Energy Law In A Nutshell

by Tomain, Joseph P.; Cudahy, Richard D.

• ISBN13: 9780314150585
• ISBN10: 0314150587
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-11-18
• Publisher: West Group

Summary

Addresses the component parts of the energy fuel cycle, as well as the market and government policies that oversee it. Natural resource law consists of public lands, environmental law, environmental assessment, mineral law, timber law, and water law. Chapters cover the laws in the resources market, resource management, resource protection, resource production, distribution, and energy resources.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CASES	xiii
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1. ENERGY ECONOMICS
A. Introduction	5	(9)
1. Behavioral Assumptions	6	(3)
2. Positive and Normative Economics	9	(1)
3. Understanding Property	10	(7)
a. Private Goods	11	(1)
b. Common Goods	12	(1)
c. Public Goods	13	(1)
B. Market Virtues	14	(3)
C. Market Operations	17	(9)
1. Demand	17	(1)
2. Supply	18	(1)
3. Equilibrium	19	(2)
4. Costs	21	(2)
5. Marginal Revenue	23	(2)
6. Price Elasticity of Demand	25	(1)
D. Market Failures	26	(6)
1. Monopoly	26	(3)
2. Rent Control	29	(1)
3. Externalities	29	(1)
4. Information Costs	30	(1)
5. Excessive Competition	30	(1)
6. Scarce Resource Allocation	31	(1)
7. Rationalization	31	(1)
8. Paternalism	31	(1)
9. Moral Hazard	32	(1)
E. Economics and Regulation	32	(1)
F. The Regulatory Life Cycle	33	(5)
CHAPTER 2. ENERGY POLICY
A. Energy Facts	38	(1)
B. Energy Overview	39	(9)
C. National Energy Policy	48	(16)
1. 1887-1900	50	(1)
2. 1900-1920	51	(4)
3. 1920-1933	55	(2)
4. The New Deal Era to World War II	57	(2)
5. Post-World War II to 1973	59	(5)
a. Coal	60	(1)
b. Natural Gas	60	(2)
c. Oil	62	(1)
d. Nuclear Energy	63	(1)
D. Presidents Carter and Reagan Test the Dominant Model, 1973-1988	64	(5)
1. President Carter and Centralized Energy Policy	65	(2)
2. President Reagan and Deregulation	67	(2)
E. 1992-Present	69	(3)
F. The Dominant Model of Energy Policy	72	(4)
CHAPTER 3. THE ADMINISTRATION OF ENERGY REGULATION
A. An Introduction to Administrative Law	76	(2)
B. A Critique of Administrative Law	78	(4)
C. The Administrative Procedure Act	82	(8)
1. Adjudication under the APA	84	(3)
2. Rulemaking	87	(3)
D. Judicial Review	90	(11)
E. Federal Energy Regulation	101	(6)
1. Department of Energy	102	(1)
2. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)	103	(1)
3. Other Energy-related Agencies	104	(3)
F. Energy Regulation by the States	107	(3)
1. The Historical Roots of State Regulation	107	(3)
G. Constitutional Principles Affecting Regulatory Jurisdiction	110	(7)
1. Commerce Clause	110	(2)
2. The Supremacy Clause	112	(1)
3. The Takings Clause	113	(4)
CHAPTER 4. ENERGY DECISIONMAKING
A. Public Utility Regulation	117	(3)
B. The Theory of Natural Monopoly	120	(2)
C. Ratemaking Goals	122	(8)
1. Capital-Attraction Function	123	(2)
2. Reasonably Priced Energy	125	(1)
3. The Efficiency Incentive Function	126	(1)
4. The Demand Control or Consumer Rationing Function	126	(2)
5. Income Transfer Function	128	(2)
D. The Rate Formula	130	(6)
1. Operating Expenses	130	(1)
2. Rate Base	131	(5)
3. Rate of Return	136	(1)
E. Contemporary Ratemaking Issues	136	(8)
1. Marginal Cost Pricing	137	(2)
2. Incentive Rates	139	(2)
3. Market-Based Rates	141	(1)
4. Stranded Costs	141	(3)
F. Cost-Benefit Analysis	144	(10)
1. Introduction	144	(3)
2. Applying CBA	147	(11)
a. Identification	147	(1)
b. Risk Analysis	148	(1)
c. Quantification	149	(2)
d. Presentation	151	(1)
e. Critiques of Cost-Benefit Analysis	151
CHAPTER 5. OIL
A. Industry Overview	154	(4)
B. Regulatory Overview	158	(9)
1. State Regulation	158	(2)
2. Early Federal Regulation	160	(7)
C. The Era of Price, Allocation and Entitlement Controls, 1970-1980	167	(12)
1. Price Controls	167	(5)
2. Allocation Controls and Entitlements Controls	172	(3)
3. Enforcement	175	(2)
4. Price Decontrol	177	(2)
D. Federal Lands	179	(4)
1. Onshore Oil	179	(1)
2. Offshore Lands	180	(3)
E. Oil and the Environment	183	(7)
CHAPTER 6. NATURAL GAS
A. Industry Overview	190	(9)
B. Regulatory Overview	199	(14)
1. Early Regulation	200	(1)
2. Traditional Federal Regulation	201	(5)
3. Phillips Petroleum Co.	206	(3)
4. The Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978 (NGPA)	209	(2)
5. Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act	211	(2)
C. Post NGPA Regulation	213	(7)
1. Take-or-Pay Contracts	213	(1)
2. FERC Natural Gas Initiatives	214	(6)
D. The Future of the Natural Gas Industry and Its Regulation	220	(4)
CHAPTER 7. COAL
A. Industry Overview	224	(6)
B. Regulatory Overview	230	(10)
1. Federal Lands	230	(2)
2. Coal Conversion	232	(1)
3. Mine Health and Safety	233	(3)
4. Land Reclamation	236	(4)
C. Clean Air	240	(5)
D. Coal Transportation	245	(4)
1. Rail Transportation	245	(2)
2. Coal Slurry Pipelines	247	(2)
E. Global Warming	249	(4)
F. The Future of Coal	253	(4)
CHAPTER 8. ELECTRICITY
A. Industry Overview	257	(7)
B. Regulatory Overview	264	(10)
1. Competition 1882-1905	265	(1)
2. Concentration: 1920-1935	266	(1)
3. Regulation: 1935-1965	266	(4)
4. Regulatory Failure: 1965-1980	270	(1)
5. PURPA's Surprise: Increased Competition	271	(3)
C. The Current Situation in the Electric Industry	274	(11)
1. The Energy Policy Act of 1992	275	(1)
2. FERC Initiatives	276	(9)
D. An Industry in Crisis	285	(11)
1. California	285	(4)
2. Enron	289	(5)
3. Blackout	294	(2)
E. The Electricity Future	296	(3)
CHAPTER 9. NUCLEAR POWER
A. Industry Overview	299	(2)
B. Regulatory Overview	301	(7)
1. Legislation	301	(5)
2. Nuclear Power and the Courts	306	(2)
C. Licensing	308	(2)
D. Reactor Safety	310	(5)
E. Radioactivity	315	(9)
1. Low-Level Waste	315	(2)
2. Uranium Mill Tailings	317	(1)
3. High-Level Waste	318	(1)
4. Transportation	319	(1)
5. Nuclear Waste Policy Act	320	(4)
6. Decommissioning	324	(1)
F. Plant Cancellations and Abandonments	324	(5)
G. The Future of Nuclear Power	329	(3)
CHAPTER 10. HYDROPOWER
A. Industry Overview	332	(3)
B. Regulatory Overview	335	(3)
C. Federal Jurisdiction	338	(3)
D. Licensing	341	(14)
1. Federal Power Act	341	(4)
2. Environmental Laws	345	(3)
3. Small Hydropower Projects and the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act	348	(2)
4. The Electric Consumer Protection Act	350	(5)
CHAPTER 11. ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES
A. Renewable Resources	355	(12)
1. Solar Energy	358	(2)
2. Wind Energy	360	(2)
3. Biomass and Alcohol Fuels	362	(2)
4. Geothermal	364	(3)
B. Conservation and Energy Efficiency	367	(3)
1. Conservation	367	(2)
2. Energy Efficiency	369	(1)
C. Alternatives to Traditional Energy Sources	370	(4)
1. Distributed Generation	370	(1)
2. Synthetic Fuels	371	(3)
D. Alternative Energy Policies	374	(8)
1. Energy Futures	377	(3)
2. An Alternative Energy Policy: The Sustainable Development Model	380	(2)
E. Conclusion	382	(3)
INDEX	385