The Engineering Handbook

by Dorf, Richard C.

• ISBN13: 9780849383441
• ISBN10: 0849383447
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1996-02-01
• Publisher: CRC Pr I Llc

Summary

The purpose of this book is to provide in a single volume a ready reference for the practicing engineer in industry, government, and academia. The book in its comprehensive format is divided into 30 sections which encompass the field of engineering. The goal is to provide the most up-to-date information in the classical fields that comprise mechanical, electrical, civil, chemical, industrial, and aerospace engineering as well as the underlying fields of mathematics and materials.

Table of Contents

SECTION I Statics
Introduction	1	(1)
Russell C. Hibbeler
Force-System Resultants and Equilibrium	2	(13)
Russell C. Hibbeler
Force-System Resultants	2	(4)
Equilibrium	6	(9)
Centroids and Distributed Forces	15	(11)
Walter D. Pilkey
L. Kitis
Centroid of a Plane Area	15	(2)
Centroid of a Volume	17	(1)
Surface Forces	18	(1)
Line Forces	18	(1)
Calculation of Surface Area and Volume of a Body with Rotational Symmetry	19	(1)
Determination of Centroids	20	(6)
Moments of Inertia	26	(17)
J. L. Meriam
Area Moments of Inertia	26	(6)
Mass Moments of Inertia	32	(9)
SECTION II Mechanics of Materials
Introduction	41	(2)
Ted L. Anderson
Reactions	43	(9)
Thalia Anagnos
Types of Supports	43	(1)
Actual versus Idealized Support Conditions	44	(3)
Static Determinacy and Indeterminacy	47	(2)
Computation of Reactions	49	(3)
Bending Stresses in Beams	52	(8)
James M. Gere
Longitudinal Strains in Beams	52	(2)
Normal Stresses in Beams (Linearly Elastic Materials)	54	(6)
Shear Stresses in Beams	60	(8)
James M. Gere
Shear Stresses in Rectangular Beams	60	(3)
Shear Stresses in Circular Beams	63	(1)
Shear Stresses in the Webs of Beams with Flanges	64	(4)
Shear and Moment Diagrams	68	(7)
George R. Buchanan
Sign Convention	68	(1)
Shear and Moment Diagrams	68	(2)
Shear and Moment Equations	70	(5)
Columns	75	(8)
Loren W. Zachary
John B. Ligon
Fundamentals	75	(3)
Examples	78	(3)
Other Forms of Instability	81	(2)
Pressure Vessels	83	(7)
Earl Livingston
Rudolph J. Scavuzzo
Design Criteria	83	(2)
Design Formulas	85	(1)
Opening Reinforcement	86	(4)
Axial Loads and Torsion	90	(11)
Nelson R. Bauld, Jr.
Axially Loaded Bars	90	(5)
Torsion	95	(6)
Fracture Mechanics	101	(10)
Ted L. Anderson
Fundamental Concepts	101	(1)
The Energy Criterion	102	(1)
The Stress Intensity Approach	103	(1)
Time-Dependent Crack Growth and Damage Tolerance	104	(1)
Effect of Material Properties on Fracture	105	(4)
SECTION III Dynamics and Vibration
Introduction	109	(2)
Bruce Karnopp
Dynamics of Particles: Kinematics and Kinetics	111	(10)
Bruce Karnopp
Dynamics of Particles	111	(4)
Newton's Second Law	115	(1)
Moment of Momentum Relations	115	(1)
Momentum Integrals of Newton's Second Law	116	(1)
Work-Energy Integral of Newton's Second Law	117	(3)
Conclusion	120	(1)
Dynamics of Rigid Bodies: Kinematics and Kinetics	121	(12)
Ashraf A. Zeid
R. R. Beck
Kinematics of Rigid Bodies	121	(7)
Kinetics of Rigid Bodies	128	(5)
Free Vibration, Natural Frequencies, and Mode Shapes	133	(12)
Daniel A. Mendelsohn
Basic Principles	133	(1)
Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems	134	(3)
Multiple-Degree-of-Freedom Systems	137	(3)
Continuous Systems (Infinite DOF)	140	(5)
Forced Vibrations	145	(7)
Arthur W. Leissa
Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems	145	(2)
Multiple-Degree-of-Freedom Systems	147	(5)
Lumped versus Distributed Parameter Systems	152	(12)
Bulent A. Ovunc
Procedure of Analysis	152	(2)
Continuous Mass Matrix Method	154	(2)
Consistent Mass Matrix Method	156	(1)
Lumped Mass Matrix Method	156	(1)
Free Vibration of Frames	156	(1)
Forced Vibration	157	(1)
Practical Applications	157	(1)
Structures without Additional Effects	158	(2)
Structures with Additional Effects	160	(4)
Applications of Structural and Dynamic Principles	164	(17)
Anthony J. Kalinowski
Base Configuration Loaded Applications	167	(7)
Structural Configuration Loaded Applications	174	(5)
Additional Information	179	(2)
Computer Simulation and Nomographs	181	(8)
Daniel J. Inman
Nomograph Fundamentals	181	(2)
Models for Numerical Simulation	183	(1)
Numerical Integration	184	(1)
Vibration Response by Computer Simulation	185	(1)
Commercial Software for Simulation	186	(3)
Test Equipment and Measuring Instruments	189	(14)
Terrence W. Baird
Vibration and Shock Test Machines	189	(5)
Transducers and Signal Conditioners	194	(2)
Digital Instrumentation and Computer Control	196	(5)
SECTION IV Kinematics and Mechanisms
Introduction	201	(2)
Bahram Ravani
Linkages and Cams	203	(7)
J. Michael McCarthy
Gregory L. Long
Linkages	203	(1)
Spatial Linkages	203	(2)
Displacement Analysis	205	(1)
Cam Design	206	(1)
Classification of Cams and Followers	206	(1)
Displacement Diagrams	206	(4)
Tribology: Friction, Wear, and Lubrication	210	(20)
Bharat Bhushan
History of Tribology and Its Significance to Industry	210	(2)
Origins and Significance of Micro/nanotribology	212	(1)
Friction	213	(4)
Wear	217	(6)
Lubrication	223	(3)
Micro/nanotribology	226	(4)
Machine Elements	230	(10)
Gordon R. Pennock
Threaded Fasteners	230	(3)
Clutches and Brakes	233	(7)
Crankshaft Journal Bearings	240	(14)
P. K. Subramanyan
Role of the Journal Bearings in the Internal Combustion Engine	240	(1)
Construction of Modern Journal Bearings	241	(1)
The Function of the Different Material Layers in Crankshaft Journal Bearings	242	(1)
The Bearing Materials	243	(1)
Basics of Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing Theory	244	(3)
The Bearing Assembly	247	(2)
The Design Aspects of Journal Bearings	249	(1)
Derivations of the Reynolds and Harrison Equations for Oil Film Pressure	250	(4)
Fluid Sealing in Machines, Mechanical Devices, and Apparatus	254	(19)
Alan O. Lebeck
Fundamentals of Sealing	255	(1)
Static Seals	255	(2)
Dynamic Seals	257	(6)
Gasket Practice	263	(1)
O-Ring Practice	263	(3)
Mechanical Face Seal Practice	266	(5)
SECTION IV Structures
Introduction	271	(2)
Jack McCormac
Loads	273	(4)
Peter Gergely
Dead Loads	273	(1)
Live Loads	274	(1)
Impact Loads	275	(1)
Snow Loads	275	(2)
Wind Effects	277	(6)
Timothy A. Reinhold
Ben L. Sill
Wind Climate	278	(1)
Local Wind Exposure	279	(1)
Mean Wind Speed Profile	279	(1)
Turbulence	280	(1)
Pressure Coefficients and Load Factors	281	(2)
Earthquake Effects	283	(7)
M. K. Ravindra
J. G. Shipp
Why Do Earthquakes Occur?	283	(1)
Characteristics of Earthquakes	283	(2)
Damage Mechanisms	285	(1)
Seismic Hazard Analysis	285	(1)
Earthquake Damage Surveys	286	(2)
Earthquake-Resistant Design	288	(2)
Structural Analysis	290	(10)
Robert G. Sexsmith
Tony M. Cigic
Beams	290	(3)
Trusses	293	(2)
Frames	295	(1)
Computer-Aided Analysis	296	(4)
Structural Steel	300	(9)
William T. Segui
Members	301	(3)
Connections	304	(1)
Composite Members	305	(1)
Computer Applications	306	(3)
Concrete	309	(16)
Edward G. Nawy
Structural Concrete	309	(1)
Flexural Design of Reinforced Concrete Members	310	(7)
Shear and Torsion Design of Reinforced Concrete Members	317	(1)
Prestressed Concrete	318	(4)
Serviceability Checks	322	(1)
Computer Applications for Concrete Structures	322	(3)
Timber	325	(8)
Donald E. Breyer
Durability of Wood	325	(1)
Wood Products	326	(1)
Member Design	327	(3)
Connections	330	(1)
Lateral Force Design	330	(3)
Masonry Design	333	(20)
James E. Amrhein
Basis of Design	333	(1)
Masonry Materials	334	(1)
Masonry Units	334	(2)
Concrete Masonry	336	(1)
Mortar	336	(1)
Grout	337	(1)
Unreinforced Masonry	337	(3)
Strength of Masonry	340	(1)
Design of Reinforced Masonry Members	341	(4)
Design of Structural Members-Strength Design	345	(6)
SECTION VI Fluid Mechanics
Introduction	351	(2)
Frank Kreith
Incompressible Fluids	353	(11)
Alan T. McDonald
Fundamentals of Incompressible Fluid Flow	353	(1)
Fluids without Relative Motion	354	(1)
Basic Equations in Integral Form for Control Volumes	355	(1)
Differential Analysis of Fluid Motion	356	(2)
Incompressible Inviscid Flow	358	(1)
Dimensional Analysis and Similitude	359	(1)
Internal Incompressible Viscous Flow	360	(2)
External Incompressible Viscous Flow	362	(2)
Compressible Fluids	364	(11)
Joe D. Hoffman
General Features	364	(3)
Basic Equations	367	(1)
Steady Quasi-One-Dimensional Flow	367	(1)
Equations of State and Thermodynamics	368	(1)
Stagnation Properties	369	(1)
Isentropic Flow	369	(2)
Nozzles	371	(1)
Shock Waves	372	(1)
Friction and Heat Transfer	373	(2)
The Rheology of Non-Newtonian Fluids	375	(12)
Deepak Doraiswamy
Kinematics, Flow Classification, and Material Functions	375	(3)
Fluids	378	(2)
Constitutive Equations	380	(3)
Some Useful Correlations for Material Functions	383	(4)
Airfoils/Wings	387	(8)
Bruce R. Munson
Dennis J. Cronin
Nomenclature	387	(3)
Airfoil Shapes	390	(1)
Lift and Drag Characteristics for Airfoils	391	(1)
Lift and Drag of Wings	392	(3)
Boundary Layers	395	(8)
Edwin R. Braun
Pao-lien Wang
Theoretical Boundary Layers	395	(1)
Reynolds Similarity in Test Data	396	(1)
Friction in Pipes	396	(2)
Noncircular Channel	398	(1)
Example Solutions	399	(4)
Valves	403	(6)
J. Paul Tullis
Control Valves	403	(3)
Air Valves	406	(1)
Check Valves	407	(2)
Pumps and Fans	409	(6)
Robert F. Boehm
Pumps	409	(4)
Fans	413	(2)
Two-Phase Flow	415	(12)
Richard T. Lahey, Jr.
Notation	415	(1)
Conservation Equations	416	(2)
Closure	418	(4)
Two-Phase Instabilities	422	(1)
Conclusion	423	(4)
Basic Mixing Principles for Various Types of Fluid Mixing Applications	427	(11)
James Y. Oldshue
Scaleup/Scaledown	430	(1)
Effect of the Circulation Time Spectrum and the Spectrum of Shear Rates on Ten Different Mixing Technologies	431	(4)
Computational Fluid Dynamics	435	(3)
Fluid Measurements	438	(17)
S. A. Sherif
Fundamental Principles	438	(6)
Basic Equations	444	(9)
SECTION VII Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
Introduction	453	(2)
Frank Kreith
The First Law of Thermodynamics	455	(7)
Richard E. Sonntag
System Analysis	455	(2)
Control Volume Analysis	457	(5)
Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy	462	(17)
Noam Lior
Reversibility	464	(3)
Entropy	467	(2)
The Second Law for Bulk Flow	469	(1)
Applications	470	(9)
The Thermodynamics of Solutions	479	(8)
Stanley I. Sandler
Hasan Orbey
Fundamentals	479	(5)
Applications	484	(3)
Thermodynamics of Surfaces	487	(8)
William B. Krantz
Basic Concepts	487	(2)
First Law of Thermodynamics	489	(1)
Effects of Curved Interfaces	489	(2)
Adsorption at Interfaces	491	(1)
Wettability and Adhesion	492	(3)
Phase Equilibrium	495	(6)
Benjamin G. Kyle
Pure-Component Phase Equilibrium	495	(2)
Phase Equilibrium in Mixtures	497	(3)
Perspective	500	(1)
Thermodynamic Cycles	501	(7)
William J. Cook
Power Cycles	502	(3)
Refrigeration Cycles	505	(3)
Heat Transfer	508	(21)
Yildiz Bayazitoglu
Udaya B. Sathuvalli
Conduction	508	(4)
Convection	512	(6)
Radiation	518	(6)
Phase Change	524	(5)
Heat Exchangers	529	(11)
M. M. Ohadi
Heat Exchanger Types	530	(1)
Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers	531	(2)
Compact Heat Exchangers	533	(2)
Design of Heat Exchangers	535	(5)
Combustion	540	(7)
Roger S. Hecklinger
Fundamentals of Combustion	540	(4)
Combustion Calculations	544	(3)
Air Conditioning	547	(8)
Victor W. Goldschmidt
Curtis J. Wahlberg
Historical Sketch	547	(1)
Comfort	548	(1)
Air Conditioning Process	548	(1)
Representative Cycles	549	(6)
Refrigeration and Cryogenics	555	(8)
Randall F. Barron
Desiccant Cooling	555	(1)
Heat Pumps	556	(2)
Cryogenics	558	(5)
Heat Transfer to Non-Newtonian Fluids	563	(7)
Eric F. Matthys
The Fluids	564	(1)
Friction	565	(1)
Heat Transfer	565	(2)
Instrumentation and Equipment	567	(3)
Heat Pipes	570	(11)
Larry W. Swanson
Heat Pipe Container, Working Fluid, and Wick Structures	570	(2)
Heat Transfer Limitations	572	(2)
Effective Thermal Conductivity and Heat Pipe Temperature Difference	574	(1)
Application of Heat Pipes	575	(4)
SECTION VIII Separation Processes
Introduction	579	(2)
Klaus Timmerhaus
Distillation	581	(7)
James R. Fair
Separation Specification	582	(1)
Required Basic Data	583	(1)
Index of Separation Difficulty	583	(1)
Required Stages	583	(1)
Column Dimensions	584	(1)
Column Auxiliaries	585	(1)
Batch Distillation	586	(2)
Absorption and Stripping	588	(5)
William M. Edwards
James R. Fair
Absorber-Stripper Systems	588	(1)
Absorber-Stripper Design Diagrams	589	(1)
Key Design Assumptions	589	(1)
Physical Data Requirements	590	(1)
Absorber and Stripper Design Equations	591	(1)
Absorption and Stripping Efficiency	591	(2)
Extraction	593	(11)
Vincent Van Brunt
Representative Extraction Processes	594	(3)
Solvent Characteristics and Solvent Screening	597	(1)
Extraction Equilibria	598	(2)
Extraction Staging and Equipment	600	(4)
Adsorption	604	(14)
Shivaji Sircar
Adsorbent Materials	604	(1)
Adsorption Equilibria	605	(2)
Heat of Adsorption	607	(1)
Thermodynamic Selectivity of Adsorption	608	(3)
Adsorption Kinetics	611	(1)
Adsorption Column Dynamics	612	(3)
Adsorptive Separation Processes and Design	615	(3)
Crystallization and Evaporation	618	(15)
Richard C. Bennett
Methods of Creating Supersaturation	619	(1)
Reasons for the Use of Crystallization	619	(1)
Solubility Relations	619	(2)
Product Characteristics	621	(1)
Impurities Influencing the Product	621	(1)
Kinds of Crystallization Processes	622	(1)
Calculation of Yield in a Crystallization Process	622	(1)
Mathematical Models of Continuous Crystallization	622	(3)
Equipment Designs	625	(3)
Evaporation	628	(5)
Membrane Separation	633	(11)
David G. Woods
David R. B. Walker
William J. Koros
Dialysis	633	(3)
Reverse Osmosis	636	(1)
Gas and Vapor Separations	637	(3)
Asymmetric Membranes	640	(1)
Membrane Stability and Fouling	641	(1)
Module Design Considerations	642	(2)
Fluid-Particle Separation	644	(9)
Shiao-Hung Chiang
Daxin He
Equipment	645	(1)
Fundamental Concept	645	(2)
Design Principles	647	(4)
Economics	651	(2)
Other Separation Processes	653	(8)
William C. Corder
Simon P. Hanson
Sublimation	654	(1)
Diffusional Separations	654	(1)
Adsorptive Bubble Separation	655	(1)
Dielectrophoresis	655	(1)
Electrodialysis	655	(4)
SECTION IX Fuels and Energy Conversion
Introduction	659	(2)
Frank Kreith
Fuels	661	(8)
Safwat M. A. Moustafa
Coal	661	(3)
Oil	664	(2)
Natural Gas	666	(1)
Important Products of Crude Oil Refining	666	(3)
Solar Power Systems	669	(9)
James M. Chavez
Elizabeth M. Richards
Anne VanArsdall
Solar Thermal Systems	669	(5)
Photovoltaic Systems	674	(2)
Biomass Systems	676	(2)
Internal Combustion Engines	678	(15)
Alan A. Kornhauser
Basics of Operation	679	(1)
Engine Classifications	679	(1)
Spark Ignition Engines	680	(4)
Compression Ignition Engines	684	(3)
Gas Exchange Systems	687	(2)
Design Details	689	(1)
Design and Performance Data for Typical Engines	690	(3)
Gas Turbines	693	(9)
Lee S. Langston
George Opdyke, Jr.
Gas Turbine Usage	693	(3)
Gas Turbine Cycles	696	(3)
Gas Turbine Components	699	(3)
Nuclear Power Systems	702	(12)
David M. Woodall
Nuclear Power Applications	702	(1)
Nuclear Power Fundamentals	703	(7)
Economics of Nuclear Power Systems	710	(4)
Power Plants	714	(12)
Mohammed M. El-Wakil
The Rankine Cycle	715	(1)
The Turbine	715	(1)
The Condenser	716	(1)
The Condenser Cooling System	717	(3)
The Feedwater System	720	(1)
The Steam Generator	720	(3)
Cycle and Plant Efficiencies and Heat Rates	723	(3)
Wind Turbines	726	(15)
Andrew Swift
Emil Moroz
Fundamentals	728	(8)
Power Regulation and Control	736	(1)
Energy Capture Estimation	737	(1)
Stand-Alone Applications	737	(1)
Cost of Energy Calculations	738	(1)
Environmental and Social Cost Issues	738	(1)
Summary	739	(2)
Hydraulic Turbines	741	(13)
Roger E. A. Arndt
General Description	741	(4)
Principles of Operation	745	(2)
Factors Involved in Selecting a Turbine	747	(7)
Steam Turbines	754	(11)
George Shibayama
Robert D. Franceschinis
Types of Steam Turbines	754	(3)
Impulse versus Reaction Turbines	757	(1)
Thermodynamics	758	(3)
Stop and Control Valves	761	(1)
Water Induction Protection	761	(1)
Generators	761	(1)
Turbine Generator Auxiliaries	762	(3)
Cogeneration	765	(11)
David H. Cooke
Cogeneration Fundamentals	765	(5)
Examples of Cogeneration	770	(6)
Electric Machines	776	(11)
E. Keith Stanek
Induction Machines	776	(3)
Synchronous Machines	779	(2)
DC Machines	781	(4)
SECTION X Kinetics and Reaction Engineering
Introduction	785	(2)
John L. Falconer
Reaction Kinetics	787	(10)
K. H. Lin
Fundamentals	787	(4)
Analysis of Kinetic Data	791	(6)
Chemical Reaction Engineering	797	(18)
H. Scott Fogler
The Algorithm	797	(8)
Pressure Drop in Reactors	805	(2)
Multiple Reactions	807	(1)
Heat Effects	808	(4)
Summary	812	(3)
The Scaleup of Chemical Reaction Systems from Laboratory to Plant	815	(17)
J. B. Cropley
General Considerations in the Rational Design of Chemical Reactors	816	(3)
Protocol for the Rational Design of Chemical Reactors	819	(12)
SECTION XI Geotechnical
Introduction	831	(1)
Milton E. Harr
Soil Mechanics	832	(11)
Braja M. Das
Weight-Volume Relationship	832	(1)
Hydraulic Conductivity	832	(2)
Effective Stress	834	(1)
Consolidation	834	(2)
Shear Strength	836	(5)
SECTION XII Transportation
Introduction	841	(2)
Kumares C. Sinha
Transportation Planning	843	(7)
Michael D. Meyer
Basic Framework of Transportation Planning	843	(2)
Transportation Modeling	845	(5)
Design of Transportation Facilities	850	(12)
John Leonard II
Michael D. Meyer
Components of the Project Development Process	851	(3)
Basic Concepts of Project Design	854	(1)
Intermodal Transportation Terminals or Transfer Facilities	855	(3)
Advanced Technology Projects	858	(4)
Operations and Environmental Impacts	862	(7)
Paul W. Shuldiner
Kenneth B. Black
Fundamental Equations	862	(1)
Flow, Speed, and Density Relationships	863	(1)
Traffic Measurements	864	(1)
Level of Service (LOS)	864	(1)
Highway Capacity	864	(1)
Intersection Capacity	865	(1)
Traffic Control Devices	865	(1)
Stop Sign Warrants	865	(2)
Traffic Signal Warrants	867	(1)
Air Quality Effects	867	(2)
Transportation Systems	869	(12)
Paul Schonfeld
Transportation System Components	870	(1)
Evaluation Measures	870	(2)
Air Transportation	872	(1)
Railroad Transportation	873	(2)
Highway Transportation	875	(1)
Water Transportation	876	(1)
Public Transportation	877	(4)
Safety Analysis	881	(11)
Tawfik B. Khalil
Mathematical Models	881	(5)
Summary	886	(5)
SECTION XIII Coastal and Ocean Engineering
Introduction	891	(1)
William L. Wood
Shallow Water and Deep Water Engineering	892	(25)
John B. Herbich
Wave Phenomena	892	(5)
Sediment Processes	897	(1)
Beach Profile	898	(1)
Longshore Sediment Transport	898	(2)
Coastal Structures	900	(4)
Navigational Channels	904	(1)
Marine Foundations	905	(1)
Oil Spills	905	(3)
Offshore Structures	908	(7)
SECTION XIV Environmental Systems and Management
Introduction	915	(2)
Robert B. Jacko
Drinking Water Treatment	917	(10)
Appiah Amirtharajah
S. Casey Jones
Water Quality	917	(1)
Drinking Water Regulations	918	(2)
Water Treatment Processes	920	(7)
Air Pollution	927	(14)
F. Chris Alley
C. David Cooper
Control of Particulate Matter	927	(5)
Control of Gaseous Pollutants	932	(9)
Wastewater Treatment and Disposal	941	(10)
Howard S. Peavy
Wastewater Characteristics	942	(1)
Terminology in Wastewater Treatment	943	(3)
Sludge	946	(1)
Advanced Wastewater Treatment	947	(1)
Wastewater Disposal and Reuse	948	(1)
Future of Wastewater Treatment and Reuse	949	(2)
Solid Wastes	951	(7)
Ross E. McKinney
Regulations	951	(1)
Characteristics	952	(1)
Generation	953	(1)
Collection	953	(1)
Transfer and Transport	954	(1)
Processing and Resource Recovery (Recycling)	954	(2)
Final Disposal	956	(2)
Hazardous Waste Management	958	(23)
Harold M. Cota
David Wallenstein
Regulatory Overview	959	(2)
Definition of Hazardous Waste	961	(2)
Management of Hazardous Wastes	963	(3)
Hazardous Waste Treatment	966	(4)
Infectious Waste Management	970	(3)
Radioactive Waste Management	973	(2)
Mixed Wastes	975	(1)
Corrective Action	976	(1)
Waste Minimization	976	(1)
Right-to-Know Laws	977	(1)
Computer Usage in Hazardous Waste Management	978	(3)
Soil Remediation	981	(10)
Bang Mo Kim
Andrew P. Shapiro
Regulations	981	(1)
Treatment Technologies	982	(1)
Landfilling and Containment	982	(2)
Soil Vapor Extraction	984	(1)
Thermal Treatments	984	(2)
Stabilization	986	(1)
Bioremediation	986	(1)
Soil Washing	986	(1)
Emerging Technologies	987	(2)
SECTION XV Water Resources Engineering
Introduction	989	(2)
Jacques W. Delleur
Hydraulics	991	(12)
Barbara Hauser
Flow Characteristics	991	(1)
Equation of Continuity	991	(1)
Pressure Characteristics	992	(1)
Effects of Pressure---Dynamic Systems	993	(1)
Pressure Loss	994	(3)
Open Channel Flow	997	(2)
Flow Measurement	999	(1)
Centrifugal Pump	1000	(3)
Hydrology	1003	(17)
Vijay P. Singh
Classification of Hydrology	1003	(1)
Hydrologic Cycle	1004	(1)
Laws of Science	1004	(5)
Approaches to Hydrologic Problems	1009	(1)
Tools for Hydrologic Analyses	1010	(1)
Components of Hydrology Cycle---Deterministic Hydrology	1010	(5)
Statistical Hydrology	1015	(2)
Hydrologic Design	1017	(3)
Sedimentation	1020	(13)
E.V. Richardson
Fluvial Geomorphology	1020	(1)
Sediment Properties	1021	(1)
Beginning of Motion	1021	(1)
Sediment Yield	1022	(1)
Bed Forms	1022	(1)
Sediment Transport	1022	(2)
Reservoir Sedimentation	1024	(7)
SECTION XVI Linear Systems and Models
Introduction	1031	(2)
Rodger E. Ziemer
Transfer Functions and Laplace Transforms	1033	(7)
C. Nelson Dorny
Transfer Functions	1033	(1)
The Laplace Transformation	1034	(1)
Transform Properties	1035	(2)
Transformation and Solution of a System Equation	1037	(3)
Block Diagrams	1040	(10)
Andrew P. Sage
Elements of the Block Diagram	1040	(3)
Block Diagram Reduction	1043	(5)
Summary	1048	(2)
Signal Flow Analysis	1050	(8)
Allan D. Kraus
The Signal Flow Graph	1050	(2)
Transmission Gain	1052	(1)
Signal Flow Graph Algebra	1052	(3)
The Mason Gain Rule	1055	(3)
Linear State-Space Models	1058	(12)
Boyd D. Schimel
Walter J. Grantham
State-Space Models	1058	(1)
Linearization	1059	(1)
Linear System Representations	1060	(2)
Transforming System Representations	1062	(8)
Frequency Response	1070	(9)
Paul Neudorfer
Pierre Gehlen
Frequency Response Plotting	1072	(3)
A Comparison of Methods	1075	(4)
Convolution Integral	1079	(9)
Rodger E. Ziemer
Fundamentals	1079	(3)
Properties of the Convolution Operation	1082	(1)
Applications of the Convolution Integral	1082	(2)
Two-Dimensional Convolution	1084	(1)
Time-Varying System Analysis	1085	(3)
Stability Analysis	1088	(8)
Raymond T. Stefani
Response Components	1088	(1)
Internal (Asymptotic) and External (BIBO) Stability	1089	(2)
Unstable and Marginally Stable Responses	1091	(3)
Structural Integrity	1094	(2)
z Transform and Digital Systems	1096	(15)
Rolf Johansson
The z Transform	1096	(1)
Digital Systems and Discretized Data	1097	(3)
The Transfer Function	1100	(1)
Digital Systems Described by Difference Equations (ARMAX Models)	1101	(1)
Prediction and Reconstruction	1102	(1)
The Kalman Filter	1103	(6)
SECTION XVII Circuits
Introduction	1109	(2)
Wai-Kai Chen
Passive Components	1111	(9)
Henry Domingos
Resistors	1111	(3)
Capacitors	1114	(3)
Inductors	1117	(3)
RL, RC, and RLC Circuits	1120	(10)
Michael D. Ciletti
RL Circuits	1120	(2)
RC Circuits	1122	(2)
RLC Circuits	1124	(6)
Node Equations and Mesh Equations	1130	(7)
James A. Svoboda
Node Equations	1132	(2)
Mesh Equations	1134	(3)
Sinusoidal Excitation and Phasors	1137	(10)
Muhammad H. Rashid
Sinusoidal Source	1137	(1)
Phasor	1138	(1)
Passive Circuit Elements in Phasors Domain	1139	(8)
Three-Phase Circuits	1147	(8)
Norman Balabanian
Relationships between Voltages and Currents	1147	(3)
Line Voltages	1150	(1)
Power Relationship	1151	(1)
Balanced Source and Balanced Load	1151	(2)
Other Types of Interconnections	1153	(2)
Filters (Passive)	1155	(12)
Albert J. Rosa
Fundamentals	1155	(4)
Applications	1159	(8)
Power Distribution	1167	(9)
Robert Broadwater
Albert Sargent
Robert E. Lee
Equipment	1167	(2)
System Divisions and Types	1169	(1)
Electrical Analysis, Planning, and Design	1170	(3)
System Control	1173	(1)
Operations	1173	(3)
Grounding and Shielding	1176	(13)
William G. Duff
Grounding	1176	(5)
Shielding	1181	(6)
SECTION XVIII Electronics
Introduction	1187	(2)
Thomas N. Jackson
Operational Amplifiers	1189	(8)
Paul J. Hurst
The Ideal Op Amp	1189	(4)
Feedback Circuit Analysis	1193	(1)
Input and Output Impedances	1194	(1)
Practical Limitations and Considerations	1194	(3)
Active RC Filters	1197	(17)
Michael A. Soderstrand
History of Active Filters	1197	(1)
Active Filter Design Techniques	1198	(2)
Filter Specifications and Approximations	1200	(4)
Filter Design	1204	(10)
Diodes and Transistors	1214	(15)
Sidney Soclof
Semiconductors	1214	(2)
Bipolar Junction Transistors	1216	(1)
Junction Field-Effect Transistors	1217	(6)
Metal-Oxide Silicon Field-Effect Transistors	1223	(6)
Analog Integrated Circuits	1229	(11)
Sidney Soclof
Operational Amplifiers	1230	(2)
Voltage Comparators	1232	(1)
Voltage Regulators	1232	(1)
Power Amplifiers	1233	(1)
Wide-Bandwidth (Video) Amplifiers	1234	(1)
Modulators, Demodulators, and Phase Detectors	1235	(1)
Voltage-Controlled Oscillators	1235	(1)
Waveform Generators	1235	(1)
Phase-Locked Loops	1236	(1)
Digital-to-Analog and Analog-to-Digital Converters	1236	(1)
Radio-Frequency Amplifiers	1237	(1)
Integrated Circuit Transducers	1237	(3)
Optoelectronic Devices	1240	(14)
Pallab Bhattacharya
Light-Emitting Diodes	1240	(3)
Lasers	1243	(5)
Photodetectors	1248	(5)
Conclusion	1253	(1)
Power Electronics	1254	(15)
Kaushik S. Rajashekara
Power Semiconductor Devices	1254	(3)
Power Conversion	1257	(12)
A/D and D/A Converters	1269	(5)
Jerry C. Hamann
The Fundamentals of D/A Converters	1269	(2)
The Fundamentals of A/D Converters	1271	(3)
Superconductivity	1274	(15)
Kevin A. Delin
Terry P. Orlando
Introduction	1274	(1)
General Electromagnetic Properties	1275	(3)
Superconducting Electronics	1278	(3)
Types of Superconductors	1281	(6)
SECTION XIX Digital Systems
Introduction	1287	(2)
Vojin G. Oklobdzija
Logic Devices	1289	(6)
Richard S. Sandige
AND Gates	1289	(1)
OR Gates	1290	(1)
INVERTER Circuit	1291	(1)
NAND Gates	1291	(1)
NOR Gates	1292	(3)
Counters and State Machines (Sequencers)	1295	(6)
Barry Wilkinson
Binary Counters	1295	(1)
Arbitrary Code Counters	1295	(1)
Counter Design	1296	(2)
State Machines	1298	(1)
State Diagrams	1298	(1)
State Diagrams Using Transition Expressions	1299	(2)
Microprocessors and Microcontrollers	1301	(5)
Fredrick J. Hill
Digital Hardware Systems	1301	(1)
Processors	1302	(2)
Assembly Language	1304	(1)
Some Real Microprocessors and Microcontrollers	1304	(2)
Memory Systems	1306	(10)
Richard S. Sandige
CPU, Memory, and I/O Interface Connections	1306	(1)
CPU Memory Systems Overview	1307	(1)
Common and Separate I/O Data Buses	1308	(1)
Single-Port RAM Devices	1309	(1)
Additional Types of Memory Devices	1309	(3)
Design Examples	1312	(4)
Computer-Aided Design and Simulation	1316	(9)
Michael D. Ciletti
Design Flow	1316	(1)
Schematic Entry	1317	(1)
Hardware Description Languages	1317	(3)
Trade-offs between HDLs and Schematic Entry	1320	(2)
HDLs and Synthesis	1322	(1)
Transistor-Level Design and Simulation	1322	(3)
Logic Analyzers	1325	(10)
Samiha Mourad
Mary Sue Haydt
Nature of Digital Signals	1325	(1)
Signal Sampling	1326	(1)
Timing Analysis	1326	(1)
State Analysis	1327	(1)
Components of a Logic Analyzer	1328	(1)
Advanced Features of Logic Analyzers	1329	(1)
Applications of Logic Analyzers	1329	(4)
SECTION XX Communications and Signal Processing
Introduction	1333	(2)
H. Vincent Poor
Transforms and Fast Algorithms	1335	(15)
Alexander D. Poularikas
Fourier Transforms	1335	(8)
Walsh-Hadamard Transform	1343	(7)
Digital Filters	1350	(9)
Bruce W. Bomar
L. Montgomery Smith
Finite Impulse Response Filter Design	1352	(3)
Infinite Impulse Response Filter Design	1355	(2)
Digital Filter Implementation	1357	(2)
Modulation and Detection	1359	(19)
H. Vincent Poor
Analog Modulation and Detection	1360	(7)
Digital Modulation and Detection	1367	(6)
Further Issues	1373	(5)
Coding	1378	(10)
Scott L. Miller
Leon W. Couch II
Block Codes	1378	(2)
Convolutional Codes	1380	(3)
Trellis-Coded Modulation	1383	(5)
Computer Communication Networks	1388	(14)
John N. Daigle
General Networking Concepts	1389	(3)
Computer Communication Network Architecture	1392	(4)
Local-Area Networks and Internets	1396	(1)
Some Additional Recent Developments	1397	(5)
Satellites and Aerospace	1402	(8)
Samuel W. Fordyce
William W. Wu
Communications Satellite Services and Frequency Allocation	1402	(1)
Information Transfer and Link Margins---Ground to Space (Up-Link)	1402	(1)
Communication Satellite Orbits	1403	(1)
Launch Vehicles	1404	(1)
Spacecraft Design	1405	(3)
Propagation	1408	(1)
Earth Stations	1408	(2)
Mobile and Cellular Radio Communications	1410	(13)
Theodore S. Rappaport
Rias Muhamed
Michael Buehrer
Anil Doradla
Paging Systems	1412	(1)
Cordless Telephone Systems	1412	(1)
Cellular Telephone Systems	1413	(1)
Personal Communications System (PCS)	1414	(1)
The Cellular Concept and System Fundamentals	1414	(3)
System Capacity and Performance of Cellular Systems	1417	(2)
Mobile Radio Systems Around the World	1419	(4)
Optical Communications	1423	(11)
Joseph C. Palais
Optical Communications Systems Topologies	1424	(2)
Fibers	1426	(1)
Other Components	1427	(1)
Signal Quality	1427	(4)
SECTION XXI Computers
Introduction	1431	(3)
Vojin G. Oklobdzija
Computer Organization: Architecture	1434	(13)
Vojin G. Oklobdzija
Instruction Set	1436	(7)
RISC Architecture	1443	(4)
Operating Systems	1447	(8)
Luis-Felipe Cabrera
Typical Services	1448	(1)
General Flow of Control	1449	(1)
Structure	1449	(2)
Communication	1451	(1)
Advanced Data Management Services	1452	(3)
Programming Languages	1455	(9)
Dennis M. Volpano
Principles of Programming Languages	1455	(5)
Program Verification	1460	(1)
Programming Language Paradigms	1460	(4)
Input/Output Devices	1464	(8)
Rich Freitas
Input/Output Subsystem	1464	(3)
I/O Devices	1467	(5)
Memory and Mass Storage Systems	1472	(9)
Peter M. Chen
Aspects of Storage Devices	1472	(1)
Types of Storage Devices	1473	(3)
Storage Organization	1476	(3)
SECTION XXII Measurement and Instrumentation
Introduction	1479	(2)
Wolf W. von Maltzahn
Sensors and Transducers	1481	(13)
Rosemary L. Smith
Physical Sensors	1484	(2)
Chemical Sensors	1486	(2)
Biosensors	1488	(1)
Microsensors	1489	(5)
Measurement Errors and Accuracy	1494	(7)
Steve J. Harrison
Measurement Errors, Accuracy, and Precision	1494	(3)
Estimating Measurement Uncertainty	1497	(1)
Propagation of Measurement Uncertainty	1498	(1)
Uncertainty Analysis in Experimental Design	1498	(3)
Signal Conditioning	1501	(8)
Stephen A. Dyer
Linear Operations	1501	(4)
Nonlinear Operations	1505	(4)
Telemetry	1509	(5)
Stephen Horan
Telemetry Systems	1509	(1)
Frame Telemetry	1510	(2)
Packet Telemetry	1512	(2)
Recording Instruments	1514	(6)
William Owens
Types of Recording Instruments	1514	(1)
Methods of Data Recording	1515	(3)
Future Directions: Distributed Data Acquisition and Recording	1518	(2)
Bioinstrumentation	1520	(11)
Wolf W. von Maltzahn
Karsten Meyer-Waarden
Basic Bioinstrumentation Systems	1521	(1)
Applications and Examples	1522	(4)
Summary	1526	(3)
SECTION XXIII Surveying
Introduction	1529	(2)
Jack McCormac
Quality Control	1531	(14)
Boudewijn H. W. van Gelder
Errors	1531	(1)
Precision	1532	(1)
Law of Propagation of Errors	1533	(2)
Statistical Testing	1535	(3)
Accuracy	1538	(1)
Reliability	1539	(1)
Actuality	1540	(5)
Elevation	1545	(9)
Steven D. Johnson
Measures of Elevation and Height	1545	(1)
Deflection of the Vertical	1546	(1)
Vertical Datums	1547	(1)
Elevation Measurement	1547	(4)
Systematic Errors	1551	(3)
Distance Measurements	1554	(7)
R. Ben Buckner
Fundamentals of Distance Measurement	1554	(3)
Applications and Calculations	1557	(4)
Directions	1561	(5)
Bon A. Dewitt
Angles	1561	(2)
Meridians	1563	(1)
Direction	1563	(1)
Back Bearing and Back Azimuth	1564	(1)
Applications	1564	(2)
Photogrammetry and Topographic Mapping	1566	(7)
Jim Bethel
Basic Concepts	1566	(1)
Orientation and Model Setup	1567	(1)
Data Collection for Topography	1568	(2)
Data Processing for Topography	1570	(1)
Data Presentation	1571	(2)
Surveying Computations	1573	(14)
Boudewijn H.W. van Gelder
Principles of Multivariate Calculus	1573	(1)
Principles of Linear Algebra	1574	(2)
Model of Two Sets of Variables, Observations, and Parameters: The Mixed Model	1576	(2)
Observations as a Function of Parameters Only: The Model of Observation Equations	1578	(2)
All Parameters Eliminated: The Model of Condition Equations	1580	(1)
An Example: Traversing	1581	(2)
Dynamical Systems	1583	(4)
Satellite Surveying	1587	(19)
Boudewijn H. W. van Gelder
A Satellite Orbiting the Earth	1587	(1)
The Orbital Ellipse	1588	(2)
Relationship between Cartesian and Keplerian Orbital Elements	1590	(1)
Orbit of a Satellite in a Noncentral Force Field	1590	(2)
The Global Positioning System (GPS)	1592	(7)
Gravity Field and Related Issues	1599	(7)
Surveying Applications for Geographic Information Systems	1606	(8)
James F. Thompson
GIS Fundamentals	1606	(1)
Monumentation or Control Surveying	1607	(3)
Topographic Surveying	1610	(2)
Future GIS Surveying Applications	1612	(2)
Remote Sensing	1614	(11)
Ralph W. Kiefer
Thomas M. Lillesand
Electromagnetic Energy	1614	(1)
Atmospheric Effects	1615	(1)
Remote Sensing Systems	1616	(2)
Remote Sensing from Earth Orbit	1618	(1)
Digital Image Processing	1619	(4)
SECTION XXIV Control Systems
Introduction	1623	(2)
Francis H. Raven
Feedback	1625	(10)
William L. Brogan
Characteristics of a Feedback Control System	1625	(1)
Fundamentals of Feedback for Time-invariant Linear Systems	1626	(5)
Illustrative Applications	1631	(2)
Feedback in Nonlinear Systems	1633	(1)
Summary of the Typical Steps in the Design of Feedback Systems	1633	(2)
Root Locus	1635	(10)
William L. Brogan
The Root Locus Concept	1635	(1)
Root Locus Details	1636	(2)
Generation of Root Locus Plots	1638	(1)
Examples	1638	(4)
Summary and Conclusions	1642	(3)
Nyquist Criterion and Stability	1645	(11)
Norman S. Nise
Concept and Definition of Frequency Response	1645	(1)
Plotting Frequency Response	1646	(1)
Stability	1647	(2)
Nyquist Criterion for Stability	1649	(2)
Gain Design for Stability via the Nyquist Criterion	1651	(2)
Stability via Separate Magnitude and Phase Plots (Bode Plots)	1653	(3)
System Compensation	1656	(15)
Francis H. Raven
Coorelation between Transient and Frequency Response	1656	(1)
Determining K to Yield a Desired Mp	1657	(3)
Gain Margin and Phase Margin	1660	(1)
Series Compensation	1661	(5)
Internal Feedback	1666	(2)
Compensation on the S Plane	1668	(3)
Process Control	1671	(9)
Thomas E. Marlin
Control Performance and Design Decisions	1671	(9)
Digital Control	1680	(8)
Raymond G. Jacquot
Feedback Control	1680	(1)
Digital Control	1680	(1)
Microcontroller Architecture	1681	(1)
Linear Digital Control	1682	(1)
Digital Control Stability Analysis and Design	1683	(2)
Computer-Aided Design	1685	(3)
Robots and Control	1688	(8)
Robert G. Bonitz
T. C. Hsia
Independent Joint Control	1689	(2)
Method of Computed Torque	1691	(1)
Cartesian-Space Control	1692	(4)
State Variable Feedback	1696	(9)
Thomas L. Vincent
Linear State Space Control Systems	1696	(1)
Controllability and Observability	1697	(1)
Eigenvalue Placement	1697	(2)
Observer Design	1699	(4)
SECTION XXV Manufacturing
Introduction	1703	(2)
Frank Kreith
Types of Manufacturing	1705	(4)
Richard J. Schonberger
Job-Shop and Batch Production	1705	(1)
Mass Production	1706	(1)
Continuous Production	1706	(1)
Mixtures and Gray Areas	1707	(1)
Capital Investment, Automation, Advanced Technology, Skills, and Layout	1707	(2)
Quality	1709	(9)
Matthew P. Stephens
Joseph F. Kmec
Measurement	1709	(2)
Statistical Quality Control	1711	(4)
Tolerances and Capability	1715	(3)
Flexible Manufacturing	1718	(6)
Andrew Kusiak
Chang-Xue Feng
Flexible Machining	1719	(1)
Flexible Assembly	1720	(2)
The Economic Justification of Flexibility	1722	(2)
Management and Scheduling	1724	(8)
Edward M. Knod, Jr.
Management: Definition and Innovations	1724	(2)
Scheduling	1726	(6)
Design, Modeling, and Prototyping	1732	(6)
William L. Chapman
A. Terry Bahill
The System Design Process	1732	(3)
Rapid Prototyping	1735	(1)
When to Use Modeling and Prototyping	1736	(2)
Materials Processing and Manufacturing Methods	1738	(11)
Subhash H. Risbud
Processing Metals and Alloys	1739	(3)
Ceramics, Glasses, and Polymers	1742	(4)
Joining of Materials	1746	(3)
Machine Tools and Processes	1749	(7)
Yung C. Shin
Economic Impact	1749	(1)
Types of Machine Tools	1750	(1)
Control of Machine Tools	1751	(3)
Machine Tool Accuracy	1754	(2)
Human Factors and Ergonomics	1756	(11)
Waldemar Karwowski
Bill Jamaldin
The Concept of Human-Machine Systems	1756	(6)
Ergonomics in Industry	1762	(1)
The Role of Ergonomics in Prevention of Occupational Musculoskeletal Injury	1762	(2)
Fitting the Work Environment to the Workers	1764	(3)
Pressure and Vacuum	1767	(12)
Peter Biltoft
Charles Borzileri
Dave Holten
Matt Traini
Pressure	1767	(5)
The Vacuum Environment	1772	(7)
Food Engineering	1779	(13)
R. Paul Singh
Liquid Transport Systems	1779	(4)
Heat Transfer	1783	(9)
Agricultural Engineering	1792	(9)
David J. Hills
Equipment Sizing Criteria	1792	(4)
Equipment Selection	1796	(5)
System Reliability	1801	(16)
Rama Ramakumar
Catastrophic Failure Models	1801	(1)
The Bathtub Curve	1802	(1)
Mean Time to Failure	1803	(1)
Average Failure Rate	1803	(1)
A Posteriori Failure Probability	1804	(1)
Units for Failure Rates	1804	(1)
Application of the Binomial Distribution	1804	(1)
Application of the Poisson Distribution	1805	(1)
The Exponential Distribution	1805	(1)
The Weibull Distribution	1805	(1)
Combinatorial Aspects	1806	(1)
Modeling Maintenance	1807	(2)
Markov Models	1809	(1)
Binary Model for a Reparable Component	1809	(1)
Two Dissimilar Reparable Components	1810	(1)
Two Identical Reparable Components	1811	(1)
Frequency and Duration Techniques	1811	(1)
Applications of Markov Process	1812	(1)
Some Useful Approximations	1812	(3)
SECTION XXVI Aeronautical and Aerospace
Introduction	1815	(2)
Cary R. Spitzer
Aerodynamics	1817	(13)
John F. Donovan
Background	1817	(1)
Flow about a Body	1818	(3)
Two-Dimensional Airfoils	1821	(3)
Finite Wing Effects	1824	(3)
Effects of Compressibility	1827	(3)
Stability and Turbulence	1830	(6)
Ronald A. Hess
Descriptions of Atmospheric Movement	1830	(1)
Turbulence and Aircraft Dynamics	1831	(3)
An Example	1834	(1)
Other Applications	1835	(1)
Computational Fluid Dynamics	1836	(13)
Ramesh K. Agarwal
Geometry Modeling and Grid Generation	1836	(1)
Flow Simulation Algorithms	1837	(2)
Turbulence Modeling	1839	(1)
Flow Simulation Examples	1839	(7)
Future Directions and Challenges	1846	(3)
Aerospace Materials	1849	(7)
Reid R. June
System Requirements and Materials Selection	1849	(2)
Design Considerations	1851	(1)
Nonstructural Materials	1851	(3)
The Future	1854	(2)
Propulsion Systems	1856	(16)
Jan C. Monk
Performance Characteristics	1856	(2)
Liquid Rocket Engine Cycles	1858	(4)
Major Components	1862	(5)
System Preliminary Design Process	1867	(3)
Conclusion	1870	(2)
Aircraft Performance and Design	1872	(10)
Francis Joseph Hale
Aircraft Forces and Subsystems	1873	(4)
Level Flight	1877	(1)
Climbing Flight	1878	(2)
Turning Flight	1880	(2)
Spacecraft and Mission Design	1882	(15)
Wallace T. Fowler
Spacecraft Environments	1883	(1)
Fundamental Principles	1883	(1)
Spacecraft/Mission Categories	1884	(3)
Spacecraft Subsystems	1887	(3)
Spacecraft/Mission Design Process	1890	(5)
SECTION XXVII Safety
Introduction	1895	(2)
A. Keith Furr
Hazard Identification and Control	1897	(11)
Mansour Rahimi
Hazard Identification	1897	(1)
Physical Hazards	1898	(1)
Chemical Hazards	1899	(2)
Airborne Contaminants	1901	(1)
Noise	1902	(1)
Fire Hazards	1902	(1)
An Engineering Approach to Hazard Control	1903	(1)
Hazard Analysis and Quantification	1903	(5)
Regulations and Standards	1908	(11)
A. Keith Furr
Engineering Practices	1909	(5)
Summary	1914	(3)
SECTION XXVIII Engineering Economics and Management
Introduction	1917	(2)
Tung Au
Present Worth Analysis	1919	(7)
Walter D. Short
Calculation	1919	(3)
Application	1922	(1)
Other Considerations	1923	(3)
Project Analysis Using Rate-of-Return Criteria	1926	(7)
Robert G. Beaves
Net Present Value	1926	(1)
Internal Rate of Return	1927	(1)
Overall Rate of Return	1928	(1)
Project Investment Base	1928	(1)
Scale-Adjusted ORR	1929	(1)
Project Life Differences	1929	(2)
Conclusion	1931	(2)
Project Selection from Alternatives	1933	(6)
Chris Hendrickson
Sue McNeil
Problem Statement for Project Selection	1933	(1)
Steps in Carrying Out Project Selection	1934	(1)
Selection Criteria	1935	(1)
Applications	1936	(1)
Conclusion	1937	(2)
Depreciation and Corporate Taxes	1939	(8)
Tung Au
Depreciation as Tax Deduction	1939	(1)
Tax Laws and Tax Planning	1940	(1)
Decision Criteria for Project Selection	1940	(1)
Inflation Consideration	1941	(1)
After-Tax Cash Flows	1941	(1)
Evaluation of After-Tax Cash Flows	1942	(1)
Effects of Various Factors	1943	(4)
Financing and Leasing	1947	(6)
Charles Fazzi
Debt Financing	1947	(2)
Equity Financing	1949	(1)
Leasing	1950	(3)
Risk Assessment	1953	(9)
Rosalie T. Ruegg
Expected Value (EV) Analysis	1954	(1)
Mean-Variance Criterion (MVC) and Coefficient of Variation (CV)	1955	(1)
Risk-Adjusted Discount Rate (RADR) Technique	1956	(1)
Certainty Equivalent (CE) Technique	1957	(2)
Simulation Technique	1959	(1)
Decision Analysis	1960	(2)
Sensitivity Analysis	1962	(6)
Harold E. Marshall
Sensitivity Analysis Applications	1962	(3)
Advantages and Disadvantages	1965	(3)
Life-Cycle Costing	1968	(9)
Wolter J. Fabrycky
Benjamin S. Blanchard
The Life-Cycle Costing Situation	1968	(2)
Cost Generated over the Life Cycle	1970	(1)
The Cost Breakdown Structure	1971	(1)
Life-Cycle Cost Analysis	1972	(2)
Cost Treatment over the Life Cycle	1974	(1)
Summary	1975	(2)
Project Evaluation and Selection	1977	(8)
Hans J. Thamhain
Quantitative Approaches to Project Evaluation and Selection	1978	(2)
Qualitative Approaches to Project Evaluation and Selection	1980	(2)
Recommendations for Effective Project Evaluation and Selection	1982	(3)
Critical Path Method	1985	(10)
John L. Richards
Planning the Project	1985	(2)
Scheduling the Project	1987	(2)
Controlling the Project	1989	(2)
Modifying the Project Schedule	1991	(2)
Project Management Using CPM	1993	(2)
Patents, Copyrights, Trademarks, and Licenses	1995	(10)
Paul A. Beck
Carol I. Bordas
Patents	1995	(1)
Copyrights	1996	(1)
Trademarks	1997	(1)
Licenses	1997	(6)
SECTION XXIX Materials Engineering
Introduction	2003	(2)
James F. Shackelford
Properties of Solids	2005	(9)
James F. Shackelford
Structure	2005	(1)
Composition	2005	(2)
Physical Properties	2007	(1)
Mechanical Properties	2007	(3)
Thermal Properties	2010	(1)
Chemical Properties	2010	(1)
Electrical and Optical Properties	2010	(4)
Failure Analysis	2014	(6)
James F. Shackelford
Types of Failures	2014	(1)
Failure Analysis Methodology	2015	(1)
Fracture Mechanics	2016	(1)
Nondestructive Testing	2016	(3)
Engineering Design for Failure Prevention	2019	(1)
Liquids and Gases	2020	(5)
Bruce E. Poling
Viscosity	2020	(1)
Thermal Conductivity	2021	(1)
Heat Capacity	2022	(1)
Vapor Pressure	2023	(2)
Biomaterials	2025	(12)
R. Bruce Martin
History	2025	(1)
Problems Associated with Implanted Devices	2026	(1)
Immunology and Biocompatibility	2027	(1)
Commonly Used Implant Materials	2027	(1)
Metals	2028	(2)
Polymers	2030	(1)
Ceramics	2031	(1)
Carbon Materials	2031	(4)
SECTION XXX Mathematics
Introduction	2035	(2)
William F. Ames
General Mathematics	2037	(31)
Trigonometry	2037	(4)
Series	2041	(7)
Differential Calculus	2048	(5)
Integral Calculus	2053	(5)
Special Functions	2058	(10)
Linear Algebra Matrices	2068	(7)
George Cain
Basic Definitions	2068	(1)
Algebra of Matrices	2069	(1)
Systems of Equations	2069	(2)
Vector Spaces	2071	(1)
Rank and Nullity	2071	(1)
Orthogonality and Length	2072	(1)
Determinants	2072	(1)
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors	2073	(2)
Vector Algebra and Calculus	2075	(5)
George Cain
Basic Definitions	2075	(1)
Coordinate Systems	2076	(1)
Vector Functions	2076	(2)
Gradient, Curl, and Divergence	2078	(1)
Integration	2078	(1)
Integral Theorems	2079	(1)
Complex Variables	2080	(6)
George Cain
Basic Definitions and Arithmetic	2080	(1)
Complex Functions	2081	(1)
Analytic Functions	2082	(1)
Integration	2082	(1)
Series	2083	(1)
Singularities	2084	(1)
Conformal Mapping	2085	(1)
Difference Equations	2086	(3)
William F. Ames
First-Order Equations	2086	(1)
Second-Order Equations	2086	(1)
Linear Equations with Constant Coefficients	2087	(1)
Generating Function (z Transform)	2087	(2)
Differential Equations	2089	(12)
William F. Ames
Ordinary Differential Equations	2089	(4)
Partial Differential Equations	2093	(8)
Integral Equations	2101	(3)
William F. Ames
Classification and Notation	2101	(1)
Relation to Differential Equations	2101	(1)
Methods of Solution	2102	(2)
Approximation Methods	2104	(3)
William F. Ames
Perturbation	2104	(2)
Iterative Methods	2106	(1)
Integral Transforms	2107	(5)
William F. Ames
Laplace Transform	2107	(2)
Convolution Integral	2109	(1)
Fourier Transform	2110	(1)
Fourier Cosine Transform	2110	(2)
Chaos, Fractals, and Julia Sets	2112	(5)
Anca Deliu
Chaos	2112	(2)
Fractals	2114	(2)
Julia Sets	2116	(1)
Calculus of Variations	2117	(3)
William F. Ames
The Euler Equation	2117	(1)
The Variation	2118	(1)
Constraints	2119	(1)
Probability and Statistics	2120	(11)
Y.L. Tong
Elementary Probability	2120	(2)
Random Sample and Sampling Distributions	2122	(1)
Normal Distribution-Related Sampling Distributions	2123	(1)
Confidence Intervals	2124	(2)
Testing Statistical Hypotheses	2126	(2)
A Numerical Example	2128	(3)
Optimization	2131	(3)
George Cain
Linear Programming	2131	(1)
Unconstrained Nonlinear Programming	2132	(1)
Constrained Nonlinear Programming	2132	(2)
Numerical Methods	2134	(33)
William F. Ames
Linear Algebra Equations	2135	(5)
Nonlinear Equations in One Variable	2140	(2)
General Methods for Nonlinear Equations in One Variable	2142	(1)
Numerical Solution of Simultaneous Nonlinear Equations	2142	(4)
Interpolation and Finite Differences	2146	(3)
Numerical Differentiation	2149	(3)
Numerical Integration	2152	(1)
Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations	2153	(4)
Numerical Solution of Integral Equations	2157	(1)
Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations	2157	(5)
Discrete and Fast Fourier Transforms	2162	(1)
Software	2163	(4)
Dimensional Analysis	2167	(4)
William F. Ames
Units and Variables	2167	(1)
Method of Dimensions	2167	(4)
Computer Graphics Visualization	2171	(5)
Richard S. Gallagher
The Display of Objects in 3-D	2171	(1)
Scalar Display Techniques	2172	(1)
Vector and Tensor Field Display	2172	(1)
Continuum Volume Visualization	2173	(1)
Animation over Time	2174	(1)
Summary	2175	(1)
Appendix: Mathematical Tables and Formulae	2176	(31)
Associations and Societies	2207	(22)
Indexes	2229	(2)
Author Index	2231	(6)
Index of Key Equations	2237	(6)
Subject Index	2243