Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Nanotechnology

by Lead, Jamie R.; Smith, Emma

• ISBN13: 9781405176347
• ISBN10: 1405176342
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-09-28
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

This book addresses the generic chemical aspects of nanoparticle properties, behaviour, life-cycle analysis, ecotoxicity and modelling as these relate to their effects in the environment - aquatic, terrestrial and atmospheric. This information is critical for the development of appropriate evidence-based policy and guidelines for risk assessment of nanotechnology.The book compiles the latest information on environmental and health aspects of nanomaterials, discussing the latest advances in the field and integrating knowledge from many different scientific disciplines. The introductory chapter provides an overview of the area and general context, ensuring the text is accessible for scientists who are not experts on in this area.Topics covered include: Nanoparticles in aquatic, terrestrial and atmospheric environments Fate and behaviour of manufactured nanomaterials in the natural environment Ecotoxicology of manufactured nanomaterials. Occupational health and exposure of nanomaterialsThe book concludes with a discussion on the worldwide regulatory and policy responses to nanomaterials.

Author Biography

Dr Jamie Lead is Reader in Aquatic Chemistry at the University of Birmingham. He is co-editor of the book Environmental Colloids and Particles (06) Wiley.

Table of Contents

Preface

Biographies

Contributors

Overview of Nanoscience in the Environment

Introduction

History

Definitions

Investment and International Efforts

Development: Four Anticipated Generations

Applications of Nanotechnology

Potential Benefits of Nanotechnology

Potential Adverse Effects of Nanomaterials

Classification

Sources of Nanomaterials in the Environment

Properties of Nanomaterials

Nanomaterial Structure-Toxicity Relationship

Environmental Fate and Behaviour of Nanomaterials

Potential for Human Exposure

Detection and Characterization of Nanomaterials

Issues to be Addressed

Conclusion

References

Nanomaterials: Properties, Preparation and Applications

Overview

Introduction

Nanoparticle Architecture

Particle Properties

Nanoparticle Preparation

Applications of Nanoparticles and Nanotechnology

Implication for Environmental Issues

Conclusions

References

Size/Shape-Property Relationships of Non-Carbonaceous Inorganic Nanoparticles and Their Environmental Implications

Introduction

Inorganic Nanoparticle Anatomy

Redox Chemistry of Nanoparticles

Size Effects in Nanoparticle Sorption Processes

Nanoparticle Fate: Dissolution and Solid State Cation Movement

Effect of Nanoparticle Aggregation on Physical and Chemical Properties

Environmental Implications: General Discussion, Recommendations and Outlook

References

Natural Colloids and Nanoparticles in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments

Introduction

Definition

Major Types of Environmental Colloids

Intrinsic Properties of Environmental Colloidal Particles

Interaction Forces Between Colloidal Particles

Fate and Behaviour of Colloids in Aquatic Systems

Fate and Behaviour of Colloids and Nanoparticles in Porous Media

Conclusion

References

Atmospheric Nanoparticles

Introduction

Sources of Atmospheric Nanoparticles

Chemical Composition of Atmospheric Nanoparticles

Fate and Behaviour of Atmospheric Nanoparticles

Atmospheric Concentrations

Measurement Methods for Atmospheric Nanoparticles

Conclusions

References

Analysis and Characterization of Manufactured Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environments

Introduction

Nanoparticle Analysis and Characterization Methods

Analytical Test Strategy in NP Exposure Assessment

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Ecotoxicology of Manufactured Nanoparticles

Introduction

Physico-Chemical Transformation of Nanoparticles

Mechanisms of Nanoparticle Toxicity in the Environment

Development of Valid/Realistic Toxicity Testing Protocols

Review of Ecotoxicity Studies

General Conclusions and Future Directions

References

Exposure to Nanoparticles

Introduction

Physical Characteristics and Properties of Nanoparticles

Nanoparticle Exposure

Control of Exposure

Discussion

References

Human Toxicology and Effects of Nanoparticles

Introduction

Ultrafine Particle Toxicology

Engineered Nanoparticles

Relating Physico-Chemical Properties to Toxicity; Structure: Activity Relationships

Suggestions for Future Study Designs

Conclusions

Abbreviations

References

Risk Assessment of Manufactured Nanomaterials

Introduction

Risk Assessment Process

Nanomaterials Issues for Risk Assessment

Assembling Evidence for Safety and Intervention

International Case Studies

Data Gaps in Risk Assessment of Nanomaterials

Summary

References

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