of Ancona (1391-1454)	394	(1)
Czech Republic	394	(11)
Daniel, Glyn (1914-1986)	405	(1)
Dart, Raymond Arthur (1893-1988)	406	(2)
Dasgupta, Paresh Chandra (1923-1982)	408	(1)
Dating	408	(2)
Davis, Edwin Hamilton (1811-1888)	410	(1)
Dawkins, Sir William Boyd (1837-1929)	410	(1)
Dead Sea Scrolls	411	(1)
Dechelette, Joseph (1862-1914)	411	(1)
Deetz, James J. F. (1930-2001)	412	(2)
Denmark	414	(9)
Desor, Edouard (1811-1882)	423	(1)
Deutsches Archaologisches Institut (DAI)	424	(1)
Dezman, Dragotin (1821-1889)	425	(1)
Dikaios, Porphyrios (1904-1971)	425	(1)
Dolni Vestonice	426	(1)
Domestication of Plants and Animals	426	(3)
Dorpfeld, Wilhelm (1853-1940)	429	(1)
Douglass, Andrew Ellicot (1867-1962)	429	(1)
Dubois, Eugene (1858-1940)	430	(1)
Duff, Roger Shepherd (1912-1978)	431	(1)
Dugdale, Sir William (1605--1686)	431	(2)
Easter Island	433	(1)
Ecuador	433	(7)
Egypt: Dynastic	440	(15)
Egypt: Predynastic	455	(4)
Egypt Exploration Society	459	(2)
El Amarna	461	(1)
El Salvador	461	(6)
Elgin, Lord (1766-1841)	467	(1)
Emery, Walter Bryan (1903-1971)	468	(1)
Emona	468	(1)
Enkomi-Ayios Iakovos	469	(1)
Ephesus	470	(1)
Etruscan Archaeology	471	(7)
European Mesolithic	478	(13)
Evans, Sir Arthur (1851-1941)	491	(2)
Evans, Sir John (1823-1908)	493	(2)
Falconer, Hugh (1808-1865)	495	(1)
Finland	495	(5)
Fleure, Herbert J. (1877-1969)	500	(1)
Florida and the Caribbean Basin, Historical Archaeology in	500	(20)
Flowerdew Hundred Plantation, Virginia	520	(1)
Fontana, Bernard L. (1931-)	520	(1)
Foote, Robert Bruce (1834-1912)	521	(1)
Ford, James Alfred (1911-1968)	521	(1)
France	522	(12)
Frankfort, Henri (1897-1954)	534	(1)
French Archaeology in the Americas	535	(9)
French Archaeology in the Classical World	544	(5)
French Archaeology in Egypt and the Middle East	549	(4)
Frere, John (1740-1807)	553	(2)
Gabrovec, Stane (1920-)	555	(1)
Gallatin, Albert (1761-1849)	556	(1)
Gamio, Manuel (1883-1960)	556	(2)
Garbology: The Archaeology of Fresh Garbage	558	(9)
Garrod, Dorothy (1892-1968)	567	(2)
Garstang, John (1876-1956)	569	(1)
Geoffrey of Monmouth (ca. 1100-1154)	569	(1)
Geographic Information Systems	570	(3)
German Classical Archaeology	573	(3)
German Prehistoric Archaeology	576	(9)
Getty Museum	585	(2)
Ghosh, Amalananda (1910-)	587	(1)
Gjerstad, Einar (1897-1979), and the Swedish Cyprus Expedition	587	(1)
Gladwin, Harold Sterling (1883-1983)	588	(1)
Godwin, Sir Harry (A. J. H.) (1901-1985)	588	(1)
Golson, Jack (1926-)	589	(1)
Gorodcov, Vasiliy Alekeyevich (1860-1945)	589	(1)
Graebner, Fritz (1877-1934)	590	(1)
Great Zimbabwe	591	(2)
Greece	593	(9)
Green, Roger Curtis (1932-)	602	(1)
Griffin, James Bennett (1905-1997)	603	(1)
Guatemala	604	(6)
Guo Moruo (1892-1978)	610	(1)
Hamilton, Sir William (1730-1803)	611	(1)
Harappa	612	(1)
Harrington, Jean Carl (1901-1998)	612	(2)
Hassuna	614	(1)
Haua Fteah	614	(1)
Hawes, Harriet Ann Boyd (1871-1945)	614	(1)
Hawkes, Christopher (1905-1992)	615	(1)
Hensel, Witold (1917-)	616	(1)
Herculaneum	617	(1)
Hewett, Edgar Lee (1865-1946)	618	(3)
Higgs, Eric (1908-1976)	621	(1)
Hildebrand, Bror Emil (1806-1884)	621	(1)
Hildebrand, Hans (1842-1913)	622	(1)
Historical Archaeology	623	(7)
Historiography	630	(9)
Hogarth, David George (1862-1927)	639	(1)
Holmes, William Henry (1846-1933)	640	(1)
Hrdlicka, Ales (1869-1943)	641	(1)
Huaca del Sol	642	(1)
Hume, Ivor Noel (1927-)	643	(2)
Inca	645	(1)
Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association	646	(1)
Indonesia	647	(7)
Indus Civilization	654	(7)
Industrial Archaeology	661	(8)
Instituto Hondureno de Antropologia e Historia	669	(2)
International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences	671	(3)
Iran	674	(8)
Isaac, Glyn Llywelyn (1937-1985)	682	(1)
Island Southeast Asia	683	(32)
Israel	715	(6)
Italy	721	(12)
J. C. Harrington Medal in Historical Archaeology	733	(1)
Jamestown, Virginia	734	(1)
Japan	734	(10)
Jarmo	744	(1)
Jefferson, Thomas (1743-1826)	744	(1)
Jenne and Jenne-jeno	745	(1)
Johnny Ward's Ranch	746	(1)
Jordan	747	(7)
Journal of Field Archaeology	754	(3)
Karageorghis, Vassos (1929-)	757	(1)
Karnak and Luxor	757	(3)
Kastelic, Jozef (1913-)	760	(1)
Keller, Ferdinand (1800-1881)	760	(1)
Kendrick, Sir Thomas Downing (1895-1979)	761	(1)
Kent's Cavern	762	(1)
Kenyon, Kathleen Mary (1906-1978)	762	(2)
Khirokitia-Vouni	764	(1)
Kidd, Kenneth E. (1906-1994)	764	(1)
Kidder, Alfred Vincent (1885-1963)	765	(1)
Kings Bay Plantations	766	(1)
Kitchenmidden Committee	766	(1)
Klemenc, Josip (1898-1967)	767	(1)
Knossos	767	(1)
Kondakov, Nikodim Pavlovich (1844-1925)	768	(1)
Korea	769	(5)
Korosec, Josip (1909-1966)	774	(1)
Kossinna, Gustaf (1858-1931)	775	(2)
Kostenki	777	(1)
Kostrzewski, Jozef (1885-1969)	777	(2)
Koumbi Saleh	779	(1)
Kourion	780	(1)
Kozlowski, Leon (1892-194,4)	780	(1)
Kromdraai	781	(1)
Krukowski, Stefan (1890-1982)	781	(1)
Krzemionki Opatowskie	782	(3)
La Madeleine	785	(1)
La Tene	785	(3)
La Venta	788	(1)
Laetoli	789	(1)
Language and Archaeology	789	(3)
Lartet, Edouard (1801-1871)	792	(1)
Lascaux	793	(1)
Latvia	793	(14)
Laugerie Haute and Laugerie Basse	807	(1)
Layard, Sir Austen Henry (1817-1894)	807	(1)
Le Mas D'Azil	808	(1)
Le Moustier	809	(1)
Leakey, Louis Seymour (1903-1972)	809	(1)
Leakey, Mary Douglas (1913-)	810	(1)
Lepinski Vir	811	(1)
Lepsius, Karl Richard (1810-1884)	811	(1)
Leroi-Gourhan, Andre (1911-1986)	812	(2)
Lhwyd, Edward (1660-1709)	814	(1)
Li Chi (1895-1979)	815	(1)
Libby, Willard Frank (1908-1980)	815	(1)
Lindenschmidt, Ludwig (1809-1893)	816	(1)
Linear A/Linear B	816	(1)
Lithic Analysis	817	(7)
Lithuania	824	(6)
Ljubljansko Barje	830	(1)
Louvre	831	(1)
Lozar, Rajko (1904-1985)	831	(1)
Lyell, Sir Charles (1797-1875)	832	(3)
Machu Picchu	835	(1)
Madagascar	836	(3)
Magdalenska Gora	839	(1)
Maghreb	839	(8)
Mallowan, Sir Max (1904-1978)	847	(1)
Malmer, Mats P (1921-)	848	(1)
Mariette, Auguste (1821-1881)	849	(1)
Marshall, John Hubert (1876-1951)	850	(1)
Mason, Otis Tufton (1838-1908)	851	(1)
Maya Civilization	852	(3)
Maya Epigraphy	855	(3)
McBurney, Charles (1914-1979)	858	(2)
McCarthy, Fred D. (1905-1997)	860	(1)
Meadowcroft Rock Shelter	860	(1)
Medieval Archaeology in Europe	861	(8)
Mercati, Michele (1541-1593)	869	(1)
Mesoamerica	870	(1)
Mesopotamia	871	(7)
Mexico	878	(18)
Moche	896	(1)
Monte Alban	897	(2)
Montelius, Gustaf Oscar Augustin (1843-1921)	899	(1)
Montfaucon, Bernard de (1655-1741)	899	(1)
Morgan, Lewis Henry (1818-1881)	900	(1)
Morley, Sylvanus Griswold (1883-1948)	900	(1)
Mortillet, Gabriel de (1821-1898)	901	(1)
Most na Soci	902	(1)
Moulin Quignon	903	(1)
Moundville	904	(1)
Muller, Sophus Otto (1846-1934)	905	(1)
Mulvaney, John (1925-)	905	(1)
Myres, Sir John Linton (1869-1954)	906	(1)
National Geographic Society	907	(1)
National Museum of Slovenia	907	(3)
Nautical Archaeology	910	(8)
Naville, Henri Edouard (1844-1926)	918	(1)
Nelson, Nels (1875-1964)	919	(1)
Netherlands	919	(15)
New Zealand: Historical Archaeology	934	(4)
New Zealand: Prehistoric Archaeology	938	(12)
Nilsson, Sven (1787-1883)	950	(1)
Nimrud	951	(1)
Nineveh	952	(1)
Novgorod	952	(1)
Novo Mesto	953	(1)
Nubia	954	(10)
Nyerup, Rasmus (1759-1829)	964	(1)
Obermaier Grad, Hugo (1877-1946)	965	(1)
Okladnikov, Aleksei Pavlovich (1908-)	966	(2)
Olduvai Gorge	968	(1)
Olmec Civilization	969	(1)
Olorgesailie	970	(1)
Oriental Institute of Chicago	970	(1)
Ozette Village	971	(2)
Palenque	973	(1)
Paleolithic Archaeology	974	(12)
Palynology in Archaeological Research	986	(5)
Panama	991	(7)
Paphos	998	(1)
Papua New Guinea and Melanesia	999	(7)
Parrot, Andre (1901-1980)	1006	(1)
Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology	1006	(5)
Peake, Harold John Edward (1867-1946)	1011	(1)
Pei Wenzhong (1904-1982)	1011	(1)
Pengelly, William (1812-1894)	1012	(1)
Persepolis	1012	(1)
Peru	1013	(5)
Petrie, Sir William Matthew Flinders (1853-1942)	1018	(1)
Peyrony, Denis (1869-1954)	1019	(1)
Philippines	1020	(11)
Pieridou, Angeliki (1918-1973)	1031	(1)
Piette, Edouard (1827-1906)	1031	(1)
Piggott, Stuart (1910-1996)	1031	(1)
Piltdown Forgery	1032	(1)
Pincevent	1033	(1)
Pitt Rivers, Augustus (1827-1900)	1034	(1)
Plymouth, Massachusetts	1035	(2)
Poland	1037	(8)
Polynesia	1045	(11)
Polynesian Society	1056	(2)
Pompeii	1058	(2)
Popenoe, Dorothy Hughes (1899-1932)	1060	(2)
Portugal	1062	(9)
Potocka Zijalka	1071	(1)
Poverty Point	1072	(1)
Powell, John Wesley (1834-1902)	1072	(1)
Prescott, William Hickling (1796-1859)	1072	(1)
Prestwich, Sir Joseph (1812-1896)	1073	(1)
Prinsep, James (1799-1840)	1073	(1)
Proskouriakoff, Tatiana (1910-1985)	1074	(1)
Pueblo Bonito	1075	(1)
Pumpelly, Raphael (1837-1923)	1076	(1)
Putnam, Frederic Ward (1839-1915)	1076	(3)
Quatrefages, Jean Louis Armand de (1810-1892)	1079	(1)
Quebec	1079	(6)
``Race'' and Ethnicity, Archaeological Approaches to	1085	(6)
Ratzel, Friedrich (1844-1904)	1091	(1)
Ravdonicas, Vladislav I. (1894-1976)	1091	(1)
Rawlinson, Sir Henry Creswicke (1810-1895)	1092	(1)
Reinecke, Paul (1872-1959)	1093	(1)
Reisner, George Andrew (1867-1942)	1093	(2)
Remote Sensing	1095	(4)
Rock Art	1099	(17)
Romania	1116	(9)
Rouse, Irving Benjamin (1913-)	1125	(1)
Royal Archaeological Institute	1126	(1)
Russia	1127	(20)
Salamis	1147	(1)
Sankalia, Hasmukh D. (1908-1989)	1147	(1)
Saqqara	1148	(1)
Sasel, Jaroslav (1924-1988)	1148	(1)
Schele, Linda (1942-1998)	1149	(1)
Schliemann, Heinrich (1822-1890)	1150	(2)
Schmerling, Philippe Charles (1790-1836)	1152	(1)
Semenov, Sergei Aristarkhovich (1898-1978)	1152	(1)
Shanidar	1152	(1)
Sharma, Govardhan Rai (1919-1986)	1153	(1)
Shaw, Charles Thurstan (1914-)	1153	(1)
Shell Midden Analysis	1154	(5)
Silcott, Washington	1159	(1)
Sipan	1159	(1)
Situla Art in Slovenia	1159	(1)
Skara Brae	1160	(1)
Skocjan	1160	(1)
Slovenia	1161	(8)
Smith, Sir Grafton Elliot (1871-1937)	1169	(1)
Smithsonian Institution	1170	(2)
Society for American Archaeology	1172	(5)
Society for Historical Archaeology	1177	(1)
Society of Antiquaries of London	1178	(3)
Society of Antiquaries of Scotland	1181	(1)
Society of Dilettanti	1182	(1)
Solutre	1182	(1)
South Asia	1183	(11)
Spain	1194	(13)
Spitsyn, Aleksander Andrevich (1858-1931)	1207	(1)
St. Acheul	1207	(1)
Steenstrup, Japhetus (1813-1907)	1207	(1)
Stein, Sir (Mark) Aurel (1862-1943)	1208	(1)
Steno, Nicolas (1638-1686)	1209	(1)
Stephens, John Lloyd (1805-1852)	1210	(1)
Steward, Julian (1902-1972)	1211	(1)
Sticna	1211	(1)
Stone, Doris Zemurray (1909-)	1212	(2)
Strong, William Duncan (1899-1962)	1214	(1)
Stukeley, William (1697-1765)	1215	(1)
Su Bingqi (1909-1997)	1216	(1)
Sumerians	1217	(1)
Sutton Hoo	1217	(1)
Swahili Coast of Africa	1218	(5)
Swartkrans	1223	(1)
Sweden	1224	(12)
Switzerland	1236	(8)
Syro-Palestinian and Biblical Archaeology	1244	(11)
Tabon Caves	1255	(3)
Tallgren, Aarne Michael (1885-1945)	1258	(2)
Tanum	1260	(1)
Taylor, Joan du Plat	1260	(1)
Taylor, Walter W (1913-1997)	1260	(1)
Tello, Julio Cesar (1880-1947)	1261	(1)
Tenochtitlan	1262	(1)
Teotihuacan	1263	(3)
Terracotta Warriors	1266	(1)
Thompson, Sir J. Eric S. (1898-1975)	1267	(1)
Thomsen, Christian Jurgensen (1788-1865)	1268	(2)
Three-Age System	1270	(1)
Tikal	1270	(2)
Tindale, Norman (1900-1993)	1272	(1)
Toltecs	1273	(1)
Troyon, Frederic (1815-1866)	1274	(1)
Tsountas, Christos (1857-1934)	1275	(1)
Turkey	1275	(10)
Tutankhamun, Tomb of	1285	(1)
Tylor, Sir Edward Burnett (1832-1917)	1286	(3)
Uhle, Max (1856-1944)	1289	(1)
United States of America, Prehistoric Archaeology	1289	(18)
University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology	1307	(2)
Ur	1309	(1)
Ussher, James (1581-1665)	1310	(1)
Uvarov, Count Aleksei Sergeevich (1828-1884)	1311	(2)
Valcamonica	1313	(1)
Van Giffen, Albert Egges (1884-1973)	1313	(1)
Vatican Museums	1314	(1)
Ventris, Michael (1922-1956)	1314	(1)
Vergil, Polydore (ca.1470-1555)	1314	(1)
Vilanova y Piera, Juan (1821-1893)	1314	(2)
Virchow, Rudolf (1821-1902)	1316	(1)
Viru Valley	1317	(2)
Waverly Plantation, Mississippi	1319	(1)
Wheeler, Sir Eric Mortimer (1890-1976)	1319	(1)
Who Owns the Past?	1320	(2)
Willey, Gordon Randolph (1913-)	1322	(1)
Williamsburg, Colonial	1323	(1)
Wilson, Daniel (1816-1892)	1324	(1)
Winckelmann, Johann Joachim	1325	(1)
Woolley, Sir (Charles) Leonard (1880-1960)	1326	(1)
World Archaeological Congress	1327	(3)
World Archaeology	1330	(1)
Worm, Ole (1588-1654)	1330	(1)
Wormington, Hannah Marie (1914-1994)	1331	(1)
Worsaae, Jens Jacob (1821-1886)	1332	(3)
Xia Nai (1910-1985)	1335	(2)
York	1337	(2)
Glossary	1339	(8)
Editor and Contributors	1347	(4)
Index	1351