Epigenomics

by Ferguson-Smith, Anne C.; Greally, John M.; Martienssen, Robert A.

• ISBN13: 9781402091865
• ISBN10: 1402091869
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-05-30
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

Epigenetic modifications act on DNA and its packaging proteins, the histones, to regulate genome function. Manifest as the heritable methylation of DNA and as post-translational histone modifications, these molecular flags influence the architecture and integrity of the chromosome, the accessibility of DNA to gene regulatory components and the ability of chromatin to interact within nuclear complexes. While a multicellular individual has only one genome, it has multiple epigenomes reflecting the diversity of cell types and their properties at different times of life; in health and in disease. Relationships are emerging between the underlying DNA sequence and dynamic epigenetic states and their consequences,such as the role of RNA interference and non-coding RNA. These integrated approaches go hand-in-hand with studies describing the genomic locations of epigenetic modifications in different cell types at different times.The excitement and curiosity surrounding epigenomics is driven by a growing community of researchers in a burgeoning field and the development of new technologies built on the backbone of genome sequencing projects. Research has shown that the adaptability and vulnerability of epigenetic states has profound effects on natural variation, the response of the genome to its environment and on health and disease. The aim of this volume is not to describe epigenomes, but rather to explore how understanding epigenomes tells us more about how biological systems work and the challenges and approaches taken to accomplish this. These contributions have attempted to integrate epigenomics into our understanding of genomes in wider context, and to communicate some of the wonders of epigenetics illustrated through examples across the biological spectrum.

Table of Contents

Epigenomic Technologies and Analytical Approaches
Strategies for Epigenome Analysis	p. 3
Sequencing the Epigenome	p. 19
Integrating Epigenomic Results	p. 37
Visualising the Epigenome	p. 55
Roles of DNA, RNA and Chromatin in Epigenomics
The Expanding View of Cytosine Methylation	p. 69
Structural and Biochemical Advances in Mammalian DNA Methylation	p. 85
Epigenetic Profiling of Histone Variants	p. 101
Epigenetic Phenomena and Epigenomics in Maize	p. 119
Epigenetic Silencing of Pericentromeric Heterochromatin by RNA Interference in Schizosaccharomyces pombe	p. 149
Describing Epigenomic Information in Arabidopsis	p. 163
Role of Small RNA in Establishing Chromosomal Architecture in Drosophila	p. 177
MacroRNAs in the Epigenetic Control of X-Chromosome Inactivation	p. 187
Epigenetic Control of Developmental Processes
Polycomb Complexes and the Role of Epigenetic Memory in Development	p. 217
Genomic Imprinting - A Model for Roles of Histone Modifications in Epigenetic Control	p. 235
The Epigenomic Landscape of Reprogramming in Mammals	p. 259
Epigenetic Gene Regulation-Lessons from Globin	p. 283
Meiotic Silencing, Infertility and X Chromosome Evolution	p. 301
The Epigenome in Health and Disease
Genome Defense: The Neurospora Paradigm	p. 321
Integrating the Genome and Epigenome in Human Disease	p. 343
A Changing Epigenome in Health and Disease	p. 369
Cancer Epigenomics	p. 385
Epigenetic Modulation by Environmental Factors	p. 397
The Relevance of Epigenetics of Major Psychosis	p. 411
Index	p. 435
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