Summary

The book introduces readers to a broad range of important design topics. It provides numerous cases that illustrate both successes and failures in engineering design; qualitative presentation of engineering practices are easily understood by readers with little technical knowledge, and analytical techniques are given that allow the development and evaluation of proposed engineering solutions.Coverage includes: an overview of engineering design, needs assessment, structuring the search for the problem, structuring the search for a solution (design goals and specifications), acquiring and applying technical knowledge, abstraction and modeling, synthesis, ethics and product liability issues, and hazards analysis and failure analysis.An excellent handbook for design engineers.

Preface	p. xix
Acknowledgments	p. xxix
Engineering Design	p. 1
Objectives	p. 1
Definitions of Engineering	p. 2
The Engineering Design Process	p. 5
Nth-Generation Designs	p. 8
Current Practices in Engineering Design	p. 9
Writing Technical Reports	p. 12
Teamwork	p. 18
The Value of Perseverance in Design	p. 24
Summary	p. 26
Problems	p. 27
Additional Case Histories
Needs Assessment	p. 53
Objectives	p. 53
Establishing Need	p. 54
Service to Humanity	p. 59
Types of Problems: Prediction, Explanation, Invention	p. 59
Focusing on Others: The Key to Success	p. 60
The Design Proposal	p. 62
Summary	p. 67
Problems	p. 67
Additional Case Histories
Structuring the Search for the Problem	p. 87
Objectives	p. 87
Focus on Function	p. 88
Formulating the Real Problem	p. 90
Kepner-Tregoe Situation Analysis	p. 101
Summary	p. 108
Problems	p. 108
Additional Case Histories
Structuring the Search for a Solution: Design Goals and Specifications	p. 115
Objectives	p. 115
The Need to Structure Your Search for a Solution	p. 117
Designing the Search Strategy	p. 117
Subdividing the Problem into Design Goals	p. 122
Working within Quantitative Constraints: Design Specs	p. 136
Ergonomic Constraints in Design	p. 138
Summary	p. 149
Problems	p. 149
Additional Case Histories
Acquiring, Applying, and Protecting Technical Knowledge	p. 169
Objectives	p. 169
Science: The Foundation of Technical Knowledge	p. 171
Sources of Technical Knowledge	p. 194
Protection of Intellectual Property	p. 195
Patents	p. 205
Summary	p. 212
Problems	p. 213
Additional Case Histories
Abstraction and Modeling	p. 229
Objectives	p. 229
Abstraction	p. 230
Importance of Modeling in Abstraction and Design	p. 233
Models as Purposeful Representations	p. 234
Model Formats and Types	p. 235
Approximations and Occam's Razor	p. 238
Developing a Model	p. 239
Sketching	p. 240
Functional Graphs and Charts	p. 246
Finite Element, Process Simulation, and Solid Models	p. 256
System and Process Models	p. 258
Model Enhancement	p. 261
Summary	p. 262
Problems	p. 262
Additional Case Histories
Synthesis	p. 273
Objectives	p. 273
Synthesis in Engineering Design	p. 275
Barriers to Synthesis	p. 278
Design by Accident?	p. 282
Creativity Stimulation Techniques	p. 284
Morphological Charts	p. 296
Summary	p. 297
Problems	p. 298
Additional Case Histories
Ethics and Product Liability Issues	p. 315
Objectives	p. 315
Ethical and Legal Considerations in Design	p. 317
Modern Engineering Codes of Ethics: Self-Regulation	p. 323
Common Violations	p. 324
Resolving Conflicts Among the Guidelines	p. 329
Product Liability: The Legal Costs of Failures	p. 330
Principles of Product Liability Law	p. 335
Designing against Foreseeable Uses and Misuses	p. 340
Anticipating the Effects of Change in a Product	p. 341
Summary	p. 342
Problems	p. 343
Additional Case Histories
Hazards Analysis and Failure Analysis	p. 351
Objectives	p. 351
Failures in Engineering	p. 353
Three Levels of Failure	p. 357
Dealing with Hazards	p. 364
Hazards Analysis	p. 369
Hazards Avoidance	p. 377
Summary	p. 380
Problems	p. 381
Additional Case Histories
Design Analysis	p. 403
Objectives	p. 403
Evaluating Alternative Designs	p. 404
Rank-Ordering the Design Goals	p. 405
Assigning Weighting Factors to Design Goals	p. 407
Rating the Alternative Designs	p. 409
Decision Matrix	p. 410
Kepner-Tregoe Decision Analysis and Potential Problem Analyses	p. 411
Value and Subjectivity of a Decision Matrix	p. 414
Economic Analysis	p. 416
Summary	p. 422
Problems	p. 422
Additional Case Histories
Implementation	p. 429
Objectives	p. 429
Transforming a Design Concept into Reality	p. 430
Concurrent Engineering and Design for X	p. 433
Poor Implementation Can Lead to Failure	p. 447
Materials Selection in Design	p. 448
Common Fabrication Materials	p. 453
Importance of Materials Testing	p. 461
Manufacturing Processes	p. 464
Construction Processes	p. 469
Summary	p. 474
Problems	p. 475
Additional Case Histories
Appendixes
Design Project Assignment Template	p. 489
Case Problems	p. 505
Additional Case Problem Topics and Project Themes	p. 571
The NSPE Code of Ethics for Engineers	p. 577
Bibliography	p. 581
Index	p. 593
Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved.

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Excerpts

Rationale for the TextEngineering by Designis intended to serve a multiplicity of functions while conveying the excitement and sheer fun of solving technical problems in creative yet practical ways. It provides an introduction to the engineering profession through numerous case histories that illustrate various aspects of the design process. This is important because students can come to appreciate the interdisciplinary aspects of engineering problem solving as they work with case problems or review case histories in design which demonstrate (sometimes in a very startling but effective manner) valuable lessons in engineering practice.Many engineering colleges are continuing to revise their curricula in response to the ABET 2000 accreditation requirements. Various design and manufacturing topics are being integrated more into undergraduate engineering programs, and new mechanisms for delivering this course material are being developed with a general focus upon experiential learning by undergraduates.Engineering by Designhas been developed as an aid for these important efforts. It is written in a way that I hope will be both engaging and accessible to students while maintaining the accuracy and rigor that one would expect of an engineering textbook.Freshmen and sophomores often have little substantive knowledge of professional engineering practice; indeed, these students may have many misconceptions about the actual work that engineers perform and the types of problems with which they wrestle. The initial chapters and case histories of this book will give students a limited but informed understanding of the engineering profession. Later material (including case problems through which students can apply their newly acquired knowledge of design) then broadens and deepens this understanding, and this material can be used in a wide variety of courses including senior capstone project classes. A list of appropriate courses is given later in this preface.Through this approach, students discover the need to formulate problems correctly work successfully in interdisciplinary teams develop their creativity, imagination, and analytical skills make informed ethical decisions hone their written and oral communication skillsMost important, they learn that engineering is a service profession, dedicated to satisfying humanity's needs through responsible, methodical, and creative problem solving.This second edition ofEngineering by Designincludes expanded coverage of several important topics, including teamwork skills and tools, Gantt charts, problem formulation strategies, engineering graphics and sketching, and creativity stimulation techniques. Moreover, numerous additional case histories have been incorporated into the text. Structure Case HistoriesEngineering By Designintroduces students to such critical design topics as needs assessment, problem formulation, modeling, patents, abstraction and synthesis, economic analysis, product liability, ergonomics, engineering ethics, hazards analysis, design for X, materials selection, and manufacturing processes. The engineering design process provides the skeletal structure for the text, around which are wrapped numerous case histories that illustrate both successes and failures in engineering design.According to Larry Richards, Director of the Center for Computer Aided Engineering at the University of Virginia, engineering cases generally fall into one of three categories. They are case studies, case histories, and case problems. Acase studypresents an ideal or benchmark solution that may serve as a model for future work. In contrast, acase historydescribes how a problem was solved, and points out the consequences of the decisions that were made. This text contains numerous case histories; the more extensive ones have been collected