Environmental Hydraulics For Open Channel Flows

by Chanson

• ISBN13: 9780750661652
• ISBN10: 0750661658
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-02-13
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

Environmental Hydraulics is a new text for students and professionals studying advanced topics in river and estuarine systems. The book contains the full range of subjects on open channel flows, including mixing and dispersion, Saint-Venant equations method of characteristics and interactions between flowing water and its surrondings (air entrainment, sediment transport). Following the approach of Hubert Chanson's highly successful undergraduate textbook Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow, the reader is guided step-by-step from the basic principles to more advanced practical applications. Each section of the book contains many revision exercises, problems and assignments to help the reader test their learning in practical situations.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Acknowledgements	xvi
About the author	xviii
Dedication	xxi
Glossary	xxii
List of symbols	xlv
Part 1 Introduction to Open Channel Flows	1	(34)
1. Introduction	3	(8)
1.1 Presentation	3	(2)
1.2 Fluid properties	5	(1)
1.3 Fluid statics	6	(1)
1.4 Open channel flows	7	(3)
1.5 Exercises	10	(1)
2. Fundamentals of open channel flows	11	(24)
2.1 Presentation	11	(4)
2.2 Fundamental principles	15	(4)
2.3 Open channel hydraulics of short, frictionless transitions	19	(5)
2.4 The hydraulic jump	24	(2)
2.5 Open channel flow in long channels	26	(7)
2.6 Summary	33	(1)
2.6 Exercises	34	(1)
Part 2 Turbulent Mixing and Dispersion in Rivers and Estuaries: An Introduction	35	(142)
3. Introduction to mixing and dispersion in natural waterways	37	(12)
3.1 Introduction	37	(3)
3.2 Laminar and turbulent flows	40	(4)
3.3 Basic definitions	44	(1)
3.4 Structure of the section	45	(1)
3.5 Appendix A - Application: buoyancy force exerted on a submerged air bubble	46	(2)
3.6 Appendix B - Freshwater properties	48	(1)
3.7 Exercises	48	(1)
3.8 Exercise solutions	48	(1)
4. Turbulent shear flows	49	(16)
4.1 Presentation	49	(5)
4.2 Jets and wakes
4.3 Boundary layer flows	54	(4)
4.4 Fully developed open channel flows	58	(2)
4.5 Mixing in turbulent shear flows	60	(3)
4.6 Exercises	63	(1)
4.7 Exercise solutions	64	(1)
5. Diffusion: basic theory	65	(10)
5.1 Basic equations	65	(2)
5.2 Applications	67	(5)
5.3 Appendix A - Mathematical aids	72	(2)
5.4 Exercises	74	(1)
5.5 Exercise solutions	74	(1)
6. Advective diffusion	75	(6)
6.1 Basic equations	75	(1)
6.2 Basic applications	76	(3)
6.3 Two- and three-dimensional applications	79	(1)
6.4 Exercises	80	(1)
6.5 Exercise solutions	80	(1)
7. Turbulent dispersion and mixing: 1. Vertical and transverse mixing	81	(18)
7.1 Introduction	81	(2)
7.2 Flow resistance in open channel flows	83	(1)
7.3 Vertical and transverse (lateral) mixing in turbulent river flows	84	(4)
7.4 Turbulent mixing applications	88	(3)
7.5 Discussion	91	(2)
7.6 Appendix A - Friction factor calculations	93	(1)
7.7 Appendix B - Random walk model	93	(2)
7.8 Appendix C - Turbulent mixing in hydraulic jumps and bores	95	(2)
7.9 Exercises	97	(1)
7.10 Exercise solutions	97	(2)
8. Turbulent dispersion and mixing: 2. Longitudinal dispersion	99	(18)
8.1 Introduction	99	(1)
8.2 One-dimensional turbulent dispersion	100	(1)
8.3 Longitudinal dispersion in natural streams	101	(5)
8.4 Approximate models for longitudinal dispersion	106	(3)
8.5 Design applications	109	(2)
8.6 Exercises	111	(2)
8.7 Exercise solutions	113	(4)
9. Turbulent dispersion in natural systems	117	(27)
9.1 Introduction	117	(3)
9.2 Longitudinal dispersion in natural rivers with dead zones	120	(7)
9.3 Dispersion and transport of reactive contaminants	127	(3)
9.4 Transport with reaction	130	(6)
9.5 Appendix A - Air-water mass transfer in air-water flows	136	(2)
9.6 Appendix B - Solubility of nitrogen, oxygen and argon in water	138	(1)
9.7 Appendix C Molecular diffusion coefficients in water (after Chanson 1997a)	139	(1)
9.8 Exercises	140	(1)
9.9 Exercise solutions	141	(3)
10. Mixing in estuaries	144	(33)
10.1 Presentation	144	(5)
10.2 Basic mechanisms	149	(10)
10.3 Applications	159	(5)
10.4 Turbulent mixing and dispersion coefficients in estuaries	164	(1)
10.5 Applications	165	(6)
10.6 Appendix A Observations of mixing and dispersion coefficients in estuarine zones	171	(2)
10.7 Exercises	173	(2)
10.8 Exercise solutions	175	(2)
Part 2 Revision exercises	177	(6)
Assignment solutions	179	(4)
Part 3 Introduction to Unsteady Open Channel Flows	183	(133)
11. Unsteady open channel flows: 1. Basic equations	185	(38)
11.1 Introduction	185	(4)
11.2 Basic equations	189	(9)
11.3 Method of characteristics	198	(13)
11.4 Discussion	211	(6)
11.5 Exercises	217	(2)
11.6 Exercise solutions	219	(4)
12. Unsteady open channel flows: 2. Applications	223	(40)
12.1 Introduction	223	(1)
12.2 Propagation of waves	224	(3)
12.3 The simple wave problem	227	(6)
12.4 Positive and negative surges	233	(14)
12.5 The kinematic wave problem	247	(2)
12.6 The diffusion wave problem	249	(6)
12.7 Appendix A - Gaussian error functions	255	(1)
12.8 Exercises	256	(2)
12.9 Exercise solutions	258	(5)
13. Unsteady open channel flows: 3. Application to dam break wave	263	(39)
13.1 Introduction	263	(5)
13.2 Dam break wave in a horizontal channel	268	(10)
13.3 Effects of flow resistance	278	(8)
13.4 Embankment dam failures	286	(7)
13.5 Related flow situations	293	(6)
13.6 Exercises	299	(1)
13.7 Exercise solutions	300	(2)
14. Numerical modelling of unsteady open channel flows	302	(14)
14.1 Introduction	302	(4)
14.2 Explicit finite difference methods	306	(6)
14.3 Implicit finite difference methods	312	(3)
14.4 Exercises	315	(1)
Part 3 Revision exercises	316	(7)
Revision exercise no. 1	316	(1)
Revision exercise no. 2	316	(3)
Revision exercise no. 3	319	(1)
Revision exercise no. 4	320	(3)
Part 4 Interactions between Flowing Water and its Surroundings	323	(76)
15. Interactions between flowing water and its surroundings: introduction	325	(6)
15.1 Presentation	325	(5)
15.2 Terminology	330	(1)
15.3 Structure of this section	330	(1)
16. Interaction between flowing water and solid boundaries: sediment processes	331	(17)
16.1 Introduction	331	(2)
16.2 Physical properties of sediments	333	(2)
16.3 Threshold of sediment bed motion	335	(4)
16.4 Sediment transport	339	(2)
16.5 Total sediment transport rate	341	(6)
16.6 Exercises	347	(1)
17. Interaction between flowing water and free surfaces: self-aeration and air entrainment	348	(58)
17.1 Introduction	348	(1)
17.2 Free-surface aeration in turbulent flows: basic mechanisms	348	(10)
17.3 Dimensional analysis and similitude	358	(6)
17.4 Basic metrology in air-water flow studies	364	(9)
17.5 Applications	373	(11)
17.6 Appendix A - Air bubble diffusion in plunging jet flows (after Chanson 1997a)	384	(5)
17.7 Appendix B -Air bubble diffusion in self-aerated supercritical flows	389	(4)
17.8 Appendix C -Air bubble diffusion in high-velocity water jets	393	(3)
17.9 Exercises	396	(3)
Appendix A: Constants and fluid properties	399	(4)
Appendix B: Unit conversions	403	(3)
References	406	(17)
Abbreviations of journals and institutions	420	(1)
Common bibliographical abbreviations	421	(2)
Index	423