Environmental Transport Processes

by Logan, Bruce E.

• ISBN13: 9780470619599
• ISBN10: 0470619597
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2012-03-13
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

Developed as a reference for transport phenomena courses, this completely revised second edition of Environmental Transport Processes provides a readable and approachable treatment of environmental systems. The text features a unique combination of material from different fields (mass transport, kinetics, wastewater treatment, unit processes) and includes pertinent literature not available in any other texts. Rich with examples and problems to help reinforce students' learning, the updated edition addresses new and emerging topics, such as non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), the subject of aggregates, and biofilm kinetic models merged with mass transport concepts.

Author Biography

Burce E. Logan is the Stan and Flora Kappe Professor of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Penn State. He is Director of the Engineering Energy Environmental Institute and the Hydrogen Energy (H2E) Center. Dr. Logan has won several awards for his research and articles and has authored Microbial Fuel Cells, also from Wiley.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xi
Introdction	p. 1
Background	p. l
Notation for chemical transport	p. 2
Simplifications for environmental systems	p. 5
Review of mass balances	p. 11
Equilibrium Calculations	p. 18
Introduction	p. 18
Thermodynamic state functions	p. 20
Chemical potentials	p. 21
Gibbs free energy and equilibrium constants	p. 23
Distribution of chemicals based on fugacities	p. 25
Diffusive Transport	p. 43
Introduction	p. 43
Diffusion	p. 43
Calculation of molecular diffusion coefficients	p. 45
Effective diffusion coefficients in porous media	p. 53
Experimental determination of diffusivities and molecular size spectra	p. 59
The Constitutive Transport Equation	p. 79
Introduction	p. 79
Derivation of the general transport equation	p. 80
Special forms of the general transport equation	p. 81
Similarity of mass, momentum, and heat dispersion laws	p. 84
Transport relative to moving coordinate systems	p. 86
Simplified forms of the constitutive transport equation	p. 89
The constitutive transport equation in cylindrical and spherical coordinates	p. 91
Concertration Profiles and Chemical Fluxes	p. 95
Introduction	p. 95
The three theories of mass transport	p. 95
Mass transport in radial and cylindrical coordinates using shell balances	p. 112
Mass Transport Correlations: Form Theory to Empiricism	p. 120
Definition of a mass transport coefficient	p. 120
The three theories	p. 121
Multiple resistances during interphase mass transport	p. 125
Correlations for mass transport coefficients	p. 132
Transport to spheres	p. 135
Transport in Sheared Reactors	p. 140
Introduction	p. 140
Fluid shear and turbulence	p. 141
Mass transport in steady sheared fluids	p. 145
Mass transport in turbulent sheared fluids	p. 148
Shear rates in mixed reactors	p. 149
Chemical transport in bubbled reactors	p. 158
Suspended Unattached and Aggregated Microorganisms	p. 167
Introduction	p. 167
Chemical transport to cells at rest	p. 167
Effect of fluid motion on microorganisms	p. 170
Transport to microbial aggregates	p. 175
Effectiveness factors for mass transport	p. 184
Relative uptake factors for mass transport	p. 187
Biofilms	p. 194
Introduction	p. 194
Transport in the fluid layer above a biofilm	p. 194
Biofilm kinetics	p. 198
Modeling completely mixed biofilm reactors: rotating biological contactors	p. 210
Modeling plug flow biofilm reactors: packed beds	p. 213
Modeling wetted wall biofilm reactors: trickling filters	p. 215
Electrogenic biofilms	p. 225
Disperspn	p. 232
Introduction	p. 232
Averaging properties to derive dispersion coefficients in turbulent fluids	p. 235
Dispersion in nonbounded turbulent sheared fluids	p. 239
Longitudinal dispersion coefficients for defined systems	p. 244
Dispersion in porous media	p. 253
Rivers, Lakes, and Oceans	p. 264
Introduction	p. 264
Chemical transport in rivers	p. 265
Mixing in lakes	p. 273
Mixing in estuaries	p. 277
Miiing in the ocean	p. 279
Transport of chemicals present as pure phases	p. 280
Chemical Transport in Porous Media	p. 292
Introduction	p. 292
Porous media hydraulics	p. 292
Contaminant transport of conservative tracers	p. 295
Transport with reaction	p. 298
Transport with chemical adsorption	p. 299
Formation of ganglia of nonaqueous phase-liquids	p. 306
Mass transport calculations of chemical fluxes from NAPL ganglia	p. 315
Particles and Fractals	p. 331
Introduction	p. 331
Particle size spectra	p. 332
Solid particles and fractal aggregate geometries	p. 336
Measuring particle size distributions	p. 351
Calculating fractal dimensions from particle size distributions	p. 353
Coagulation in Natural and Engineered Systems	p. 362
Introduction	p. 362
The general coagulation equations: integral and summation forms	p. 363
Factors affecting the stability of aquasols	p. 364
Coagulation kinetics: collision kernels for spheres	p. 374
Fractal coagulation models	p. 388
Coagulation in the ocean	p. 397
Praticle Transport in Porous Media	p. 408
Introduction	p. 408
A macroscopic particle transport equation	p. 409
Clean-bed filtration theory	p. 411
Discrete particle size distributions prepared by filtration	p. 426
The dimensionless collision number	p. 432
Pressure drops in clean-bed filters	p. 434
Particle accumulation in filters	p. 435
Particle transport in aquifers	p. 437
Appendicies	p. 445
Notation	p. 445
Transport equations	p. 452
Chemical properties	p. 453
Solutions of differential equations	p. 458
References	p. 465
Index	p. 475
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