Engineering Problem Solving with C

by Etter, Delores M.

• ISBN13: 9780131429710
• ISBN10: 013142971X
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

In this revision of a popular book, the best-selling author provides a new theme for the real-world engineering and scientific examples and problems used throughout the book. Solutions to the problems are developed using the language C and the author's signature five-step problem solving process.Centered around a theme of oceans and their role in the complex interactions of environment, the book enables readers to solve real-world and scientific problems. Four types of exercises are presented to develop problem-solving skills - Practice! problems, Modify! problems, Short-Answer problems, and Programming problems. Coverage of essential features that are needed to write reusable C code are included such as C structures and pointers. The book also provides an introduction to object-oriented programming and C++.For engineers and scientists who want to use ANSI C to solve practical engineering and scientific problems.

Table of Contents

1 Engineering Problem Solving	3	(30)
The Oceans: Interactions with the Biosphere
1.1 Engineering in the 21st Century	3	(7)
Recent Engineering Achievements	3	(6)
Changing Engineering Environment	9	(1)
1.2 Computing Systems: Hardware and Software	10	(9)
Computer Hardware	10	(3)
Computer Software	13	(9)
Operating Systems	13	(1)
Software Tools	14	(1)
Computer Languages	14	(2)
Executing a Computer Program	16	(2)
Software Life Cycle	18	(1)
1.3 An Engineering Problem-Solving Methodology	19	(3)
1.4 Interactions of the Oceans with the Biosphere	22	(2)
Pacific Ocean	22	(1)
Atlantic Ocean	23	(1)
Indian Ocean	23	(1)
Arctic Ocean and the Southern Ocean	24	(1)
Summary	24	(1)
Key Terms, Problems	25	(4)
Suggested Readings	29	(4)
2 Simple C Programs	33	(52)
The Oceans: Seawater Composition
2.1 Program Structure	33	(4)
2.2 Constants and Variables	37	(6)
Scientific Notation	38	(1)
Numeric Data Types	39	(2)
Character Data	41	(1)
Symbolic Constants	42	(1)
2.3 Assignment Statements	43	(8)
Arithmetic Operators	44	(2)
Priority of Operators	46	(3)
Overflow and Underflow	49	(1)
Increment and Decrement Operators	49	(1)
Abbreviated Assignment Operators	50	(1)
2.4 Standard Input and Output	51	(5)
printf Function	52	(3)
scanf Function	55	(1)
2.5 Numerical Technique: Linear Interpolation	56	(5)
2.6 Problem Solving Applied: Freezing Temperature of Seawater	61	(4)
2.7 Mathematical Functions	65	(4)
Elementary Math Functions	66	(1)
Trigonometric Functions	67	(1)
Hyperbolic Functions*	68	(1)
2.8 Character Functions	69	(3)
Character I/O	70	(1)
Character Comparisons	70	(2)
2.9 Problem Solving Applied: Velocity Computation	72	(3)
2.10 System Limitations	75	(2)
Summary, Key Terms, C Statement Summary	77	(1)
Style Notes, Debugging Notes	78	(1)
Problems	79	(6)
3 Control Structures and Data Files	85	(64)
The Oceans: Wave Characteristics
3.1 Algorithm Development	85	(7)
Top-Down Design	85	(1)
Decomposition Outline	86	(1)
Refinement with Pseudocode and Flowcharts	86	(1)
Structured Programming	86	(3)
Sequence	86	(1)
Selection	87	(1)
Repetition	88	(1)
Evaluation of Alternative Solutions	89	(1)
Error Conditions	90	(1)
Generation of Test Data	91	(1)
3.2 Conditional Expressions	92	(2)
Relational Operators	92	(1)
Logical Operators	93	(1)
Precedence and Associativity	93	(1)
3.3 Selection Statements	94	(7)
Simple if Statement	94	(2)
if/else Statement	96	(3)
switch Statement	99	(2)
3.4 Loop Structures	101	(7)
while Loop	102	(1)
do/while Loop	103	(1)
for Loop	104	(3)
break and continue Statements	107	(1)
3.5 Problem Solving Applied: Wave Interaction	108	(8)
3.6 Data Files	116	(12)
I/O Statements	117	(2)
Reading Data Files	119	(7)
Specified Number of Records	119	(3)
Trailer or Sentinel Signals	122	(2)
End-of-File	124	(2)
Generating a Data File	126	(2)
3.7 Numerical Technique: Linear Modeling*	128	(3)
3.8 Problem Solving Applied: Ozone Measurements*	131	(6)
Summary, Key Terms, C Statement Summary	137	(2)
Style Notes, Debugging Notes	139	(1)
Problems	140	(9)
4 Modular Programming with Functions	149	(58)
The Oceans: Iceberg Tracking
4.1 Modularity	149	(3)
4.2 Programmer-Defined Functions	152	(11)
Function Example	152	(4)
Function Definition	156	(1)
Function Prototype	157	(1)
Parameter List	158	(2)
Storage Class and Scope	160	(3)
4.3 Problem Solving Applied: Iceberg Tracking	163	(6)
4.4 Random Numbers	169	(5)
Integer Sequences	169	(4)
Floating-Point Sequences	173	(1)
4.5 Problem Solving Applied: Instrumentation Reliability	174	(6)
4.6 Numerical Technique: Roots of Polynomials*	180	(4)
Polynomial Roots	180	(2)
Incremental-Search Technique	182	(2)
4.7 Problem Solving Applied: System Stability*	184	(6)
4.8 Macros*	190	(3)
4.9 Recursion*	193	(14)
Factorial Computation	194	(2)
Fibonacci Sequence	196	(2)
Summary, Key Terms, C Statement Summary	198	(1)
Style Notes, Debugging Notes, Problems	199	(8)
5 Arrays and Matrices	207	(76)
The Oceans: Hurricanes
5.1 One-Dimensional Arrays	207	(8)
Definition and Initialization	208	(2)
Computations and Output	210	(2)
Function Arguments	212	(3)
5.2 Problem Solving Applied: Hurricane Categories	215	(5)
5.3 Problem Solving Applied: Molecular Weights	220	(5)
5.4 Statistical Measurements	225	(5)
Simple Analysis	225	(2)
Maximum and Minimum	226	(1)
Average	226	(1)
Median	226	(1)
Variance and Standard Deviation	227	(2)
Custom Header File	229	(1)
5.5 Problem Solving Applied: Speech Signal Analysis	230	(6)
5.6 Sorting Algorithms	236	(2)
5.7 Search Algorithms	238	(4)
Unordered List	238	(1)
Ordered List	239	(3)
5.8 Two-Dimensional Arrays	242	(8)
Definition and Initialization	243	(2)
Computations and Output	245	(2)
Function Arguments	247	(3)
5.9 Problem Solving Applied: Terrain Navigation	250	(4)
5.10 Matrices and Vectors*	254	(5)
Dot Product	254	(1)
Determinant	255	(1)
Transpose	256	(1)
Matrix Addition and Subtraction	257	(1)
Matrix Multiplication	257	(2)
5.11 Numerical Technique: Solution to Simultaneous Equations*	259	(7)
Graphical Interpretation	259	(5)
Gauss Elimination	264	(2)
5.12 Problem Solving Applied: Electrical Circuit Analysis*	266	(5)
5.13 Higher Dimensional Arrays*	271	(12)
Summary, Key Terms	273	(1)
C Statement Summary, Style Notes, Debugging Notes	274	(1)
Problems	275	(8)
6 Programming with Pointers	283	(44)
The Oceans: Sea Surface Temperatures
6.1 Addresses and Pointers	283	(8)
Address Operator	284	(2)
Pointer Assignment	286	(3)
Address Arithmetic	289	(2)
6.2 Pointers to Array Elements	291	(6)
One-Dimensional Arrays	292	(2)
Two-Dimensional Arrays	294	(3)
6.3 Problem Solving Applied: El Nino-Southern Oscillation Data	297	(3)
6.4 Pointers in Function References	300	(3)
6.5 Problem Solving Applied: Seismic Event Detection	303	(5)
6.6 Character Strings	308	(5)
String Definition and I/O	308	(1)
String Functions	309	(4)
6.7 Dynamic Memory Allocation*	313	(4)
6.8 A Quicksort Algorithm*	317	(10)
Summary	320	(1)
Key Terms, C Statement Summary	321	(1)
Style Notes, Debugging Notes, Problems	321	(6)
7 Programming with Structures	327	(34)
The Oceans:Tsunamis
7.1 Structures	327	(5)
Definition and Initialization	328	(1)
Input and Output	329	(2)
Computations	331	(1)
7.2 Using Functions with Structures	332	(2)
Structures as Function Arguments	332	(1)
Functions that Return Structures	333	(1)
7.3 Arrays of Structures	334	(2)
7.4 Problem Solving Applied: Tsunami Analysis	336	(4)
7.5 Dynamic Data Structures*	340	(21)
Additional Dynamic Data Structures	348	(5)
Circularly Linked List	348	(1)
Doubly Linked List	349	(1)
Stack	350	(1)
Queue	350	(1)
Binary Tree	351	(2)
Summary, Key Terms	353	(1)
C Statement Summary, Style Notes, Debugging Notes	354	(1)
Problems	355	(6)
8 An Introduction to C++ 36I
The Oceans: Surface Winds
8.1 Object-Oriented Programming	361	(1)
8.2 C++ Program Structure	362	(1)
8.3 Input and Output	363	(4)
The cout Object	363	(1)
Stream Functions	363	(1)
The cin Object	364	(2)
Defining File Streams	366	(1)
8.4 C++ Program Examples	367	(3)
Simple Computations	367	(1)
Loops	368	(1)
Functions, One-Dimensional Arrays, and Data Files	368	(2)
8.5 Problem Solving Applied: Surface Wind Directions	370	(3)
8.6 Classes	373	(6)
Defining a Class Data Type	374	(3)
Constructor Functions	377	(1)
Class Operators	378	(1)
8.7 Numerical Technique: Complex Roots	379	(7)
Complex Class Definition	379	(5)
Complex Roots for Quadratic Equations	384	(2)
Summary, Key Terms, C++ Statement Summary	386	(1)
Style Notes, Debugging Notes, Problems	387	(4)
Appendices
A ANSI C Standard Library	391	(11)
[assert.h] 391
[ctype.h] 391
[errno.h] 392
[float.h] 392
[limits.h] 393
[locale.h] 394
[math.h] 394
[setjmp.h] 395
[signal.h] 395
[stdarg.h] 395
[stddef.h] 395
[stdio.h] 395
[stdlib.h] 398
[string.h] 399
[time.h] 400
B ASCII Character Codes	402	(3)
C Using MATLAB to Plot Data from Text Files	405	(3)
D References	408	(1)
Complete Solutions to Practice! Problems	409	(12)
Selected Solutions to Modify! Problems	421	(2)
Complete Solutions to End-of-Chapter
Short-Answer Problems	423	(4)
Selected Solutions to End-of-Chapter
Programming Problems	427	(4)
Glossary	431	(8)
Index	439