Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses

by Wagner, John A.

• ISBN13: 9781851093588
• ISBN10: 1851093583
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-07-01
• Publisher: Abc-Clio Inc

Summary

This authoritative A-Z encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses provides accurate and concise descriptions of the major battles and events and the principal historical figures and issues involved.

Table of Contents

Guide to Related Topics	p. xiii
Preface	p. xxiii
Acknowledgments	p. xxvii
Introduction	p. xxix
Chronology: Wars of the Roses	p. xxxiii
Accord, Act of (1460)	p. 1
Affinity	p. 2
Alnwick Castle (1461-1464)	p. 2
Angers Agreement (1470)	p. 3
Anglica Historia (Vergil)	p. 4
Archers	p. 5
Armies, Recruitment of	p. 6
Armies, Size of	p. 7
Armies, Supplying of	p. 8
Armor	p. 9
Artillery	p. 11
Attainder, Act of	p. 13
Badges	p. 15
The Ballad of Bosworth Field	p. 16
Bamburgh Castle (1461-1464)	p. 16
Barnet, Battle of (1471)	p. 17
Bastard Feudalism	p. 19
Battles, Nature of	p. 20
Beaufort, Edmund, Duke of Somerset (c. 1406-1455)	p. 22
Beaufort, Edmund, Duke of Somerset (1439-1471)	p. 23
Beaufort Family	p. 25
Beaufort, Henry, Duke of Somerset (1436-1464)	p. 25
Beaufort, Margaret, Countess of Richmond and Derby (1443-1509)	p. 26
Beaumont, William, Lord Beaumont (1438-1507)	p. 27
Berwick-on-Tweed	p. 28
Blore Heath, Battle of (1459)	p. 29
Blount, Walter, Lord Mountjoy (d. 1474)	p. 30
Bones of 1674	p. 30
Bonville, William, Lord Bonville (1393-1461)	p. 31
Booth, Lawrence, Archbishop of York (d. 1480)	p. 32
Bosworth Field, Battle of (1485)	p. 33
Bourchier, Henry, Earl of Essex (d. 1483)	p. 34
Bourchier, Thomas, Cardinal Archbishop of Canterbury (c. 1404-1486)	p. 35
Brackenbury, Sir Robert (d. 1485)	p. 36
Bray, Sir Reginald (1440-1503)	p. 37
Breze, Pierre de, Seneschal of Normandy (c. 1408-1465)	p. 37
Brittany	p. 38
Buckingham's Rebellion (1483)	p. 39
Burgundy	p. 41
Butler, James, Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond (1420-1461)	p. 42
Butler Precontract (1483)	p. 43
Caister Castle, Siege of (1469)	p. 45
Calais	p. 46
Castillon, Battle of (1453)	p. 47
Casualties	p. 48
Catesby, William (1450-1485)	p. 49
Caxton, William (c. 1421-1491)	p. 50
Cely Letters and Papers	p. 51
Charles VII, King of France (1403-1461)	p. 52
Charles VIII, King of France (1470-1498)	p. 53
Charles, Duke of Burgundy (1433-1477)	p. 54
Chinon Agreement (1462)	p. 54
Chronicle of the Rebellion in Lincolnshire (1470)	p. 55
Clarence, Execution of (1478)	p. 56
Clifford, John, Lord Clifford (c. 1435-1461)	p. 57
Clifford, Thomas, Lord Clifford (1414-1455)	p. 58
Commissions of Array	p. 58
Commons (Common People) and the Wars of the Roses	p. 59
"Compilation of the Meekness and Good Life of King Henry VI" (Blacman)	p. 60
Cook, Sir Thomas (1420-1478)	p. 61
Coppini Mission (1459-1461)	p. 62
Cornelius Plot (1468)	p. 63
Council, Royal	p. 63
Council Meeting of 13 June 1483	p. 64
Court, Royal	p. 66
Courtenay, Henry, Earl of Devon (Lancastrian) (c. 1435-1469)	p. 67
Courtenay, John, Earl of Devon (Lancastrian) (c. 1440-1471)	p. 67
Courtenay, Peter, Bishop of Winchester (1432-1492)	p. 68
Courtenay, Thomas, Earl of Devon (1414-1458)	p. 68
Courtenay, Thomas, Earl of Devon (1432-1461)	p. 69
Courtenay-Bonville Feud (1450s)	p. 70
Coventry Parliament (1459)	p. 71
Croyland Chronicle	p. 72
Dartford Uprising (1452)	p. 73
De Facto Act (1495)	p. 74
Devereux, Walter, Lord Ferrers of Chartley (1432-1485)	p. 74
Dinham, John, Lord Dinham (d. 1501)	p. 75
Dunstanburgh Castle (1461-1464)	p. 76
Edgecote, Battle of (1469)	p. 79
Edward IV, King of England (1442-1483)	p. 80
Edward IV, Overthrow of (1470)	p. 82
Edward IV, Restoration of (1471)	p. 83
Edward V, King of England (1470-c. 1483)	p. 84
Edward of Lancaster, Prince of Wales (1453-1471)	p. 86
Elizabeth of York, Queen of England (1465-1503)	p. 87
English Church and the Wars of the Roses	p. 88
English Economy and the Wars of the Roses	p. 89
Ferrybridge, Battle of (1461)	p. 91
First Protectorate (1454-1455)	p. 92
Fitzgerald, Gerald, Earl of Kildare (1456-1513)	p. 93
Fitzgerald, Thomas, Earl of Desmond (c. 1426-1468)	p. 93
Fitzgerald, Thomas, Earl of Kildare (d. 1478)	p. 94
Fortescue, Sir John (c. 1394-1476)	p. 94
France	p. 95
Francis II, Duke of Brittany (d. 1488)	p. 97
Generalship	p. 99
Gentry	p. 100
Grey, Edmund, Earl of Kent (c. 1420-1489)	p. 101
Grey, Thomas, Marquis of Dorset (1451-1501)	p. 101
Gruthuyse; Louis de, Seigneur de la Gruthuyse, Earl of Winchester (c. 1427-1492)	p. 102
Hanseatic League	p. 105
Harbingers	p. 106
Hardyng's Chronicle	p. 106
Harlech Castle (1461-1468)	p. 107
Hastings, William, Lord Hastings (c. 1430-1483)	p. 108
Hedgeley Moor, Battle of (1464)	p. 110
Henry VI, King of England (1421-1471)	p. 111
Henry VI, Illness of	p. 113
Henry VI, Murder of (1471)	p. 113
Henry VI, Part 1 (Shakespeare)	p. 114
Henry VI, Part 2 (Shakespeare)	p. 116
Henry VI, Part 3 (Shakespeare)	p. 117
Henry VII, King of England (1457-1509)	p. 117
Herbert, William, Earl of Pembroke (d. 1469)	p. 119
Heworth, Battle of (1453)	p. 121
Hexham, Battle of (1464)	p. 122
The History of King Richard III (More)	p. 122
History of the Arrival of Edward IV	p. 123
Holland, Henry, Duke of Exeter (1430-1475)	p. 124
Howard, John, Duke of Norfolk (d. 1485)	p. 125
Howard, Thomas, Earl of Surrey and Duke of Norfolk (1443-1524)	p. 125
Hundred Years War (1337-1453)	p. 126
Hungerford, Robert, Lord Hungerford (1431-1464)	p. 127
Hungerford, Sir Thomas (d. 1469)	p. 128
Hungerford, Sir Walter (d. 1516)	p. 129
Ireland	p. 131
Jack Cade's Rebellion (1450)	p. 133
Jacquetta of Luxembourg, Duchess of Bedford (c. 1416-1472)	p. 134
James II, King of Scotland (1430-1460)	p. 136
James III, King of Scotland (1451-1488)	p. 136
James IV, King of Scotland (1473-1513)	p. 137
Kennedy, James, Bishop of St. Andrews (c. 1406-1465)	p. 139
Lancaster, House of (1399-1461, 1470-1471)	p. 141
Landais, Pierre (d. 1485)	p. 143
Langstrother, Sir John, Prior of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem (1416-1471)	p. 144
Livery and Maintenance	p. 145
London	p. 145
London Chronicles	p. 147
Losecote Field, Battle of (1470)	p. 148
Louis XI, King of France (1423-1483)	p. 149
Love-Day of 1458	p. 150
Lovell, Francis, Viscount Lovell (c. 1456-c. 1487)	p. 151
Lovell-Stafford Uprising (1486)	p. 152
Ludford Bridge, Battle of (1459)	p. 153
Malory, Sir Thomas (c. 1416-1471)	p. 155
Manner and Guiding of the Earl of Warwick at Angers (1470)	p. 156
March on London (1461)	p. 157
Margaret of Anjou, Queen of England (1430-1482)	p. 158
Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy (1446-1503)	p. 160
Mary of Gueldres, Queen of Scotland (d. 1463)	p. 161
Memoirs (Commines)	p. 162
Men-at-Arms	p. 162
Mercenaries	p. 163
Military Campaigns, Duration of	p. 164
Mortimer's Cross, Battle of (1461)	p. 166
Morton, John, Cardinal Archbishop of Canterbury (c. 1420-1500)	p. 166
Mowbray, John, Duke of Norfolk (1415-1461)	p. 167
Mowbray, John, Duke of Norfolk (1444-1476)	p. 168
Navy	p. 169
Neville, Anne, Queen of England (c. 1453-1485)	p. 171
Neville, Cecily, Duchess of York (1415-1495)	p. 172
Neville Family	p. 173
Neville, George, Archbishop of York (1432-1476)	p. 174
Neville, Sir Humphrey (c. 1439-1469)	p. 175
Neville Inheritance Dispute (1471-1475)	p. 176
Neville, Isabel, Duchess of Clarence (1451-1476)	p. 177
Neville, John, Earl of Northumberland and Marquis of Montagu (c. 1430-1471)	p. 178
Neville, John, Lord Neville (d. 1461)	p. 179
Neville, Richard, Earl of Salisbury (c. 1400-1460)	p. 180
Neville, Richard, Earl of Warwick (1428-1471)	p. 181
Neville, Sir Thomas (c. 1429-1460)	p. 183
Neville, Thomas, Bastard of Fauconberg (d. 1471)	p. 184
Neville, William, Lord Fauconberg and Earl of Kent (d. 1463)	p. 184
Neville-Percy Feud (1450s)	p. 186
Nibley Green, Battle of (1470)	p. 187
North of England and the Wars of the Roses	p. 188
Northampton, Battle of (1460)	p. 190
Oxford Conspiracy (1462)	p. 193
Parliament	p. 195
Paston Letters	p. 196
Peerage	p. 197
Percy, Henry, Earl of Northumberland (1394-1455)	p. 198
Percy, Henry, Earl of Northumberland (1421-1461)	p. 199
Percy, Henry, Earl of Northumberland (1446-1489)	p. 200
Percy, Thomas, Lord Egremont (1422-1460)	p. 201
Philip, Duke of Burgundy (1396-1467)	p. 202
Plantagenet, Edmund, Earl of Rutland (1443-1460)	p. 203
Plantagenet, Edward, Earl of Warwick (1475-1499)	p. 204
Plantagenet, George, Duke of Clarence (1449-1478)	p. 204
Plantagenet, House of (1154-1485)	p. 206
Plantagenet, Richard, Duke of York (1411-1460)	p. 207
Plantagenet, Richard, Duke of York (1473-c. 1483)	p. 209
Plumpton Letters and Papers	p. 210
Pole, John de la, Duke of Suffolk (1442-1491)	p. 210
Pole, John de la, Earl of Lincoln (c. 1464-1487)	p. 211
Pole, William de la, Duke of Suffolk (1396-1450)	p. 212
Prerogative	p. 213
Princes in the Tower	p. 214
Propaganda	p. 215
Radford, Nicholas (d. 1455)	p. 219
Ratcliffe, Sir Richard (d. 1485)	p. 220
Readeption (1470-1471)	p. 220
Recueil des Croniques et Anchiennes Istories de la Grant Bretaigne, a present nomme Engleterre (Waurin)	p. 221
Retainers	p. 223
Retaining, Acts against	p. 224
Rhys ap Thomas (1449-1525)	p. 225
Richard II, Deposition of (1399)	p. 226
Richard III, King of England (1452-1485)	p. 228
Richard III, Historical Views of	p. 230
Richard III, Northern Affinity of	p. 232
Richard III (Shakespeare)	p. 233
Robin of Holderness Rebellion (1469)	p. 234
Robin of Redesdale Rebellion (1469)	p. 234
Roos, Thomas, Lord Roos (1427-1464)	p. 235
The Rose of England	p. 236
Rotherham, Thomas, Archbishop of York (1423-1500)	p. 237
Rous, John (c. 1411-1491)	p. 238
Russell, John, Bishop of Lincoln (d. 1494)	p. 239
St. Albans, Battle of (1455)	p. 241
St. Albans, Battle of (1461)	p. 242
Sanctuary	p. 243
Scales, Thomas, Lord Scales (1399-1460)	p. 244
Scotland	p. 244
Second Protectorate (1455-1456)	p. 246
Shakespeare and the Wars of the Roses	p. 247
Shaw's Sermon (1483)	p. 249
Shore, Elizabeth (Jane) (d. 1527)	p. 250
Simnel, Lambert (c. 1475-c. 1525)	p. 251
The Song of Lady Bessy	p. 252
Stafford, Henry, Duke of Buckingham (c. 1454-1483)	p. 252
Stafford, Humphrey, Duke of Buckingham (1402-1460)	p. 253
Stafford, Humphrey, Earl of Devon (1439-1469)	p. 254
Stamford Bridge, Battle of (1454)	p. 255
Stanley, Thomas, Earl of Derby (c. 1435-1504)	p. 256
Stanley, Sir William (d. 1495)	p. 257
Stillington, Robert, Bishop of Bath and Wells (d. 1491)	p. 257
Stoke, Battle of (1487)	p. 258
Stonor Letters and Papers	p. 259
Sun in Splendor/Sunburst Badge	p. 260
Tailboys, Sir William (c. 1416-1464)	p. 263
Tewkesbury, Battle of (1471)	p. 263
Thomas ap Gruffydd (d. 1473)	p. 265
Tiptoft, John, Earl of Worcester (c. 1427-1470)	p. 266
Titulus Regius	p. 267
Touchet, James, Lord Audley (c. 1398-1459)	p. 269
Tower of London	p. 269
Towns and the Wars of the Roses	p. 271
Towton, Battle of (1461)	p. 272
Trollope, Sir Andrew (d. 1461)	p. 273
Tudor, Edmund, Earl of Richmond (c. 1430-1456)	p. 273
Tudor, House of (1485-1603)	p. 274
Tudor, Jasper, Earl of Pembroke and Duke of Bedford (c. 1431-1495)	p. 276
Tudor, Owen (d. 1461)	p. 277
Tunstall, Sir Richard (d. 1492)	p. 277
Twt Hill, Battle of (1461)	p. 278
Tyrell, Sir James (1445-1502)	p. 279
The Union of the Two Noble and Illustrious Families of Lancaster and York (Hall)	p. 281
Urswick, Christopher (1448-1521)	p. 281
Usurpation of 1483	p. 282
The Usurpation of Richard III (Mancini)	p. 284
Vaughan, Sir Thomas (d. 1483)	p. 285
Vere, John de, Earl of Oxford (1443-1513)	p. 285
Wainfleet, William, Bishop of Winchester (c. 1395-1486)	p. 287
Wakefield, Battle of (1460)	p. 288
Wales	p. 289
Warbeck, Perkin (1475-1499)	p. 290
Warkworth's Chronicle	p. 291
Wars of the Roses, Causes of	p. 292
Wars of the Roses, Naming of	p. 294
Weaponry	p. 295
Welles Uprising (1470)	p. 296
Wenlock, John, Lord Wenlock (d. 1471)	p. 297
Westminster-Ardtornish, Treaty of (1462)	p. 298
Whethamstede, John, Abbot of St. Albans (c. 1390-1465)	p. 298
Woodville, Anthony, Earl Rivers (c. 1442-1483)	p. 299
Woodville, Elizabeth, Queen of England (c. 1437-1492)	p. 301
Woodville Family	p. 302
Woodville, Lionel, Bishop of Salisbury (c. 1446-1484)	p. 303
Woodville, Richard, Earl Rivers (c. 1410-1469)	p. 304
York, House of (1461-1470, 1471-1485)	p. 307
Yorkist Heirs (after 1485)	p. 308
Genealogies	p. 311
Map of Wars of the Roses Battle Sites	p. 317
Table of Dynastic Affiliations	p. 319
Involvement of the Higher Peerage in the Wars of the Roses	p. 323
European Rulers in the Fifteenth Century	p. 327
Popes and English Church Leaders in the Fifteenth Century	p. 329
Selected Historical Fiction with Fifteenth-Century Characters and Settings	p. 331
Selected Web Sites for Fifteenth-Century Topics	p. 337
Bibliography	p. 343
Index	p. 353
About the Author	p. 367
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