Endotoxin and Sepsis Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenesis, Host Resistance, and Therapy

by Levin, Jack; Pollack, Matthew; Yokochi, Takashi; Nakano, Masayasu

• ISBN13: 9780471194323
• ISBN10: 0471194328
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1998-04-30
• Publisher: Wiley-Liss

Summary

Progress in Clinical and Biological Research, Volume 397 ENDOTOXIN AND SEPSIS Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenesis, Host Resistance, and Therapy Proceedings of the Fourth Conference of the International Endotoxin Society Held in Nagoya, Japan, October 23-27, 1996 Jack Levin, Matthew Pollack, Takashi Yokochi, and Masayasu Nakano, Editors Recent breakthroughs in our understanding of the molecular biology of the human immune response have lead to important advances in the recognition and treatment of sepsis. Endotoxin and Sepsis: Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenesis, Host Resistance, and Therapy compiles the latest basic and clinical research on many aspects of sepsis, including sepsis/SIRS. It provides researchers and clinicians with an up-to-date overview of the critical data and concepts in this rapidly progressing field of inquiry. Featuring contributions by researchers and clinicians from around the world, this book presents papers covering a broad spectrum of specialized topics in the bacteriology, biochemistry, molecular and cellular interactions, pathophysiology, and pharmacodynamics of sepsis/SIRS. It also presents information on in vivo detection and potential new therapies that target sepsis and its cellular effects. Specific topics covered in Endotoxin and Sepsis: Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenesis, Host Resistance, and Therapy include: * Enzymes essential to the biosynthesis of Lipid A and their importance in the design of a new generation of antibiotics * Recent breakthroughs in the understanding of the role of CD-14 in cellular resistance to infection and its therapeutic implications * The role of Interleukin 6 in endotoxin-induced inflammatory response * The molecular mechanisms responsible for endotoxin tolerance * Unique chemical and biological features of LPS, and natural and synthetic LPS control mechanisms. Endotoxin and Sepsis: Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenesis, Host Resistance, and Therapy is must reading for laboratory and clinical microbiologists, immunologists, and other investigators studying bacterial endotoxins, and specialists in internal medicine. It will also be of interest to biotechnology and pharmaceutical researchers involved with the development of new drugs to combat sepsis.

Author Biography

Jack Levin and Matthew Pollack are the authors of Endotoxin and Sepsis: Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenesis, Host Resistance, and Therapy, published by Wiley.

Table of Contents

Contributors	xi	(8)
Acknowledgments	xix
Enzymes of Lipid A Biosynthesis: Targets for the Design of New Antibiotics	1	(14)
Christian R.H. Raetz
Biosynthesis of Escherichia coli 09 Polysaccharide and its Evolution	15	(8)
Nobuo Kido
Core Structure, of Enterobacterial Lipopolysaccharides	23	(14)
Otto Holst
Miriam Susskind
Dieter Grimmecke
Lore Brade
Helmut Brade
Unique Structural and Biological Features of Helicobacter pylori Lipopolysaccharides	37	(14)
Anthony P. Moran
Gerald O. Aspinall
What We Know and Don't Know about the Chemical and Physical Structure of Lipopolysaccharide in Relation to Biological Activity	51	(21)
Sven Muller-Loennies
Ulrich Zahringer
Ulrich Seydel
Shoichi Kusumoto
Artur J. Ulmer
Ernst Th. Rietschel
Roles for LBP and Soluble Cd14 in Cellular Uptake of LPS	72	(7)
Richard I. Tapping
Julie A. Gegner
Vladimir V. Kravchenko
Peter S. Tobias
Structure-Function Analysis of Soluble and Membrane-Bound CD14	79	(10)
Theo N. Kirkland
Suganya Viriyakosol
Roles of CD14 in LPS Signaling and Scavenging: Analysis of CD14-Transgenic and Non-Transgenic Mice and Rats in Response to LPS	89	(8)
Shunsuke Yamamoto
Yoichi Tamura
Yasunori Higuchi
Noriyuki Takai
Shin'ichiro Akizucki
Masashi Kataoka
Keiko Matsuura
The Role of Scavenger Receptors in LPS-Induced Macrophage Activation	97	(10)
Teruo Kirikae
Tatsuhiko Kodama
Fumiko Kirikae
Hiroshi Suzuki
Masayasu Nakano
The CD11/CD18 Integrins: Characterization of Three Novel LPS Signaling Receptors	107	(12)
Robin R. Ingalls
M. Amin Arnaout
Russell L. Delude
Steven Flaherty
Ricardo Savedra Jr.
Douglas T. Golenbock
The Role of Tyrosine Kinases and MAP Kinases in LPS-Induced Signaling	119	(18)
Anthony L. DeFranco
Mary T. Crowley
Alexander Finn
Julie Hambleton
Steven L. Weinstein
CD14 Dependent and Independent Signaling Pathways in Murine Macrophages from Normal and CD14 "Knockout" (CD14KO) Mice Stimulated with LPS or Taxol	137	(10)
Stefanie N. Vogel
Pin-Yu Perera
Gregory R. Detore
Nayantara Bhat
Joan M. Carboni
Alain Haziot
Sanna M. Goyert
ADP-Ribosylation: Role in LPS-Induced Phosphorylation of Two Cytosolic Proteins (p36/38) in Monocytes	147	(10)
Sunna Hauschildt
Arthur Jochen Ulmer
Hans-Dieter Flad
Telse Heyden
Holger Heine
CD14 Dependent Mechanisms of Cell Activation	157	(13)
Jiahuai Han
Jan Bohuslav
Yong Jiang
Vladimir V. Kravchenko
Jiing-Dwan Lee
Zhuang-Jie Li
John Mathison
Bettina Richter
Peter S. Tobias
Richard J. Ulevitch
Cytokine Regulation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells	170	(9)
Jonathan Cohen
Tom J. Evans
Jayne Spink
Detoxification of Lipopolysaccharide by Lysozyme	179	(12)
Naohito Ohno
Katsutoshi Takada
Takashi Kurasawa
Aihua Liang
Toshiro Yadomae
Role of Hepatocytes in the Clearance of Lipopolysaccharide and its Clinical Significance	191	(8)
Kyuichi Tanikawa
Yoshihiro Mimura
Shotaro Sakisaka
Kazunori Noguchi
Antibiotic-Mediated Release of Endotoxin and the Pathogenesis of Gram-Negative Sepsis	199	(10)
David C. Morrison
Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Endotoxin Tolerance	209	(8)
Barbara Yoza
Karen LaRue
Charles McCall
Endotoxin Tolerance Alters Macrophage Membrane Regulatory G Proteins	217	(10)
Michel Makhlouf
Bazilia Zingarelli
Perry V. Halushka
James A. Cook
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Antibodies Regulate Cellular Uptake of LPS and LPS Induced Proinflammatory Responses	227	(8)
Christopher A. Ohl
Matthew Pollack
Apoptotic Cell Death in Response to LPS	235	(8)
Takashi Yokochi
Akiko Morikawa
Yutaka Kato
Tsuyoshi Sugiyama
Naoki Koide
Stimulation of Human T Lymphocytes by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the Presence of Autologous and Heterologous Monocytes	243	(12)
Taila Mattern
Hans-Dieter Flad
Artur J. Ulmer
Role of CD14 in Infection: Studies in CD14-deficient Mice	255	(6)
Alain Haziot
Naoki Hijiya
Sanna M. Goyert
Reconciling the Concepts of Endotoxin Sensitization and Tolerance	261	(8)
Marina A. Freudenberg
Reinaldo Salomao
Andreas Sing
Ivan Mitov
Chris Galanos
Production of Nontoxic Lipid A by Chemical Modification and its Antagonistic Effect on LPS Activity	269	(12)
Ken-ichi Tanamoto
The Protective Effect of Prostaglandin E(1) on Endotoxin-Induced Hepatocyte Injury	281	(8)
Hiroshi Shimada
Akira Nakano
Haruki Kurosawa
Shiho Natori
Yuichi Fujii
Natural and Synthetic LPS and Lipid A Analogs or Partial Structures that Antagonize or Induce Tolerance to LPS	289	(12)
Nilofer Qureshi
Bruce Jarvis
Kuni Takayama
Nasreen Sattar
Jaroslav Hofman
Peter Stutz
The Molecular Basis for Therapeutic Concepts Utilizing CD14	301	(14)
Felix Stelter
Martin Bernheiden
Rene Menzel
Sabine Witt
Robert S. Jack
Uwe Grunwald
Xiaolong Fan
Christine Schutt
Natural and Synthetic Polypeptides that Recognize the Conserved Lipid A Binding Site of Lipopolysaccharides	315	(12)
Massimo Porro
Alessandro Rustici
Massimo Velucchi
Davide Agnello
Pia Villa
Pietro Ghezzi
Prevention of Endotoxin Shock through Targeting Leukocyte Adhesion Molecules	327	(8)
Hidemitsu Higashi
Naofumi Mukaida
Akihisa Harada
Shunichi Watanabe
Naoki Ikeda
Yasuo Suzuki
Kouji Matsushima
Suppression of TNF and other Proinflammatory Cytokines by the Tetravalent Guanylhydrazone CNI-1493	335	(10)
Kevin J. Tracey
Interaction of Lipopolysaccharide with a Mammalian Lyso-phosphatidate Acyltransferase (LPAAT) Transfected into E. coli, and Effect of Lisofylline on LPAAT Transfected into Mammalian Cells	345	(12)
Stuart L. Bursten
Role of Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species in Endotoxin Shock	357	(8)
Toshikazu Yoshikawa
Hirohisa Takano
Motoharu Kondo
The Role of Interleukin 6 in Endotoxin-Induced Inflammatory Responses	365	(14)
Tom van der Poll
Sander J.H. van Deventer
The Pathogenic Role of LBP in Gram-Negative Sepsis and Septic Shock	379	(8)
Didier Heumann
Sylvain Lengacher
Didier LeRoy
C. Victor Jongeneel
Michel Pierre Glauser
Index	387