Enhancing the Performance of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks With Smart Antennas

by Bandyopadhyay; Somprakash

• ISBN13: 9780849350818
• ISBN10: 0849350816
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-05-03
• Publisher: Auerbach Public

Summary

A large portion of the network capacity of an ad hoc network can be wasted by the medium access mechanisms of omni-directional antennas. To overcome this problem, researchers propose the use of directional or adaptive antennas that largely reduce radio interference, improving the utilization of wireless medium and the resulting network throughput.Enhancing the Performance of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks with Smart Antennas discusses these issues and challenges. Following an introduction to ad hoc networks, it presents an overview of basic Media Access Control (MAC) and routing protocols in ad hoc networks with omni-directional antennas. The book then focuses on the use of smart antennas in ad hoc networks and reviews the strategies used in designing MAC and routing protocols for improved medium utilization and improved routing performance with effective load balancing. Finally, it analyzes the design issues related to priority based quality-of-service (QoS) routing protocols, illustrating the potential of these antennas in comparison to omni directional antennas. The book concludes with an examination of open problems and challenges for ad hoc networks.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
The Authors	xi
Introduction	1	(12)
Ad Hoc Networks: A Preamble	1	(1)
Characteristics of Ad Hoc Networks	2	(1)
Some Prospective Usages of Ad Hoc Networks	3	(2)
Some Research Challenges	5	(3)
Use of Smart Antennas in Ad Hoc Networks	5	(1)
Media Access Control	6	(1)
Routing	6	(1)
Power Conservation	7	(1)
Security	8	(1)
Performance Evaluation Techniques	8	(1)
Organization of the Book	9	(4)
References	10	(3)
The Issues and Challenges in Designing MAC and Routing Protocols	13	(42)
Media Access Control Techniques	13	(14)
MAC Protocols with Omni-Directional Antennas	15	(4)
MAC Protocols with Directional Antennas	19	(2)
oRTS/oCTS-Based DMAC	21	(1)
DRTS/oCTS-Based DMAC	21	(1)
DRTS/DCTS-Based DMAC	21	(1)
Other DMAC Protocols	22	(2)
Power-Controlled MAC	24	(1)
Power-Control Schemes Using Omni-Directional Antennas	24	(1)
Power-Control Schemes Using Directional Antennas	25	(2)
Routing Protocols in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks	27	(14)
Routing Protocols Using Omni-Directional Antennas	27	(1)
Reactive Routing Protocols	27	(8)
Proactive Routing Protocols	35	(3)
Routing Protocols Using Directional Antennas	38	(3)
Performance Evaluation Techniques	41	(14)
Simulation-Based Evaluation	42	(1)
Comparison of Routing Performance	42	(2)
Comparison of MAC Performance	44	(1)
Evaluation Using a Testbed	45	(3)
References	48	(7)
Location Tracking and Media Access Control Using Smart Antennas	55	(24)
Introduction	55	(2)
Introduction to Smart Antennas	57	(8)
Features of Smart Antennas	58	(1)
Classification of Smart Antennas	59	(1)
ESPAR: A Smart Antenna for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks	59	(5)
Issues of Smart Antennas in the Context of Wireless Ad Hoc Networks	64	(1)
Location-Tracking Mechanisms for Neighborhood Discovery	65	(1)
Directional Media Access Control Protocols	66	(2)
A Few Assumptions and the Rationales	68	(3)
Performance Evaluation	71	(5)
Simulation Environment	71	(1)
Results	72	(4)
Discussion	76	(3)
References	76	(3)
Location Tracking and Location Estimation of Nodes in Ad Hoc Networks: A Testbed Implementation	79	(22)
Introduction	79	(3)
Location Tracking and Neighborhood Discovery	82	(2)
Formation of the NLST (Neighborhood Link State Table)	82	(1)
Formation of the AST (Angle Signal Table)	83	(1)
Location Estimation	84	(7)
Basic Idea	84	(2)
Location Estimation by a Node Using a Pair of Reference Nodes	86	(1)
Synchronization of an Antenna by a Nonprimary Reference Node	87	(2)
Formation of the Post-Synchronization Mapping (PM) Table	89	(1)
Estimating Location of a Node Multi-Hop Away from Reference Nodes	90	(1)
Implementation Results	91	(7)
Two-Node Setting: Evaluating Location Tracking	91	(2)
Five-Node Setting: Single-Hop Location Estimations with Two Reference Nodes	93	(2)
Five-Node Setting: Multi-Hop Location Estimations with Secondary Reference	95	(3)
Error in Location Estimation: A Simulation Study	98	(1)
Discussion	99	(2)
References	100	(1)
A Routing Strategy for Effective Load Balancing Using Smart Antennas	101	(34)
Introduction	101	(4)
System Description	105	(8)
Some Important Definitions	105	(4)
Network Awareness	109	(1)
Formation of AST and NANL	110	(1)
Formation of ANL	111	(1)
Formation of GLST	112	(1)
Network-Aware Routing with Maximally Zone-Disjoint Shortest Path	113	(6)
Maximally Zone-Disjoint Shortest-Path Routing	114	(2)
Finding the Maximally Zone-Disjoint Shortest Path: An Analysis	116	(2)
Adaptive Route Selection	118	(1)
Maximally Zone-Disjoint Multipath Routing	119	(5)
Multipath Routing Using Omni-Directional and Directional Antennas	119	(4)
Selecting Maximally Zone-Disjoint Multipath Routes	123	(1)
Performance Evaluation	124	(8)
Simulation Environment	124	(1)
Impact of Overhead	124	(4)
Evaluation under Static Scenarios	128	(2)
Evaluation under Mobile Scenarios	130	(2)
Discussion	132	(3)
References	133	(2)
Priority-Based QoS Routing Protocols Using Smart Antennas	135	(48)
Introduction	135	(3)
A Few Related Definitions	138	(1)
Priority-Based QoS Routing Using Zone Reservation	139	(11)
Zone Reservation and Route Computation by High-Priority Flows	140	(1)
Route Computation and Adaptive Call Blocking by Low-Priority Flows	141	(1)
Route Computation without Call Blocking	141	(1)
Route Computation with Call Blocking	142	(1)
Performance Evaluation	143	(1)
Effectiveness of Zone-Reservation Protocol	144	(1)
Effectiveness of the Call-Blocking Scheme	145	(5)
Priority-Based Flow-Rate Control for QoS Provisioning Using Feedback Control	150	(23)
A Control-Theoretic Approach	154	(1)
Some Preliminaries on Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Control	154	(1)
Priority-Based Flow Control Strategies Using a PID Controller	155	(4)
Priority-Based Flow-Control Scheme Using Directional Antennas	159	(1)
Detecting and Measuring High-Priority Flow Rates by Other Flows	159	(4)
Feedback Control of Low-Priority Flow Rate	163	(1)
Performance Evaluation	164	(1)
Performance of Low-Priority-Flow-Controller (LPC)	165	(5)
Evaluating the System Performance in Random Topology	170	(3)
Service Differentiation in Multi-Hop Intervehicular Communication	173	(5)
Routing in an Unbounded Network	173	(1)
Bounded versus Unbounded Networks	174	(1)
Application-Dependent Route Discovery Process	175	(1)
Implementation of Prioritized Routing Scheme in IVC Scenario	176	(1)
Route Computation and Zone Reservation by High-Priority Flows	176	(1)
Route Computation and Adaptive Call Blocking by Low-Priority Flows	177	(1)
Discussion	178	(5)
References	180	(3)
Conclusion	183	(4)
Index	187