The Encyclopedia of Tarot

by Kaplan, Stuart R.

• ISBN13: 9781572815407
• ISBN10: 157281540X
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-01-31
• Publisher: U s Games Systems

Summary

Each volume in this set is complete in itself, with no repeated information. Written with unsurpassed authority and depth of coverage, "The Encyclopedia of Tarot" offers the most definitive and comprehensive reference source available on the subject of Tarot. 56 color plates.

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations	ix
Preface	xii
Ode to Ancient Tarot Cards	xv
An Introduction to Tarot Cards	1	(11)
Terminology
trionfi
tarocchi
tarocco
tarot
anagrams
trumps
triumphi
arcana
atouts
atutti
tarotee
tarotiers
ros
ro
rog
royal road
sano tarot
The Major Arcana Cards
fifteenth-century manuscript
titles of the twenty-two Major Arcana cards
Major Arcana related to suit signs and astrological correspondences
sequential description of life
The Minor Arcana Cards
suit derivations
listing of suit titles and theories of origin
listing of court cards and theories of origin historical figures
pip cards
tarot back designs
tarot card size variations
standard fifty-two-card packs
listing of suit titles
derivation
numerical comparisons
soldier's almanack, Bible and prayer book
Origins of Tarocchi Cards	12	(12)
Prehistoric man and oral cultures
Thoth and Egyptian hieroglyphic books
Egyptian hieroglyphic paintings
the Bembine tablet
God, man and universe
the mystical number seven
the Torah
Hebrew alphabet
the Kabbalah and Tree of Life
Tetragrammaton and Jehovah
the Table of Cebes
Vishnu
Ardhanari
chaturanga and chess
chahar-taj
Hindustans and Saracens
pre-Columbian symbolism
dice
Chinese dominoes
Korean arrow
naibi
mat and pagad
Seun-ho
Chad
Fez, Morocco
Giotto
Guelphs and Ghibellines
Waldenses
Petrarch's Triumphi
Gypsies, Bohemians, Zingari
Jacquemin Gringonneur
fleur-de-lis
fourteenth-century designs
formschneiders and briefmahlers, briefes and karten
Tarot River and Taro village
carnival and processionals
Rosicrucians, Templars and Freemasons
occult revival: Gebelin, Levi, Papus, Mathers, Waite, etc.
Earliest References to Playing Cards	24	(11)
Published References
Bern, 1367
Naibbe, 1376
Johannes, 1377
Wenceslas and Jeanne, 1379
Archives of Marseilles, 1381
Ordinance of Lille, 1382
Poupart, Charles VI and Gringonneur, 1392
Morelli, 1393
Charles V, 1369, and Prevot of Paris, 1397
Ulm, 1397
Synod of Langres, 1404
St. Bernardin, 1423
Decembrio, 1440
Magistracy of Venice, 1441
Isabelle of Lorraine, 1449
Treatise of Theology, 1457
Parliament Rolls, 1464, and Statute, 1496
Biblioteca Vaticana, Codices, Lazzarelli, 1471
Ulm, 1474
Plantina, 1475
Martius, 1488
Boiardo's Tutte Le Opera
Sermones de Ludo Cumalis, 1500
Berni, 1526
Marcolinis Le Sorti, 1540
Aretino's Les Cartes Parlantes, 1540
Vives' Ludus Chartarum, 1545
Lollio, 1550
Bertoni, 1550
Ringhieri, 1551
Grazzini, 1559
Susio, 1570
Bargagli, 1572
Garzoni, 1587
Bynneman
Interpolations and Translation Errors
Pipozzo di Sandra's Trattato del governo
Das Guldin Spil
Synod of Wurzburg
William de Guilleville's Le Pelerinaige de l'Homme
Renard le Contrefait
Alphonse XI, King of Castille, and Guevara's Familiar Epistles
Le Roman du Moi Meliadus de Leonnoys
Historique et Chronique de Provence
``Magasin Pittoresque''
Jehan de Saintre
Bussi, Covelluzzo and Viterbo
Nuremberg Ordinance
Laws of the Kingdom of Spain
Tarocchini of Bologna and Prince Fibbia
Chronicles of Cremona
Maffei's Commentariorum Urbanorum
Omissions
Ovid's De Arte Amatoria
Christian Church
Sanskrit manuscripts
John of Salisbury
Council of Worcester
Town book of Augsburg
Wardrobe rolls of Edward I
Eleventh-to fourteenth-century romances
Machau's Confort d'Amy
Petrarch, Boccaccio, Chaucer and The Arabian Nights
Early Types of Tarocchi and Similar Playing Cards	35	(25)
Tarocchi and Related Packs
Visconti and Visconti-Sforza tarocchi
Tarocchi of Mantegna
Piedmontese or Tarocchi of Venice
Tarocchini di Bologna
Minchiate of Florence
Tarocchini of Mitelli
Tarocco Siciliano
Other Similar Packs
Mamluk
Trappola
Ambras Hofjagdspiel hunting pack
The Visconti and Sforza Families and their Heraldic Devices	60	(3)
The Visconti family
Bernabo
Beatrice
Galeazzo
Giangaleazzo
Isabelle
Giovanni
Filippo
Beatrice di Guglielmo Ventimiglia Lascaris
Maria di Savoy
Bianca Maria
The Sforza family
Alberico da Barbiano
Muzio Attendolo
Francesco
Cardinal Ascanio Maria
Galeazzo Maria
Bona of Savoy
Gian Galeazzo
Ludovico
Beatrice d'Este
Heraldic devices
Visconti family
a bird
ducal crown
sun with rays
black imperial eagle
A bon droit
Sforza family
a lion
three interlocking rings
a fountain
Locating the Visconti and Visconti-Sforza Tarocchi Decks	63	(2)
Pierpont Morgan--Bergamo
Cary-Yale
Brera-Brambilla
Rosenthal
Von Bartsch (Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Cleveland Stewart-Patterson and P. Tozzi)
Museo Fournier
Victoria & Albert Museum
Guildhall
Andrioletti
Marzoli
Biedak
The Pierpont Morgan-Bergamo Visconti-Sforza Tarocchi Deck	65	(22)
The twenty-two Major Arcana cards
The Fool
The Magician
The Popess
The Empress
The Emperor
The Pope
The Lovers
The Chariot
Justice
The Hermit
The Wheel of Fortune
Strength
The Hanged Man
Death
Temperance
The Devil
The Falling Tower
The Star
The Moon
The Sun
Judgment
The World
The fifty-six Minor Arcana cards
Suit of swords
Suit of staves
Suit of cups
Suit of coins
The Other Visconti-Sforza Tarocchi Decks	87	(21)
Extant cards
Cary-Yale
Brera-Brambilla
Rosenthal
Von Bartsch (Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Cleveland Stewart-Patterson and P. Tozzi)
Museo Fournier
Victoria & Albert Museum
Guildhall
Andrioletti
Marzoli
Biedak
The Artists
Antonio Cicognara
Bonifacio Bembo
Dating the decks
Other Early Hand-Painted Cards	108	(16)
Kestner Museum
National Museum, Warsaw
Castello Ursino
Goldschmidt
Guildhall
Gringonneur
D'Este
Biblioteca Nazionale Universitaria, Torino
Edmond de Rothschild
Museo Civico Biblioteca e Archivio di Bassano del Grappa
Museo Correr, Venice
Early Printed Tarot Cards	124	(13)
Metropolitan Museum of Art
Sola Busca
Bibliotheque de l'Ecole Nationale Superieure des Beaux-Arts
Edmond de Rothschild, Louvre
Rosenwald Collection, National Gallery of Art
Catelin Geofroy, Museum fur Kunsthandwerk
Municipal Library of Rouen
Colonna, British Museum
Paris card maker
Joannes Pelagius Mayer
Eighteenth-and Nineteenth-Century Tarot Decks	137	(31)
Tarot of Marseilles
Court de Gebelin
Etteilla
Vandenborre tarot
French tarot, 1720
Geografia tarocchi
Jean Payen
N. Conver
Lando tarot
French tarot
Jean Galler
Rochias Fils
Milanese tarot, F. Gumppenberg
French Revolutionary tarot, L. Carey
Italian Major Arcana cards
French Cartomancy pack
Fanciful tarot, Avondo Brothers
J. Gaudais
Edoardo Dotti
Piedmontese tarot, Versino
Doubleday tarot cards/Five oversize tarot cards/Egyptian Major Arcana cards
Gassmann
Milanese tarot
F. Strambo tarocchi
Vacchetta tarocchi
Indian ``tarot.''
Twentieth-Century Tarot Decks and Designs Not Readily Available	168	(59)
Acea Gypsy tarot
Adams / Cleveland / Hersh / MacPherson / Weiss
Alitalia tarot
Apocalypse / Bompiani / Cilento / Dykstra / Farcas / Izod / Kersaint / Williamson
Arcanes du Destin
Atkins / Heitmann / Klumper / Lucas / May / Pincini
Balbi / Bennett / Brother Placid / Decker / Greenwich Library / Yves Jobert / Rivers / Sigler
Beaulieu / Laliberte / Le-Tan / Sigler
Benavides / Carter / Dorflinger / Fodera / Kloster / Nessim / Rota / Schlossman
Berthole tarot
British tarot
Chaboseau / Loring tarot
Cooper tarot
Dali / Gill / Iamblichus / Kaye / Littel / Metcalfe / Sherman / Tavaglione
Doctors van Leeuwen Porcelain tarot
Fatidic Egyptian tarot
Frownstrong / Gemrod / Hoffman / Holbein / Pry / Saba-Telli / Scott / Skell
Glass tarot
H. J. Heinz tarot
Peter Huckerby tarot insight Institute tarot
Knapp tarot
De Laurence tarot
Linweave tarot
Lover's tarot
M. Lubow / N. Lubow / Sharp / Waldner/Weil
Masenghini Tarocchino Milanese
Menegazzi Seashell tarocco
Sergio Minero tarot
Odell tarot
Ollgaard tarot
Ortega tarot
Papus tarot
Pastor tarot
Pop/Rock tarot
Rakoczi tarot
Ravenswood Eastern tarot
Le Taro Sacerdotal
Sacred Egyptian tarot
Schikowski tarot
Scott Major Arcana
Tellurian tarot
Connie Taylor tarot
Transitional tarot
Wollenhaupt-Brenner tarot
Popular Twentieth-Century Tarot Packs and Reprints Currently Available	227	(68)
Tarot de Acuario
Aquarian tarot
Tarot Arista
Astral tarot
Astro tarot
Balbi tarot
Baraja Egipcia
Grand Tarot Belline
Guido Bolzani tarocchi
Builders of the Adytum tarot
Church of Light tarot
Tarot Classic
Aleister Crowley ``Thoth'' tarot
D'Epinal tarot
Il Destino Svelato Dal Tarocco
Dynamic Games tarot
Egipcios tarot
Esoteric tarot
Etteilla tarot
Fergus Hall tarot
Gentilini tarocchi
Golden Dawn tarot
Golden Egyptian tarot/Morgan's tarot/Praktische tarot
Hoi Polloi tarot
Tarot of Oscar Ichazo
Tarot of Marseilles
Masenghini Tarocchi Piedmontese
Mountain Dream tarot
Muchery Astrological tarot
The New Tarot Deck
The New Tarot for the Aquarian Age
Nordic tarot
Swiss tarot
Piatnik/Pointer tarot
Rider-Waite tarot
Royal Fez Moroccan tarot
Sheridan/Douglas tarot
Spanish tarot
Starter tarot
Tantric tarot
Taro Adivinhatorio
20th Century tarot
Vandenborre tarot
Visconti-Sforza tarocchi
Oswald Wirth tarot
Xultun tarot
Yeager tarot of Meditation
Zigeuner tarot
Zolar's New Astrological tarot
Tarock Packs	295	(32)
Tarock game rules
Tarock packs
Gobl tarock
Napoleon tarock
Allegorical tarock
Turkish Costume tarock
Pfluger Scenic tarock
Historical tarock
Animal tarock (Bohemia)
Animal tarock (Germany)
Military tarock (Glanz, 1854)
Opera and Operetta tarock
Chinese tarock
Fool's tarock
Dance tarock
Theatrical tarock
Proverb tarock
Dondorf tarock No. 246
Military tarock (Piatnik, 1882)
Nejedly tarock
Habsburger tarock No. 146
Exotic tarock
Ditha Moser tarock
Soldaten tarock No. 217
Piatnik genre tarock
Willeb tarock
Paris Scenic tarock
Ladies tarock No. 162
Tarotrump and tarock No. 4
Coffee House tarock No. 9a
Piatnik tarock No. 36a
Cego pack
Interpreting Tarot Cards	327	(10)
The twenty-two Major Arcana Cards
The Fool
The Magician
The Popess
The Empress
The Emperor
The Pope
The Lovers
The Chariot
Justice
The Hermit
The Wheel of Fortune
Strength
The Hanged Man
Death
Temperance
The Devil
The Tower
The Star
The Moon
The Sun
Judgment
The World
The fifty-six Minor Arcana Cards
Suit of swords
Suit of staves
Suit of cups
Suit of coins
Spreading the Tarot Deck	337	(8)
Ten-card spread with twenty-two Major Arcana cards
Sequence and meanings
Interpretations
Ten-card spread with forty-two cards
The name spread
The horseshoe spread
The royal spread
The seventh-card spread
The gypsy spread
Sample tarot card reading
Conclusions	345	(2)
Bibliography	347	(30)
Index	377	(128)
List of Illustrations	ix
Preface	xii
Ode to the Fool	xv
Early References to Playing Cards and Tarocchi	1	(10)
Barcelona, 1380
Barcelona, 1382
Tarocchini of Bologna and Prince Fibbia, circa 1400
Issogne Castle fresco, circa 1415 to 1450
Ferrara, 1442
Casa Borromeo, circa 1400 to 1450
Francesco Sforza letter, December 11, 1450
Francesco Sforza letter, December 15, 1450
Matteo Maria Boiardo, circa 1460
Roccabianca fresco, circa 1460
Ippolito d'Este, 1492
Pavlinvs da Casteleto, 1499
Court of Ferrara, 1516
Girolamo Cardano, 1524
Merlini Cocai, 1527
Troilo Pomeran da Cittadela, 1534
Poggi Palace fresco, circa 1550
Claude Gauchet, 1583
John Florio, 1591
G. Delamothe, 1592
Visconti and Visconti-Sforza Cards Rediscovered and Recreated	11	(31)
The Devil and The Tower cards
Lombardy I cards
Lombardy II cards
Bonomi cards
Lombardy III card
Female knight of coins engraving
Six fifteenth-century replacement cards
Pierpont Morgan-Bergamo Visconti-Sforza cards recreated
Cary-Yale Visconti Tarocchi
Nineteen recreated Cary-Yale cards
Locating and Identifying the Visconti and Visconti-Sforza Tarocchi Cards	42	(11)
Provenance of the Pierpont Morgan-Bergamo Tarocchi
Holes
Cliff edges
Heraldic devices
The Visconti Family	53	(34)
Ottone Visconti (1207-1295)
Matteo Visconti (1247-1322)
Galeazzo Visconti (1277-1328)
Visconti family genealogy
Azzone Visconti (1302-1339)
Luchino Visconti (1292-1349)
Giovanni Visconti (1290-1354)
Matteo Visconti II (1319-1355)
Galeazzo Visconti II (1320-1378)
Bernabo Visconti (1323-1385)
Giangaleazzo Visconti (1351-1402)
Giovanni Maria Visconti (1389-1412)
Filippo Maria Visconti (1392-1447)
The Sforza Family	87	(33)
Muzio Attendolo Sforza (1369-1424)
Sforza family genealogy
Francesco Sforza (1401-1466)
Galeazzo Maria Sforza (1444-1476)
Gian Galeazzo Sforza (1469-1494)
Lodovico Maria ``Il Moro'' Sforza (1451-1508)
Massimiliano Sforza (1493-1530)
Francesco Sforza II (1495-1535)
Bonifacio Bembo and the Fifteenth-Century Tarocchi Artists	120	(21)
Bonifacio Bembo
Diurnal initials of Mirandola
The Story of Lancelot of the Lake
Cavalcabo frescoes at Sant'Agostino
Frescoes at Monticellid Ongina
Portraits of Bianca Maria Visconti and Francesco Sforza
Cremonese Coronation triptych
The Virgin and Child with Angels
Portraits of Francesco and Bianca Maria Sforza
Christ and the Moneychangers
Saint Julian and Saint Alexis
Tempera at the Museum Jacquemart-Andre
Bible scenes at Museo Civico
Psalter of Rimini
Frescoes in the chapel of the Madonna at the Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie
Annunciation and Madonna of Mercy
Frescoes of the ducal chapel in the Sforza Castle, Milan
Artists in fifteenth-century Northern Italy
A Poet, A Scribe, A Condottiere and a Lady	141	(13)
Francesco Petrarch
Marziano da Tortona
Bartolomeo Colleoni
Isabella d'Este
Early Symbolism of the Major Arcana	154	(28)
The Renaissance and tarot
The Fool
The Magician
The Popess
The Empress
The Emperor
The Pope
The Lovers
The Chariot
Justice
The Hermit
The Wheel of Fortune
Strength
The Hanged Man
Death
Temperance
The Devil
The Tower
The Star
The Moon
The Sun
Judgment
The World
Renaissance stories in the tarot
Sequence and Titles of the Major Arcana Cards	182	(15)
Tarot of Marseilles
Sermones de Ludo Cum Aliis
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, and Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest
Rosenwald sheet
Classical (Rouen) Tarot
Pomeran Triomphi
G. Bertoni, Poesie
Catelin Geofroy
G. Susio poem
T. Garzoni, La Piazza Universale
Colonna sheets
Jacques Vievil
La Maison Academique contenant les jeux
Parisian Tarot
Minchiate
Tarocco Siciliano
Pierre Madenie
Francois Heri, 1718
Francois Heri, early eighteenth century
Tarocchini of Bologna
Belgian Cartes de Suisses
Adam C. de Hautot
Joannes Pelagius Mayer
Grandpretre Tarot
F. Teodoro Dotti
Rider-Waite Tarot
Identifying Tarot Cards	197	(6)
Suit signs and indices
Heraldic devices
Identifying cards
Printing methods
Square and round corners
Card wrappers
Cardmaker sample books
Back designs
Provenance
Watermarks on playing card stock
Neutron activation analysis and autoradiography
Radiocarbon dating
Engravers
Tax stamps on playing cards
Cardmakers
Images on cards
Five Centuries of Tarot Cardmakers	203	(28)
Austria
Belgium
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
France
Germany
Great Britain
Hungary
Italy
Luxembourg
Poland
Switzerland
United States
Yugoslavia
Sources of cardmakers list
Tax Stamps on Playing Cards	231	(25)
Austria
Denmark
France
Germany
Italy
Poland
Switzerland
United States
Minchiate Cards and Tarocco Siciliano Cards	256	(14)
Minchiate
Ancient History Minchiate
Minchiate of Florence
Minchiate pack, circa 1820
Tarocco Siciliano
Fifteenth- to Seventeenth-Century Tarot Cards	270	(43)
Metropolitan Museum of Art
Budapest Museum of Fine Arts
Theodore B. Donson Collection
Cary Collection of Playing Cards
Museo delle Arti e delle Tradizioni Popolari
Sforza Castle
A. Hebreo card
Sola-Busca Tarocchi
Catelin Geofroy
Labyrinth Game by Andrea Ghisi
Jacques Vieville
Jean Noblet
Parisian Tarot
Francois Chosson
Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Tarot Cards	313	(98)
Pierre Madenie
Jean-Pierre Payen, circa 1760 reprint of 1713 deck
Francois Heri, 1718
Francois Heri, first third of eighteenth century
Claude Thomasset
Jean-Pierre Payen, circa 1735
F. F. Solesio Tarot
Adam C. de Hautot
Sebastian Ioia
Joannes Pelagius Mayer
Roehus I Schar (Schaer)
Claude Burdel
Antoine Jar
Martin Dupont
Conrad Iseli
Charles Madigne Sheet
Charles Madigne Tarot
A. Paiche
C. F. Carrajat
Grandpretre Tarot
Bernard Schaer
Cosmo Antonio Toso
Gaetano Provasi Tarocchini of Bologna
Jean Jerger
Jacques Burdel
F. Gumppenberg
J. B. Benois
F. Gumppenberg Neoclassical Tarot
F. Gumppenberg Tarocchini of Bologna
Giacomo Draghi
Renault
Stefano Vergnano
Cartomanzia Italiana
Rivero
Joseph Henri Rochias
Giacomo Recchi
F. Gumppenberg
Pietro Milesi
F. Gumppenberg Lombardy Tarot
Johann Georg Rauch
Giro. Montalenti
F. Teodoro Dotti
Lattanzio Lamperti
1JJ Swiss Tarot
Edoardo Dotti
Francesco Fantini
Oletto
P. Negri
F. Fantini
A. Rossi
Pietro Masenghini
Muhlemann & Walther
Amedeo Candiani
Fratelli Armanino
Tarot Classic
Bordoni
B. P. Grimaud
Alessandro Viassone
Oswald Wirth
Falconnier
Pen and Ink tarot designs
Etteilla illustrations
Etteilla Tarot, circa 1800
German Etteilla
Etteilla Tarot, mid to late nineteenth century
Z. Lismon Etteilla Tarot
Etteilla prints
Delarue Etteilla Tarot
B. P. Grimaud Etteilla Tarot
Dumont Etteilla illustrations
Tarock Packs	411	(92)
Mayer Animal Tarock
Gobl Animal Tarock
Vandenborre Animal Tarock
Rochias Animal Tarock
Geographical Tarock
Burdel Mythology Tarock
Schaer Animal Tarock
Occupations Tarock
La Fontaine Tarock
Drama Tarock
Fish Tail Tarock
DuPort Animal Tarock
``J.A.W.'' Animal Tarock
Holdhaus Genre Tarock
World Scenic Tarock
F. Gumppenberg Tarock
Schneider Classical Deities Tarock
Holmblad Animal Tarock
Dimler Animal Taroek
Vienna Scenic Tarock
Max Uffenheimer Animal Tarock
Rebus Tarock
Tarocco della Corona Ferrea
Revolution of 1848 Tarock
Salzburger Tarock
Encyclopedic Tarock
Classical Deities Tarock
Ritter Genre Tarock
Topsy-Turvy Tarock
Military Tarocks
Austro-Hungarian Tarock
Hunting Tarock
Austrian Scenic Tarock
Danish Scenic Tarock
Waverly Tarock
Viennese Types Tarock
Costume Tarock
Hungarian Tarocks
Jaeger Genre Tarock
Cancan Tarock
Patriotic Tarock
Glanz Genre Tarock
C. Titze & Schinkay Genre Tarock
LeQuart Classical Deities Tarock
B.P. Grimaud Classical Deities Tarock
Piatnik Genre Tarock
Gigerl Tarock
Geuens-Willaert Animal Tarock
Chambery Flowers Tarock
J. Muller & Cie Genre Tarock
POW Tarock
Green Spade Tarock
Aug. Denk & Co. Genre Tarock
Hermansen Tarock
Western Playing Card Company Genre Tarock
JMS Genre Tarock
Catel & Farey Genre Tarock
Taroky 165
Alpine Tarock
Walt Disney Junior Tarock
Circus Tarock
Tahitian Tarock
Gendarmerie Tarock
Maxim's Tarock
Louis Vuitton Tarock
Lanvin Tarock
Conclusions	503	(2)
Annotated Bibliography	505	(28)
Index	533	(131)
List of Illustrations	viii
Introduction	xiv
In Memoriam: Pamela Colman Smith	xvii
Pamela Colman Smith: The Rider-Waite Artist	1	(45)
Twentieth-Century Tarot Decks and Designs Not Readily Available	46	(516)
Popular Twentieth-Century Tarot Decks and Reprints	562	(90)
Tarock Packs	652	(12)
Book References for Major Arcana Cards	664	(10)
Annotated Bibliography	674	(6)
Index	680	(68)
Preface	viii
Unpublished Tarot Decks	1	(206)
Published Tarot Decks	207	(462)
Section: The Rider-Waite Tarot	484	(125)
Section: Tarot Decks From Japan	609	(60)
Antiques and Ancients	669	(52)
Section: The Tarot of Marseilles	685	(14)
Section: The Ancient Egyptian Temple	699	(22)
Tarock Packs	721	(27)
Does Tarot Work?	748	(1)
Allen Stairs
Annotated Bibliography	749	(31)
Index	780