Energy-Efficient Motor Systems: A Handbook on Technology, Program, and Policy Opportunities

by Nadel, Steven; Elliott, R. Neal; Shepard, Michael; Greenberg, Steve; Katz, Gail; De Almeida, Anibal T.; Nadel, Steven; American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy

• ISBN13: 9780918249401
• ISBN10: 0918249406
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-04-01
• Publisher: Amer Council for an Energy

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	v
Dedication	vii
List of Figures	xiii
List of Tables	xxi
Overview and Summary	1	(12)
Touring a Motor System	1	(5)
A Note on Lost Opportunities	6	(1)
Barriers to Drivepower Savings	6	(4)
Overcoming the Hurdles	10	(3)
Motor Technologies	13	(74)
Principles of Induction Motors	14	(5)
Types of Induction Motors	19	(2)
Factors to Consider in Selecting Induction Motors	21	(11)
Other Types of Motors	32	(8)
Characteristics of Commercially Available Motors	40	(21)
Motor Failure	61	(9)
Economics of Energy-Efficient Motors	70	(12)
Field Measurements of Motor Load and Efficiency	82	(2)
Summary	84	(3)
System Considerations	87	(38)
Power Supply Quality	87	(8)
System Oversizing	95	(7)
Distribution Network Losses	102	(6)
Load Management and Cycling: General Considerations	108	(4)
Transmission	112	(8)
Maintenance	120	(4)
Summary	124	(1)
Motor Control Technologies	125	(34)
Introduction	125	(3)
Speed-Control Technologies Other than Electronic ASDs	128	(8)
Characteristics of Electronic Adjustable-Speed Drives	136	(4)
Applications of ASDs	140	(6)
Trends and Developments in ASD Technology	146	(1)
Economics of Speed Controls	147	(2)
ASD Case Studies	149	(4)
Other Controls	153	(3)
Summary	156	(3)
Motor Applications	159	(34)
Fans and Pumps	159	(17)
Compressed-Air Systems	176	(12)
Other Motor Applications	188	(3)
Summary	191	(2)
A Profile of the Motor Population and Its Use	193	(28)
Data Sources and Limitations	193	(1)
Motor Sales, Population, Distribution, and Use by Size and Type	194	(4)
Distribution by Design, Speed Frame, and Enclosure	198	(4)
Duty Factor	202	(2)
Load Factor and Motor Sizing	204	(2)
Motor Life	206	(1)
Saturation of High-Efficiency Motors	206	(3)
Use of Adjustable-Speed Drives	209	(2)
Motor Energy Input by Sector, Industry, and End-Use	211	(9)
Additional Data on Small Motors	220	(1)
Estimating the National Savings Potential in Motor Systems	221	(18)
Induction Motor Improvements	222	(4)
Opportunities for System Improvements	226	(4)
Improvements to Synchronous and DC Motor Systems	230	(1)
Electrical Tune-Ups	231	(1)
Better Mechanical Drivetrain Equipment and Lubrication	232	(1)
Indirect Savings	233	(1)
Adding Up the Savings	234	(5)
The Motor Market	239	(32)
End-Users and Customers	240	(11)
Motor Manufacturers	251	(3)
Motor Distributors and Repair-Rewind Shops	254	(2)
Original Equipment Manufacturers	256	(4)
Fans, Pumps, and Compressors	260	(2)
Consulting Engineers and Design-Build Contractors	262	(1)
Control Equipment Manufacturers, Distributors, and Representatives	263	(3)
Mechanical Equipment Representatives and Distributors	266	(1)
Electric Utilities, Universities, Government Agencies, and Trade and Professional Associations	266	(1)
Summary	267	(4)
Programs to Promote Motor System Efficiency Improvements	271	(60)
Program Paradigms	271	(1)
Market Transformation	272	(6)
Market Segments and Market Events	278	(2)
Program Approaches for Specific Products	280	(37)
Cross-Cutting Program Approaches	317	(11)
Summary	328	(3)
Recommendations	331	(14)
Programs and Policies	331	(9)
Education	340	(1)
Research; Development, and Demonstration	341	(3)
Conclusions	344	(1)
References	345	(20)
About the Authors	365	(2)
Abbreviations/Acronyms	367	(6)
APPENDIX A Economics	373	(38)
Economic Concepts	373	(9)
Estimating Costs and Benefits	382	(9)
Adjustable-Speed Drives	391	(14)
Oversized Wiring as a Conservation Measure	405	(2)
Drivetrains	407	(4)
APPENDIX B Motor Provisions in the Energy Policy Act of 1992	411	(10)
Covered Equipment	411	(2)
Determination of Efficiency	413	(1)
Certification of Compliance	413	(5)
Enforcement	418	(3)
APPENDIX C Glossary	421	(26)
APPENDIX D Equipment Manufacturers and Associations	447	(6)
Motor and Drive Manufacturers	447	(1)
Manufacturers of Motor System Test and Repair Equipment	448	(2)
Trade and Professional Associations Related to Motors and Drives	450	(3)
Annotated Bibliography	453	(12)
Index	465