Engineering Drawing for Manufacture

by Griffiths

• ISBN13: 9781857180336
• ISBN10: 185718033X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-10-06
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

The processes of manufacture and assembly are based on the communication of engineering information via drawing. These drawings follow rules laid down in national and international standards. The organisation responsible for the international rules is the International Standards Organisation (ISO). There are hundreds of ISO standards on engineering drawing because drawing is very complicated and accurate transfer of information must be guaranteed. The information contained in an engineering drawing is a legal specification, which contractor and sub-contractor agree to in a binding contract. The ISO standards are designed to be independent of any one language and thus much symbology is used to overcome any reliance on any language. Companies can only operate efficiently if they can guarantee the correct transmission of engineering design information for manufacturing and assembly. This book is a short introduction to the subject of engineering drawing for manufacture. It should be noted that standards are updated on a 5-year rolling programme and therefore students of engineering drawing need to be aware of the latest standards. This book is unique in that it introduces the subject of engineering drawing in the context of standards.

Table of Contents

Introduction	ix
List of Symbols	xi
List of Abbreviations	xiii
Principles of Engineering Drawing	1	(22)
Introduction	1	(1)
Technical Product Documentation	2	(1)
The much-loved BS 308	3	(1)
Drawing as a language	4	(2)
The danger of visual illusions	6	(3)
Representation, visualization and specification	9	(3)
Representation and visualization	9	(2)
Representation and specification	11	(1)
Requirements of engineering drawings	12	(6)
Sizes and layout of drawing sheets	13	(3)
Types of drawings	16	(2)
Manual and machine drawing	18	(5)
References and further reading	21	(2)
Projection Methods	23	(21)
Introduction	23	(1)
Perspective projection	24	(1)
Axonometric projection	25	(2)
Isometric projection	27	(2)
Oblique projection	29	(2)
Orthographic projection	31	(7)
Third angle projection	31	(5)
First angle projection	36	(1)
Projection lines	37	(1)
Why are first and third angle projections so named?	38	(1)
Sectional views	39	(2)
Number of views	41	(3)
References and further reading	43	(1)
ISO Drawing Rules	44	(21)
Introduction	44	(1)
Example of drawing a small hand vice	44	(3)
Line types and thicknesses	47	(6)
Sectioning or cross-hatching lines	53	(1)
Leader lines	54	(1)
Dimension lines	54	(3)
The decimal marker	57	(1)
Lettering, symbols and abbreviations	57	(1)
Representation of common parts and features	58	(3)
Adjacent parts	58	(1)
Flats on cylindrical or shaped surfaces	58	(1)
Screw threads	59	(1)
Splines and serrations	60	(1)
Gears	60	(1)
Springs	60	(1)
Bearings	61	(1)
Seals	61	(1)
Item references and lists	61	(1)
Colours	62	(1)
Draughtman's licence	62	(3)
References and further reading	63	(2)
Dimensions, Symbols and Tolerances	65	(23)
Introduction	65	(1)
Dimension definitions	65	(3)
Functional and non-functional dimensions	66	(1)
Auxiliary dimensions	67	(1)
Features	67	(1)
Datums	67	(1)
Types of dimensioning	68	(6)
Linear and angular dimensioning	69	(4)
Unacceptable dimensioning practice	73	(1)
Symbology	74	(4)
Variation of features	78	(3)
Tolerancing dimensions	81	(3)
The legal implications of tolerancing	84	(1)
The implications of tolerances for design	84	(2)
Manufacturing variability and tolerances	86	(2)
References and further reading	87	(1)
Limits, Fits and Geometrical Tolerancing	88	(23)
Introduction	88	(1)
Relationship to functional performance	88	(2)
Relationship to manufacturing processes	90	(2)
ISO tolerance ranges	92	(2)
Limits and fits	94	(6)
Fit systems	96	(1)
The `shaft basis' and the `hole basis' system of fits	96	(2)
Fit types and categories	98	(2)
Geometry and tolerances	100	(4)
Geometric tolerances	104	(5)
Tolerance boxes, zones and datums	104	(1)
Geometric tolerance classes	104	(5)
GTs in real life	109	(2)
References and further reading	110	(1)
Surface Finish Specification	111	(23)
Introduction	111	(1)
Roughness and waviness	112	(1)
Measuring the surface finish	113	(3)
Sample length and evaluation length	113	(1)
Filters	114	(2)
Surface finish characterization	116	(7)
2D roughness parameters	118	(1)
2D amplitude parameters	118	(2)
2D amplitude distribution parameters	120	(2)
2D spacing parameters	122	(1)
2D slope parameters	122	(1)
Tolerances applied to the assessment of surface finish	123	(1)
Method of indicating surface finish and texture	124	(6)
3D surface characterization	130	(1)
Surface finish specification in the real world	130	(4)
References and further reading	132	(2)
Appendix: Typical Examination Questions	134	(24)
Background and Rationale of the Series	158	(2)
Index	160