This volume represents the most comprehensive and authoritative collection of canonical readings in theory of knowledge. It is ideal as a reader for all courses in epistemology.

Ernest Sosa has taught since 1964 at Brown University, where he is now Romeo Elton Professor of Natural Theology and Professor of Philosophy. He is the author of Knowledge in Perspective (1991). He is co-editor (with John Greco) of The Blackwell Guide to Epistemology (1999); and co-editor (with Jaegwon Kim) of A Companion to Metaphysics (Blackwell, 1995) and Metaphysics: An Anthology (Blackwell, 1998).

Jaegwon Kim has taught at Cornell University, Johns Hopkins University, and the University of Michigan, and is now William Perry Faunce Professor of Philosophy at Brown University. He is the author of Supervenience and the Mind (1993) and Philosophy of Mind (1996), and the editor, with Ernest Sosa, of A Companion to Metaphysics (Blackwell, 1995) and Metaphysics: An Anthology (Blackwell, 1998).

Preface

ix

Acknowledgments

x

Part I Skepticism

1

(52)

Introduction

3

(3)

The Problem of the External World

6

(18)

Barry Stroud

Proof of an External World

24

(3)

G. E. Moore

Four Forms of Scepticism

27

(2)

G. E. Moore

Certainty

29

(4)

G. E. Moore

Skepticism, Naturalism and Transcendental Arguments

33

(9)

P. F. Strawson

An Argument for Skepticism

42

(11)

Peter Unger

Part II Defining Knowledge

53

(50)

Introduction

55

(3)

Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?

58

(2)

Edmund Gettier

A Proposed Definition of Propositional Knowledge

60

(7)

Peter Klein

Selections from Thought

67

(12)

Gilbert Harman

Knowledge and Skepticism

79

(24)

Robert Nozick

Part III Contemporary Foundationalism and Coherentism

103

(62)

Introduction

105

(2)

The Myth of the Given

107

(13)

Roderick M. Chisholm

Does Empirical Knowledge Have a Foundation?

120

(5)

Wilfrid Sellars

Epistemic Principles

125

(9)

Wilfrid Sellars

The Raft and the Pyramid

134

(20)

Ernest Sosa

A Coherence Theory of Truth and Knowledge

154

(11)

Donald Davidson

Part IV Epistemic Justification

165

(72)

Introduction

167

(3)

Evidentialism

170

(12)

Richard Feldman

Earl Conee

Skepticism and Rationality

182

(10)

Richard Foley

Epistemic Norms

192

(34)

John Pollock

A Foundherentist Theory of Empirical Justification

226

(11)

Susan Haack

Part V The Pyrrhonian Problematic

237

(50)

Introduction

239

(3)

Foundationalism, Epistemic Principles, and the Cartesian Circle

242

(19)

James Van Cleve

Can Empirical Knowledge Have a Foundation?

261

(13)

Laurence BonJour

Reflective Knowledge in the Best Circles

274

(13)

Ernest Sosa

Part VI Epistemology Naturalized

287

(48)

Introduction

289

(3)

Epistemology Naturalized

292

(9)

W. V. Quine

What Is ``Naturalized Epistemology''?

301

(13)

Jaegwon Kim

Why Reason Can't Be Naturalized

314

(11)

Hilary Putnam

The Old Skepticism, the New Foundationalism, and Naturalized Epistemology

325

(10)

Robert Audi

Part VII Epistemic Externalism

335

(98)

Introduction

337

(3)

What Is Justified Belief?

340

(14)

Alvin I. Goldman

How to Think about Reliability

354

(18)

William P. Alston

The Generality Problem for Reliabilism

372

(15)

Earl Conee

Richard Feldman

Externalism and Epistemology Naturalized

387

(14)

Keith Lehrer

Externalism and Skepticism

401

(12)

Richard Fumerton

Knowledge and the Internal

413

(11)

John McDowell

Knowledge and the Social Articulation of the Space of Reasons

424

(9)

Robert Brandom

Part VIII Virtue Epistemology and Proper Cognitive Functioning

433

(44)

Introduction

435

(3)

Epistemic Folkways and Scientific Epistemology

438

(7)

Alvin I. Goldman

Warrant: A First Approximation

445

(12)

Alvin Plantinga

Virtues of the Mind

457

(11)

Linda Zagzebski

Virtues and Vices of Virtue Epistemology

468

(9)

John Greco

Part IX Epistemic Contextualism

477

(54)

Introduction

479

(3)

Solving the Skeptical Problem

482

(21)

Keith DeRose

Elusive Knowledge

503

(14)

David Lewis

Contextualist Solutions to Epistemological Problems: Scepticism, Gettier, and the Lottery

517

(14)

Stewart Cohen

Part X Relativism

531

(53)

Introduction

533

(3)

Epistemological Realism

536

(20)

Michael Williams

Justification, Meta-Epistemology, and Meaning

556

(15)

Paul Moser

Reflective Equilibrium, Analytic Epistemology, and the Problem of Cognitive Diversity

571

(13)

Stephen Stich

Index

584

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