Encyclopedia of Women and Sport in America

by Ridley, Sheila

• ISBN13: 9780897749930
• ISBN10: 0897749936
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1998-04-01
• Publisher: Greenwood Pub Group

Summary

The challenges and achievements of female athletes in the U.S. are the focus of this collection of nearly 300 articles and biographies that portray the diversity, depth, and meaning of their sports experiences. Written by prominent experts as well as by the athletes themselves, these articles offer a unique, authoritative perspective on topics ranging from women's earliest involvement in sports through recent events at the 1997 world and national championships.

Author Biography

CAROLE A. OGLESBY is a professor at Temple University, Philadelphia, and a contributor to the 1996 Report of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sport: Physical Activity and the Adolescent Female.DOREEN L. GREENBERG is a nationally certified consultant in sport psychology and a member of the U.S. Olympic Committee's National Sport Psychology Registry.RUTH LOUISE HALL is a licensed psychologist and an associate professor in the Department of Psychology at The College of New Jersey.KAREN L. HILL is an associate professor in the College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, Delaware County Campus, and a member of the U.S. Olympic Committee's National Sport Psychology Registry.FRANCES JOHNSTON is the founder and president of Management & Organizational Development Learning Systems, Inc.(MODLS), a Philadelphia-based consulting firm whose client list includes NIKE, Merrill Lynch, and Fleer/Skybox.SHEILA EASTERBY RIDLEY is an instructor at Pennsylvania State University, Berks Lehigh Valley College, Reading, Pennsylvania.

Table of Contents

Foreword	vii	(2)
Mariah Burton Nelson
Foreword	ix	(2)
Marilyn Oshman
Preface	xi	(4)
Contributors	xv
Valerie Ackerman	1	(1)
Aconcagua Mountain: The Climb for Life	1	(1)
R. Vivian Acosta, Ph.D. and Linda Jean Carpenter, Ph.D., J.D.	2	(1)
Adventure Experiences and Outdoor Pursuits	3	(1)
African American Women and Sport	4	(3)
Tenley Albright	7	(1)
Annapurna I: A Vertical Breakthrough	8	(5)
Constance M.K. Applebee	13	(1)
Archery	13	(2)
Evelyn Ashford	15	(1)
Asian American Women in Sport	15	(2)
The Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW)	17	(2)
Tracy Austin	19	(1)
Aviation and Women	19	(3)
Shirley Babashoff	22	(1)
Sharron Backus	22	(1)
Badminton and Women	23	(1)
Baseball and Women	24	(1)
Basketball and Women	25	(3)
Joan Benoit	28	(1)
Biathlon--Summer and Winter	29	(3)
Bonnie Blair	32	(1)
Bobsledding and Women	33	(1)
Bowling and Women	34	(2)
Boxing	36	(1)
Pat Bradley	36	(1)
Valerie Brisco-Hooks	37	(1)
Earlene Brown	37	(1)
Karin Buchholz	38	(1)
Susan Butcher	38	(1)
Robin Byrd-Goad	39	(1)
Canoe-Kayak and Women	40	(1)
Cappy Productions	41	(1)
Jennifer Capriati	42	(1)
Careers in Sport: Agent	42	(1)
Careers in Sport: Athletic Director	43	(2)
Careers in Sport: Coaching	45	(2)
Careers in Sport: Color Analyst	47	(1)
Careers in Sport: Owning a Sports Business--Moving Comfort	47	(2)
Careers in Sport: Sports Information	49	(1)
Careers in Sport: Sports Medicine Physician	50	(1)
Careers in Sport: Sport Psychology	51	(1)
Joanne Carner	52	(1)
Connie Carpenter-Phinney	53	(1)
Florence Chadwick	53	(1)
Alice Coachman	54	(1)
Bessie Coleman	55	(1)
Nadia Comaneci	55	(1)
Competing with Boys: A Girl's View	56	(1)
Maureen Connolly	57	(1)
Jody Conradt	57	(1)
Julie Croteau	58	(1)
Curling and Women	59	(1)
Cycling and Women	60	(1)
Cycling and Women with Disabilities: Faster, Higher, Stronger	61	(3)
Isabelle Daniel	64	(1)
Deaf Women in Sport	64	(3)
Anita DeFrantz	67	(1)
Donna de Varona	68	(1)
Gail Devers	68	(1)
Judy Devlin	69	(1)
Mildred "Babe" Didrikson	69	(1)
Disabled Women and Sport	70	(4)
Diving and Women	74	(3)
Anne Donovan	77	(1)
Jean Driscoll	77	(1)
Drug Testing	77	(1)
Camille Duvall	78	(1)
Amelia Earhart	79	(1)
Gertrude Ederle	80	(1)
Teresa Edwards	81	(1)
Janie Eichkoff	81	(1)
Equestrian Events	82	(1)
Janet Evans	83	(1)
Chris Evert	84	(1)
Exercise and Elderly Women	85	(2)
Exercise and Women's Health: A Physician's View	87	(3)
Aeriwentha Mae Faggs	90	(1)
Female Athlete Triad	90	(2)
Fencing and Women	92	(3)
Lisa Fernandez	95	(1)
Barbara Ferrell	96	(1)
Field Hockey and Women	96	(1)
Figure Skating and Women	97	(3)
Fit and Fat: An Idea Whose Time Has Come	100	(3)
Fitness and Women	103	(1)
Benita Fitzgerald	104	(1)
Peggy Fleming	105	(1)
Julie Foudy	106	(1)
Fundraising and Women's Sport	106	(3)
Zina Garrison	109	(1)
Gender Differences and Performance	109	(5)
Gender Stereotypical Play: Consider the Consequences	114	(2)
Gender Verification	116	(1)
Althea Gibson	117	(1)
Girl Scouts of the United States of America	118	(1)
Girls Incorporated	119	(1)
Goal-Setting and Women	119	(1)
Diana Golden	120	(1)
Golf and Women	121	(1)
Christine Grant	122	(1)
Muriel Grossfeld	123	(1)
Janet Guthrie	123	(1)
Gymnastics: Artistic and Rhythmic	124	(3)
Halls of Fame	127	(2)
Dorothy Hamill	129	(1)
Mia Hamm	130	(1)
Sandra Haynie	131	(1)
Carol Heiss	131	(1)
Betty Hicks	132	(1)
History: Girls and Women in Sport, 1890 to 1972	133	(2)
Nancy Hogshead	135	(1)
Dianne Holum	136	(1)
Homophobia in Women's Sport	136	(2)
Flo Hyman	138	(2)
Ice Hockey for Women	140	(2)
Imagery: Using the Mind's Eye for Success	142	(2)
The Internet and Women in Sport	144	(3)
Barbara Jacket	147	(1)
Nell Jackson	148	(1)
Betty Jameson	148	(1)
Barbara Jones	148	(1)
Joan Joyce	149	(1)
Florence Griffith Joyner	149	(1)
Jackie Joyner-Kersee	149	(1)
Judo and Women	150	(3)
Rusty Kanokogi	153	(1)
Betsy King	154	(1)
Billie Jean King	154	(1)
Marilyn King	155	(1)
Maxine "Micki" King	156	(1)
Kodak All America Women's Basketball Team	156	(19)
Olga Korbut	175	(1)
Julie Krone	175	(2)
Lacrosse for Women	177	(1)
Marion Ladewig	178	(1)
Ladies Professional Golf Association: Hall of Fame	179	(1)
Latinas in Sport	180	(2)
Andrea Mead Lawrence	182	(1)
Lesbian Identity and Sport	182	(1)
Lisa Leslie	183	(1)
Nancy Lieberman-Cline	183	(1)
Rebecca Lobo	184	(1)
Nancy Lopez	185	(1)
Donna Lopiano	185	(1)
Lynnette Love	186	(1)
Luge and Women	186	(2)
Maccabiah Games	188	(3)
Helene Madison	191	(1)
Magazines: Early American Magazines and Their Role in Women's Sports History	191	(2)
Meg Mallon	193	(1)
Carol Mann	194	(1)
Madeline Manning Mims	194	(1)
Marathon for Women	194	(1)
Anne Marden	195	(1)
Margaret Matthews	196	(1)
Pat McCormick	196	(1)
Mildred McDaniel	196	(1)
Edith McGuire	196	(1)
Willa McGuire	197	(1)
Mary T. Meagher	197	(1)
The Media and Women's Sports	197	(2)
Media Images of the Female Athlete: Icons in Evolution	199	(3)
Men as Advocates for Women's Sports	202	(1)
Debbie Meyer-Reyes	203	(1)
Ann Meyers	204	(1)
Cheryl Miller	204	(1)
Moral Behavior in Sport: Considerations for Girls and Women	205	(2)
Motor Sports Racing	207	(1)
Motorcycling and Women	207	(1)
Margaret Thompson Murdock	208	(1)
National Association for Girls and Women in Sport (NAGWS)	209	(4)
National Collegiate Athletic Association	213	(1)
National Federation of State High School Associations	214	(4)
National Girls and Women in Sports Day	218	(1)
National Girls and Women in Sports Symposium	219	(1)
National Women's Law Center	219	(1)
Native American Women and Sport	220	(2)
Martina Navratilova	222	(1)
Patsy E. Neal and the Wayland "Flying Queens"	223	(1)
Mariah Burton Nelson	223	(1)
Paula Newby-Fraser	224	(1)
Diana Nyad	225	(2)
Olympic Games and Women	227	(5)
Audrey "Mickey" Patterson	232	(1)
Physical Capacity of Girls and Women	233	(1)
Jacquelin Pitts	234	(1)
Betsy Rawls	235	(1)
Research Centers for Girls and Women in Sport	235	(1)
Mary Lou Retton	236	(1)
Aileen Riggin	236	(1)
Louise Ritter	237	(1)
Robin Roberts	238	(1)
Sue Rodin	238	(1)
Diann Roffe-Steinrotter	239	(1)
Rowing	239	(2)
Rugby	241	(1)
Wilma Rudolph	242	(1)
Tracie Ruiz	242	(2)
Sailing and Women	244	(1)
Patty Sheehan	245	(1)
Pam Shriver	246	(1)
Skiing and Women	246	(2)
Skiing: Freestyle	248	(1)
Skill in Movement	249	(1)
Skydiving	250	(2)
Soccer	252	(2)
Socialization Influences: Girls and Women in Sport	254	(2)
Softball and Women	256	(1)
Special Olympics and Women	257	(2)
Speedskating	259	(2)
Lyn St. James	261	(2)
Dawn Staley	263	(1)
Cheryl Stearns	263	(1)
Lydia Stephans	264	(1)
Jan Stephenson	264	(1)
Lynne Stoessel-Ross	265	(1)
Toni Stone	265	(1)
Vivian Stringer	266	(1)
Dale Stuart	266	(1)
Louise Suggs	267	(1)
Pat Summitt	267	(1)
Swimming and Women	267	(3)
Kathrine Switzer	270	(1)
Sheryl Swoopes	271	(1)
Synchronized Swimming	272	(2)
Table Tennis and Women	274	(1)
Teacher Influences on Girls' Play	275	(1)
Team Handball	276	(1)
Television Docudrama: The Making of Frail Female Athletic Heroines	277	(2)
Tennis and Women: The History of Women in the Game	279	(3)
Debi Thomas	282	(1)
Title IX: Its Effects on Women in Sport	283	(1)
Gwen Torrence	284	(1)
Track and Field (Also Athletics)	285	(1)
Monica Tranel	286	(1)
Wyomia Tyus	287	(1)
UltraRunning	288	(2)
Amy Van Dyken	290	(1)
Lesley Visser	290	(1)
Volleyball and Women	291	(2)
Margaret Wade	293	(1)
Grete Waitz	293	(1)
Water Polo and Women	294	(1)
Martha Watson	295	(1)
Weightlifting and Women	296	(1)
Theresa Weld	296	(1)
Nera White	297	(1)
Willye B. White	297	(1)
Kathy Whitworth	297	(1)
Lucinda Williams	298	(1)
Winter Sports Foundation	298	(1)
Women in Sports and Events (WISE)	299	(1)
Women's International Bowling Congress	299	(1)
Women's Physical Education Philosophy and Athletics: Then and Now	300	(3)
Women's Sports Foundation History	303	(12)
Wrestling and Women	315	(2)
Mickey Wright	317	(1)
Kristi Yamaguchi	318	(1)
Sheila Young	319	(1)
Young Women's Christian Association of the USA: Grassroots Programs for Girls	319	(3)
Z - A Postscript: Freedom to Change	322	(3)
Suggested Readings	325	(8)
Selected Bibliography	333	(4)
Index	337