End-to-End Quality of Service Over Heterogeneous Networks

by Braun, Torsten; Diaz, Michel; Enriquez-Gabeiras, Jose; Staub, Thomas

• ISBN13: 9783540791195
• ISBN10: 3540791191
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-09-01
• Publisher: Springer-Verlag New York Inc

Summary

"The book presents mechanisms, protocols, and system architectures to achieve end-to-end Quality-of-Service (QoS) over heterogeneous wired/wireless networks in the Internet. Particular focus is on measurement techniques, traffic engineering mechanisms and protocols, signalling protocols as well as transport protocol extensions to support fairness and QoS. It shows how those mechanisms and protocols can be combined into a comprehensive end-to-end QoS architecture to support QoS in the Internet over heterogeneous wired/wireless access networks. Finally, techniques for evaluation of QoS mechanisms such as simulation and emulation are presented." "The book is aimed at graduate and post-graduate students in Computer Science or Electrical Engineering with focus in data communications and networking as well as for professionals working in this area."--BOOK JACKET.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. v
Acknowledgements	p. vii
Acronyms	p. xv
Motivation and Basics	p. 1
Quality of Service and its Parameters	p. 1
Delay and Delay Variations in End-to-End Packet Delivery	p. 2
Bandwidth and Packet Loss Ratio	p. 3
Applications' QoS Requirements	p. 4
Types of Network Applications	p. 5
QoS Requirements of Applications	p. 6
Packet Scheduling in Network Elements	p. 8
(Non)Work-Conserving Scheduling Disciplines	p. 8
Fairness	p. 9
Scheduling Disciplines	p. 10
Packet Dropping	p. 11
Quality-of-Service Architectures	p. 12
Integrated Services	p. 12
Differentiated Services	p. 14
End-to-End QoS Mechanisms	p. 16
Implementation and Performance of QoS-aware Applications	p. 17
Prerequisites for Successful QoS Applications	p. 17
Media Scaling	p. 18
Applications' Performance Gain Due to QoS	p. 19
Summary	p. 20
Structure of the Book	p. 21
QoS Measurements in IP-based Networks	p. 23
Introduction	p. 23
Measurement Metrics	p. 24
Network Level	p. 24
Call level	p. 28
User Level	p. 29
Measurement Techniques	p. 33
Previous Considerations	p. 33
Base Techniques	p. 36
Active Measurements	p. 39
Passive Measurements	p. 44
Conclusions	p. 48
Traffic Engineering	p. 49
Introduction	p. 49
A Motivating Example	p. 50
Multi-Protocol Label Switching Architecture	p. 52
The Forwarding Component	p. 53
The Control Component	p. 54
MPLS Optimisation	p. 56
MPLS-Based Traffic Engineering	p. 58
Constraint-Based Routing	p. 58
Explicit Route Signalling	p. 61
Traffic Engineering Practices	p. 64
Traffic Engineering and Quality of Service	p. 66
QoS Support over MPLS	p. 67
Traffic Engineering Extensions for DiffServ	p. 70
Conclusions	p. 73
Signalling	p. 75
Introduction	p. 75
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)	p. 76
SIP and Its Value Propositions	p. 76
Protocol Components	p. 77
SIP Messages	p. 80
Session Description	p. 82
Establishment of an SIP Session	p. 83
SIP's Extension	p. 86
The Next Steps In Signalling (NSIS)	p. 86
Background and Main Characteristics	p. 86
Overview of Signalling Scenarios and Protocol Structure	p. 89
The NSIS Layer Transport Protocol	p. 91
Common Open Policy Service (COPS)	p. 98
COPS Overview	p. 98
Basic Model	p. 99
COPS Protocol	p. 100
COPS Messages	p. 102
Common Operation	p. 106
Using Examples: COPS for RSVP	p. 107
Conclusions	p. 109
Enhanced Transport Protocols	p. 111
Introduction	p. 111
State of the Art of Transport Protocols	p. 112
TCP and UDP	p. 113
TCP Evolution	p. 113
SCTP	p. 116
DCCP	p. 117
Discussion	p. 117
Transport Mechanisms	p. 118
Overview	p. 118
Congestion-Control Mechanisms	p. 119
Reliability Mechanisms	p. 120
Discussion	p. 122
Enhanced Transport Protocol Mechanisms	p. 122
TFRC and gTFRC, a QoS-Aware Congestion Control	p. 122
Application-Aware Transport Mechanisms	p. 123
Conclusions	p. 129
The EuQoS System	p. 131
Introduction	p. 132
Architecture	p. 133
Goals and Requirements	p. 133
Functional Blocks and their Main Functions	p. 134
Control Plane Elements: RM and RA	p. 137
Provisioning, Invocation, and Operation, Administration and Management	p. 139
Provisioning Process	p. 140
Invocation Process	p. 145
Operation, Administration and Management	p. 149
End-to-End Classes of Service in Heterogeneous Networks	p. 149
End-to-end Classes of Service in EuQoS	p. 150
QoS Mechanisms and Algorithms for Specification of e2e Classes of Service	p. 153
Implementation of e2e Classes of Service in Underlying Technologies	p. 155
EuQoS Enhanced Transport Protocol	p. 161
Introduction	p. 161
Enhanced Transport Protocol Services for EuQoS	p. 161
Services for Streaming/Nonstreaming Applications	p. 162
Multicast	p. 163
Application Layer Multicast	p. 165
Application Layer Multicast in the EuQoS System	p. 166
Multicast Middleware	p. 168
Introducing QoS to Multicast Middleware	p. 170
Telemedicine Application	p. 172
Telemedicine-the Case for Application-Driven QoS	p. 172
Overview of Medigraf	p. 173
Medigraf Adaptation to EuQoS	p. 174
Conclusions	p. 176
Summary and Outlook	p. 179
Implementing Protocols on Network Simulators	p. 181
Main Simulation Terms and Concepts	p. 181
Simulation Process	p. 182
Simulation Types	p. 182
Network Simulation	p. 183
Parallel/Distributed versus Serial Execution of Simulations	p. 183
Packet-Level, Fluid-Based and Hybrid Model Simulation	p. 184
Simulation Speedup	p. 185
Network Simulation in Research	p. 185
Simulation for Education Purposes	p. 186
Network Simulators	p. 187
GloMoSim and Qualnet	p. 187
JiST/SWANS	p. 187
Scalable Simulation Framework (SSF) and SSFNet	p. 188
OMNeT++ and OMNEST	p. 188
The Network Simulator ns-2	p. 188
The Language Concept	p. 189
Hierarchical Structure	p. 189
First Steps-Simulation Script Template	p. 190
Nodes, Links and Traffic	p. 191
Wireless Networks	p. 193
Implementing Protocols with ns-2	p. 196
Advice for Running ns-2 Simulations	p. 214
Analysing Methods	p. 215
Network Emulation Focusing on QoS-Oriented Satellite Communication	p. 217
Network Emulation Basics	p. 217
Introduction to Network Emulation	p. 217
What is Network Emulation?	p. 219
Why Use Network Emulation?	p. 222
Requirements for Emulation Systems	p. 223
Network Emulation System Approaches	p. 226
Case Study: Emulation of QoS-oriented Satellite Communication	p. 236
Introduction	p. 236
DVB Satellite Communications	p. 236
QoS Support for Satellite Network Systems	p. 238
Emulation of a DVB-S, DVB-RCS Satellite System	p. 239
Conclusions	p. 247
References	p. 249
Index	p. 261
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