Essential Cognitive Psychology

by Parkin,Alan J.

• ISBN13: 9780863776724
• ISBN10: 0863776728
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-06-20
• Publisher: Psychology Pres

Summary

This new textbook provides a clear, fundamental grounding in cognitive psychology for beginning undergraduates.Essential Cognitive Psychologyfills the void between low level introductory texts and more advanced books on the topic. This book provides the reader with highly accessible overviews of all core topics in the field. These are designed to be a strong basis for developing further interest in cognitive psychology but, at the same time, provide a self-contained account suitable for all students in psychology whose training requires degree-level competence in the subject. Beginning with a chapter on the origins of cognitive psychology, which facilitates an understanding of the topic as a whole, the book goes on to cover visual perception, attention, memory, knowledge, imagery, language, and reasoning and problem solving. Each chapter inEssential Cognitive Psychologyalso contains a list of key terms highlighted in the text and a series of revision questions which address key issuesin the chapter. There are also suggestions for further reading. Written by an internationally recognised scientist and established book author,Essential Cognitive Psychologywill be welcomed by teachers and students who require a thorough grounding in the topic without the specialization of more advanced textbooks.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
The origins of cognitive psychology	1	(26)
Behaviourism	2	(4)
Gestalt psychology	6	(1)
Skinner and language	7	(2)
The birth of modern cognitive psychology	9	(3)
The computer analogy	12	(2)
Using human information processing as a scientific theory	14	(2)
Nativism and nomotheism	16	(2)
Good and bad cognitive psychology	18	(1)
Connectionism	19	(1)
Cognitive neuropsychology	20	(2)
Cognitive neuroscience	22	(2)
Overview	24	(1)
Suggested further reading	25	(1)
Revision questions	26	(1)
Visual perception	27	(26)
Forms of perceptual process	27	(9)
Object recognition	36	(6)
Overview of theories of perception	42	(8)
Overview	50	(1)
Suggested further reading	51	(1)
Revision questions	51	(2)
Attention	53	(26)
Selective attention	53	(10)
Resource models of attention	63	(2)
Selection and resources in attention	65	(7)
Norman and Shallice's model	72	(3)
Covert attention	75	(1)
Overview	76	(1)
Suggested further reading	77	(1)
Revision questions	77	(2)
Memory: Short-term storage	79	(18)
Memory and the behaviourist era	79	(1)
Memory and cognitive psychology	80	(1)
The serial position curve	81	(2)
Short-term and long-term store	83	(1)
Sensory memory	84	(3)
Echoic memory	87	(1)
Recency and STS capacity	88	(1)
Long-term recency	89	(2)
Is STS still a valid concept?	91	(2)
Drugs and STS	93	(1)
Amnesia and recency effects	93	(2)
Overview	95	(1)
Suggested further reading	96	(1)
Revision questions	96	(1)
Memory: Long-term store	97	(16)
The organisation of long-term store	97	(1)
A three component model of LTS	98	(2)
Experimental evidence	100	(1)
Amnesia and the episodic-semantic distinction	101	(3)
Implicit and explicit memory	104	(5)
Implicit learning	109	(2)
Overview	111	(1)
Suggested further reading	111	(1)
Revision questions	112	(1)
Memory: Codes, processes, and loops	113	(18)
Memory codes	113	(1)
Codes in verbal memory	114	(1)
Levels of processing	115	(6)
Working memory	121	(7)
Overview	128	(1)
Suggested further reading	129	(1)
Revision questions	129	(2)
Memory: Remembering and forgetting	131	(26)
How do we know memory is selective?	131	(2)
Theories of remembering	133	(1)
Clarifying our terms	134	(1)
Generation--recognition	135	(3)
Forgetting	138	(2)
Context	140	(2)
Components of recognition memory	142	(1)
Subjective differences in recognition memory	143	(2)
Process dissociation framework	145	(7)
Repression, false memory and hypnosis	152	(2)
Overview	154	(1)
Suggested further reading	155	(1)
Revision questions	155	(2)
Knowledge	157	(12)
Experimental evidence	157	(1)
Meaning in terms of defining attributes	158	(9)
Overview	167	(1)
Suggested further reading	168	(1)
Revision questions	168	(1)
Imagery	169	(18)
Knowledge as propositions	171	(1)
Imagery as an experimental variable	172	(1)
The dual coding hypothesis	173	(5)
Arguments against mental imagery	178	(2)
Imagery as perception	180	(1)
Neuropsychological evidence for mental imagery	181	(2)
Conclusion	183	(1)
Overview	184	(1)
Suggested further reading	184	(1)
Revision questions	185	(2)
Language: Speech recognition	187	(18)
The nature of true language	187	(2)
Speech recognition	189	(13)
Overview	202	(1)
Suggested further reading	203	(1)
Revision questions	203	(2)
Language: Word recognition and reading	205	(22)
Eye movements	205	(8)
Word recognition	213	(10)
Overview	223	(1)
Suggested further reading	224	(1)
Revision questions	225	(2)
Language: Comprehension	227	(20)
Competence and performance	227	(2)
Transformational grammar	229	(5)
Syntax, clauses, and memory	234	(1)
Inference	235	(6)
Overview	241	(3)
Suggested further reading	244	(1)
Revision questions	245	(2)
Language: Speaking and thinking	247	(14)
Speech production	247	(4)
Inner speech	251	(3)
Language and thought: The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis	254	(3)
Overview	257	(1)
Suggested further reading	258	(1)
Revision questions	258	(3)
Reasoning	261	(18)
Induction versus deduction	262	(2)
Representativeness	264	(3)
Correlation	267	(2)
Deduction	269	(2)
Hypothesis testing	271	(3)
Mental models	274	(2)
Overview	276	(1)
Suggested further reading	277	(1)
Revision questions	277	(2)
Problem solving	279	(18)
States, goals, and operators	280	(1)
Problem-solving heuristics	281	(2)
Problem solving using analogy	283	(2)
Games and expertise	285	(2)
Other forms of expertise	287	(2)
Creativity	289	(2)
The nature of creative individuals	291	(3)
Overview	294	(1)
Suggested further reading	295	(1)
Revision questions	295	(2)
Glossary	297	(26)
References	323	(18)
Author index	341	(6)
Subject index	347	(6)
Illustration credits	353