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Preface | p. xi |
Basic Concepts | p. 1 |
Science, Politics, and Ethics | p. 3 |
Discussion: Global Climate Change | p. 3 |
Discussion Topics | p. 6 |
Introduction: Why Philosophy? | p. 6 |
Science and Ethics | p. 8 |
Philosophy, Politics, and Ethical Relativism | p. 15 |
Environmental Ethics: An Overview | p. 16 |
Summary | p. 18 |
Notes | p. 19 |
Discussion Questions | p. 19 |
Global Environmental Ethics Watch | p. 20 |
Ethical Theories and the Environment | p. 21 |
Discussion: Why Protect Endangered Species? | p. 21 |
Discussion Topics | p. 22 |
Introduction | p. 23 |
Philosophial Ethics: Getting Comfortable with the Topic | p. 24 |
The Natural Law Tradition-Teleology and Virtues | p. 27 |
Contemporary Perspectives on Teleology | p. 30 |
The Utilitarian Tradition | p. 33 |
Contemporary Perspectives on Utilitarianism | p. 36 |
Deontology: An Ethics of Duty and Rights | p. 37 |
Contemporary Perspectives on Deontological Ethics | p. 38 |
Environmental Ethics and Religious Principles | p. 40 |
The Good of God's Creation | p. 41 |
Finding the Divine in Nature | p. 41 |
The Ultimate Respect for and Value of Life | p. 42 |
Social Justice Ministries | p. 42 |
Stewardship | p. 43 |
Summary and Conclusions | p. 43 |
Notes | p. 44 |
Discussion Questions | p. 44 |
Global Environmental Ethics Watch | p. 45 |
Environmental Ethics as Applied Ethics | p. 47 |
Ethics and Economics: Managing Public Lands | p. 49 |
Discussion: BP's Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill | p. 49 |
Discussion Topics | p. 50 |
Introduction | p. 51 |
Conservation or Preservation? | p. 51 |
Managing the National Forests | p. 54 |
Pollution and Economics | p. 59 |
Ethical Issues in Economic Analysis | p. 62 |
Cost-Benefit Analysis | p. 64 |
Ethical Analysis and Environmental Economics | p. 66 |
Summary and Conclusions | p. 71 |
Notes | p. 71 |
Discussion Questions | p. 73 |
Global Environmental Ethics Watch | p. 73 |
Sustainability and Responsibilities to the Future | p. 74 |
Discussion: Sustainability: Fad or Future? | p. 74 |
Discussion Topics | p. 76 |
Introduction | p. 77 |
Do We Have Responsibilities to Future Generations? | p. 78 |
What do We Owe Future Generations? | p. 81 |
Consumption and Sustainable Development | p. 88 |
Summary and Conclusions | p. 92 |
Notes | p. 92 |
Discussion Questions | p. 94 |
Global Environmental Ethics Watch | p. 94 |
Responsibilities to the Natural World: From Anthropocentric to Nonanthropocentric Ethics | p. 95 |
Discussion: Industrial Farming: Mass Producing Animals as Food | p. 95 |
Discussion Topics | p. 91 |
Introduction | p. 97 |
Moral Standing in the Western Tradition | p. 98 |
Early Environmental Ethics | p. 101 |
Moral Standing | p. 105 |
Do Trees Have Standing? | p. 108 |
Peter Singer and the Animal Liberation Movement | p. 110 |
Tom Regan and Animal Rights | p. 112 |
Ethical Implications of Animal Welfare | p. 114 |
Critical Challenges | p. 115 |
Summary and Conclusions | p. 119 |
Notes | p. 119 |
Discussion Questions | p. 121 |
Global Environmental Ethics Watch | p. 122 |
Theories of Environmental Ethics | p. 123 |
Biocentric Ethics and the Inherent Value of Life | p. 125 |
Discussion: Synthetic Biology and the Value of Life | p. 125 |
Discussion Topics | p. 127 |
Introduction | p. 127 |
Instrumental Value and Intrinsic Value | p. 129 |
Biocentric Ethics and the Reverence for Life | p. 132 |
Ethics and Character | p. 135 |
Taylor's Biocentric Ethics | p. 136 |
Practical Implications | p. 140 |
Challenges and Developments | p. 143 |
Summary and Conclusions | p. 145 |
Notes | p. 146 |
Discussion Questions | p. 147 |
Global Environmental Ethics Watch | p. 148 |
Wilderness, Ecology, and Ethics | p. 149 |
Discussion: Wilderness Management: Fighting Fires in Yellowstone | p. 149 |
Discussion Topics | p. 151 |
Introduction | p. 151 |
The Wilderness Ideal | p. 153 |
The Wilderness "Myth": The Contemporary Debate | p. 157 |
From Ecology to Philosophy | p. 163 |
From Ecology to Ethics | p. 169 |
Varieties of Holism | p. 171 |
Summary and Conclusions | p. 173 |
Notes | p. 173 |
Discussion Questions | p. 175 |
Global Environmental Ethics Watch | p. 176 |
The Land Ethic | p. 177 |
Discussion: Hunting, Ethics, and the Environment | p. 177 |
Discussion Topics | p. 178 |
Introduction | p. 179 |
The Land Ethic | p. 180 |
Leopold's Holism | p. 183 |
Criticisms of the Land Ethic: Facts and Values | p. 185 |
Criticisms of the Land Ethic: Holistic Ethics | p. 189 |
Callicott's Revisions | p. 195 |
Summary and Conclusions | p. 199 |
Notes | p. 200 |
Discussion Questions | p. 201 |
Global Environmental Ethics Watch | p. 202 |
Radical Environmental Philosophy: Deep Ecology and Ecofeminism | p. 203 |
Discussion: Environmental Activism or Ecoterrorism? | p. 203 |
Discussion Topics | p. 205 |
Introduction | p. 205 |
Deep Ecology | p. 207 |
The Deep Ecology Platform | p. 208 |
Metaphysical Ecology | p. 209 |
From Metaphysics to Ethics | p. 212 |
Self-Realization And Biocentric Equality | p. 216 |
Criticisms of Deep Ecology | p. 218 |
Ecofeminism: Making Connections | p. 221 |
Ecofeminism: Recent Developments | p. 224 |
Summary and Conclusions | p. 227 |
Notes | p. 228 |
Discussion Questions | p. 231 |
Global Environmental Ethics Watch | p. 231 |
Environmental Justice and Social Ecology | p. 232 |
Discussion: Environmental Refugees | p. 232 |
Discussion Topics | p. 233 |
Introduction | p. 233 |
Property Rights and Libertarian Justice | p. 234 |
Justice as Fairness | p. 238 |
Environmental Justice and Environmental Racism | p. 240 |
Murray Bookchin's Social Ecology | p. 243 |
Critical Reflections | p. 246 |
Summary and Conclusions | p. 248 |
Notes | p. 249 |
Discussion Questions | p. 251 |
Global Environmental Ethics Watch | p. 252 |
Pluralism, Pragmatism, and Sustainability | p. 253 |
Discussion: Carbon Mitigation and Stabilization Wedges | p. 253 |
Discussion Topics | p. 254 |
Introduction: Agreement and Disagreement in Environmental Ethics | p. 255 |
Moral Pluralism and Moral Monism | p. 256 |
Environmental Pragmatism | p. 259 |
Conclusion: Sustainability Revisited | p. 263 |
Notes | p. 265 |
Global Environmental Ethics Watch | p. 265 |
Glossary | p. 267 |
Index | p. 271 |
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