Essential Criminology

by Lanier, Mark M.; Henry, Stuart

• ISBN13: 9780813340906
• ISBN10: 081334090X
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-02-12
• Publisher: Westview Pr

Summary

The updated edition builds on the authors' acclaimed theory of the "Crime Prism"

Author Biography

Mark M. Lanier is Associate Professor of Criminal Justice at the University of Central Florida. He holds an interdisciplinary doctoral degree from Michigan State University with (1993). He taught at Eastern Michigan University from 1994-95. He has published numerous articles in a variety of disciplinary journals including public health, criminal justice, criminology, law and psychology. His funded research is on youth and HIV/AIDS and community policing. He was awarded Distinguished Researcher of the Year from the College of Health and Public Affairs at the University of Central Florida in 1997. He co-authored (with Stuart Henry) Essential Criminology (1998; 2004) and co-edited (with Stuart Henry) What is Crime? (2001). Stuart Henry is Professor of Social Science and Chair of the Department of Interdisciplinary Studies in the College of Urban, Labor and Metropolitan Affairs at Wayne State University. Dr. Henry’s research focuses on issues of crime, deviance and social control. He has 21 books published, including Criminological Theory (with Werner Einstadter, 1995) and Constitutive Criminology (with Dragan Milovanovic, 1996). His most recent books include: What is Crime? (with Mark Lanier, 2001) and Essential Criminology 2nd edition (with Mark Lanier, 2004). He serves on the editorial boards of Theoretical Criminology and Critical Criminology. He is also member of the Board of Directors of the Association of Integrative Studies.

Table of Contents

List of Tables and Figures	ix
Preface and Acknowledgments	xi
What Is Criminology? The Study of Crime, Criminals, and Victims	1	(17)
What Is Criminology?	3	(3)
Criminological Theory	6	(9)
Victimology	15	(1)
Summary	16	(2)
What Is Crime? Defining and Measuring the Crime Problem	18	(50)
Legal Definition	20	(2)
Consensus and Conflict Approaches	22	(6)
Hagan's Pyramid of Crime	28	(7)
The Prism of Crime	35	(5)
Application of the Integrated Prism to School Violence	40	(10)
Measuring Crime	50	(1)
Government Measures of Crime	50	(8)
What the UCR and NCVS Tell About Crime Trends	58	(3)
Independent Crime Measures	61	(4)
Summary	65	(2)
Notes	67	(1)
Classical, Neoclassical, and Rational Choice Theories	68	(33)
The Preclassical Era	70	(2)
The Classical Reaction	72	(6)
Neoclassical Revisions	78	(1)
Criminal Justice Implications: The Move to ``Justice'' Theory	79	(10)
Redefining Rational Choice: Situational Factors and Routine Activities Theory	89	(9)
Summary and Conclusion	98	(1)
Summary Chart: Classical, Rational Choice, and Routine Activities Theories	99	(2)
``Born to Be Bad'': Biological, Physiological, and Biosocial Theories of Crime	101	(25)
Biological and Positivistic Assumptions	103	(2)
The Born Criminal	105	(2)
Early U.S. Family-Type and Body-Type Theories	107	(3)
Contemporary Biological Perspectives	110	(3)
Biosocial Criminology: A Developmental Explanation of Crime	113	(10)
Summary and Conclusion	123	(1)
Summary Chart: Biological Theory	124	(2)
Criminal Minds: Psychiatric and Psychological Explanations for Crime	126	(30)
From Sick Minds to Abnormal Behavior	129	(1)
Shared Psychological Assumptions	130	(1)
The Psychoanalytic Approach	131	(6)
Trait-Based Personality Theories	137	(6)
Behavioral, Situational, and Social Learning Theories	143	(3)
Cognitive Theories	146	(4)
Ecological Psychology	150	(2)
Summary and Conclusion	152	(1)
Summary Chart: Psychological Theories of Crime	153	(2)
Notes	155	(1)
Learning Criminal Behavior: Social Process Theories	156	(23)
Common Themes and Different Assumptions	160	(2)
Sutherland's Differential Association Theory	162	(6)
Neutralization Theory: Learning Rationalizations as Motives	168	(8)
Summary and Conclusion	176	(1)
Summary Chart: Social Process Theories	177	(2)
Failed Socialization: Control Theory, Social Bonds, and Labeling	179	(26)
Control Theory: Learning Not to Commit Crime	182	(9)
Labeling Theory: A Special Case of Failed Socialization?	191	(11)
Summary and Conclusion	202	(1)
Summary Chart: Control Theory and Labeling Theory	202	(3)
Crimes of Place: Social Ecology and Cultural Theories of Crime	205	(27)
Common Themes and Assumptions	207	(2)
The Chicago School	209	(6)
The New Social Ecology Theories	215	(8)
Cultural Deviance Theories	223	(3)
New Cultural Theory of Crime	226	(2)
Summary and Conclusion	228	(1)
Summary Chart: Social Ecology Theory and Culture Conflict Theory	229	(3)
The Sick Society: Anomie and Strain Theory	232	(27)
Assumptions of Strain Theory	234	(2)
Founders of Strain Theory	236	(12)
Recent Revisions to Anomie/Strain Theory	248	(8)
Summary and Conclusion	256	(1)
Summary Chart: Anomie/Strain Theory	256	(3)
Capitalism as a Criminogenic Society: Conflict, Marxist, and Radical Theories of Crime	259	(31)
Shared Assumptions and Differences: Conflict, Marxist, and Radical Theories	262	(2)
The Roots of Conflict Criminology	264	(5)
Contemporary Conflict Criminology	269	(6)
The Roots of Radical Theory: Marx's Analysis of Capitalist Society	275	(6)
Contemporary Radical Criminology	281	(1)
Central Themes of Radical Criminology	281	(7)
Summary and Conclusion	288	(1)
Summary Chart: Conflict Theory and Radical Theory	288	(2)
Patriarchy, Gender, and Crime: Feminist Criminological Theory	290	(20)
Basic Assumptions of Feminist Criminology	292	(4)
Liberal Feminism	296	(3)
Radical Feminism	299	(3)
Marxist Feminism	302	(2)
Socialist Feminism	304	(1)
Gendered Theory	305	(1)
Epistemological Issues and Postmodern Feminism	306	(1)
Conclusion	307	(1)
Summary Chart: Feminism	308	(2)
Criminologies for the Twenty-First Century: Globalization, an Issue of War or Peace?	310	(31)
Globalization	311	(6)
Postmodernism	317	(10)
Making Peace, Not War	327	(5)
Restorative Justice	332	(3)
Left Realism	335	(2)
Conclusion	337	(1)
Summary Chart: Critical Criminologies	338	(3)
Conclusion: Integrative Theory	341	(12)
References	353	(60)
Index	413