9781133049975

Preface	p. xi
Basic Concepts	p. 1
Science, Politics, and Ethics	p. 3
Discussion: Global Climate Change	p. 3
Discussion Topics	p. 6
Introduction: Why Philosophy?	p. 6
Science and Ethics	p. 8
Philosophy, Politics, and Ethical Relativism	p. 15
Environmental Ethics: An Overview	p. 16
Summary	p. 18
Notes	p. 19
Discussion Questions	p. 19
Global Environmental Ethics Watch	p. 20
Ethical Theories and the Environment	p. 21
Discussion: Why Protect Endangered Species?	p. 21
Discussion Topics	p. 22
Introduction	p. 23
Philosophial Ethics: Getting Comfortable with the Topic	p. 24
The Natural Law Tradition-Teleology and Virtues	p. 27
Contemporary Perspectives on Teleology	p. 30
The Utilitarian Tradition	p. 33
Contemporary Perspectives on Utilitarianism	p. 36
Deontology: An Ethics of Duty and Rights	p. 37
Contemporary Perspectives on Deontological Ethics	p. 38
Environmental Ethics and Religious Principles	p. 40
The Good of God's Creation	p. 41
Finding the Divine in Nature	p. 41
The Ultimate Respect for and Value of Life	p. 42
Social Justice Ministries	p. 42
Stewardship	p. 43
Summary and Conclusions	p. 43
Notes	p. 44
Discussion Questions	p. 44
Global Environmental Ethics Watch	p. 45
Environmental Ethics as Applied Ethics	p. 47
Ethics and Economics: Managing Public Lands	p. 49
Discussion: BP's Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill	p. 49
Discussion Topics	p. 50
Introduction	p. 51
Conservation or Preservation?	p. 51
Managing the National Forests	p. 54
Pollution and Economics	p. 59
Ethical Issues in Economic Analysis	p. 62
Cost-Benefit Analysis	p. 64
Ethical Analysis and Environmental Economics	p. 66
Summary and Conclusions	p. 71
Notes	p. 71
Discussion Questions	p. 73
Global Environmental Ethics Watch	p. 73
Sustainability and Responsibilities to the Future	p. 74
Discussion: Sustainability: Fad or Future?	p. 74
Discussion Topics	p. 76
Introduction	p. 77
Do We Have Responsibilities to Future Generations?	p. 78
What do We Owe Future Generations?	p. 81
Consumption and Sustainable Development	p. 88
Summary and Conclusions	p. 92
Notes	p. 92
Discussion Questions	p. 94
Global Environmental Ethics Watch	p. 94
Responsibilities to the Natural World: From Anthropocentric to Nonanthropocentric Ethics	p. 95
Discussion: Industrial Farming: Mass Producing Animals as Food	p. 95
Discussion Topics	p. 91
Introduction	p. 97
Moral Standing in the Western Tradition	p. 98
Early Environmental Ethics	p. 101
Moral Standing	p. 105
Do Trees Have Standing?	p. 108
Peter Singer and the Animal Liberation Movement	p. 110
Tom Regan and Animal Rights	p. 112
Ethical Implications of Animal Welfare	p. 114
Critical Challenges	p. 115
Summary and Conclusions	p. 119
Notes	p. 119
Discussion Questions	p. 121
Global Environmental Ethics Watch	p. 122
Theories of Environmental Ethics	p. 123
Biocentric Ethics and the Inherent Value of Life	p. 125
Discussion: Synthetic Biology and the Value of Life	p. 125
Discussion Topics	p. 127
Introduction	p. 127
Instrumental Value and Intrinsic Value	p. 129
Biocentric Ethics and the Reverence for Life	p. 132
Ethics and Character	p. 135
Taylor's Biocentric Ethics	p. 136
Practical Implications	p. 140
Challenges and Developments	p. 143
Summary and Conclusions	p. 145
Notes	p. 146
Discussion Questions	p. 147
Global Environmental Ethics Watch	p. 148
Wilderness, Ecology, and Ethics	p. 149
Discussion: Wilderness Management: Fighting Fires in Yellowstone	p. 149
Discussion Topics	p. 151
Introduction	p. 151
The Wilderness Ideal	p. 153
The Wilderness "Myth": The Contemporary Debate	p. 157
From Ecology to Philosophy	p. 163
From Ecology to Ethics	p. 169
Varieties of Holism	p. 171
Summary and Conclusions	p. 173
Notes	p. 173
Discussion Questions	p. 175
Global Environmental Ethics Watch	p. 176
The Land Ethic	p. 177
Discussion: Hunting, Ethics, and the Environment	p. 177
Discussion Topics	p. 178
Introduction	p. 179
The Land Ethic	p. 180
Leopold's Holism	p. 183
Criticisms of the Land Ethic: Facts and Values	p. 185
Criticisms of the Land Ethic: Holistic Ethics	p. 189
Callicott's Revisions	p. 195
Summary and Conclusions	p. 199
Notes	p. 200
Discussion Questions	p. 201
Global Environmental Ethics Watch	p. 202
Radical Environmental Philosophy: Deep Ecology and Ecofeminism	p. 203
Discussion: Environmental Activism or Ecoterrorism?	p. 203
Discussion Topics	p. 205
Introduction	p. 205
Deep Ecology	p. 207
The Deep Ecology Platform	p. 208
Metaphysical Ecology	p. 209
From Metaphysics to Ethics	p. 212
Self-Realization And Biocentric Equality	p. 216
Criticisms of Deep Ecology	p. 218
Ecofeminism: Making Connections	p. 221
Ecofeminism: Recent Developments	p. 224
Summary and Conclusions	p. 227
Notes	p. 228
Discussion Questions	p. 231
Global Environmental Ethics Watch	p. 231
Environmental Justice and Social Ecology	p. 232
Discussion: Environmental Refugees	p. 232
Discussion Topics	p. 233
Introduction	p. 233
Property Rights and Libertarian Justice	p. 234
Justice as Fairness	p. 238
Environmental Justice and Environmental Racism	p. 240
Murray Bookchin's Social Ecology	p. 243
Critical Reflections	p. 246
Summary and Conclusions	p. 248
Notes	p. 249
Discussion Questions	p. 251
Global Environmental Ethics Watch	p. 252
Pluralism, Pragmatism, and Sustainability	p. 253
Discussion: Carbon Mitigation and Stabilization Wedges	p. 253
Discussion Topics	p. 254
Introduction: Agreement and Disagreement in Environmental Ethics	p. 255
Moral Pluralism and Moral Monism	p. 256
Environmental Pragmatism	p. 259
Conclusion: Sustainability Revisited	p. 263
Notes	p. 265
Global Environmental Ethics Watch	p. 265
Glossary	p. 267
Index	p. 271
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1133049974

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