Essentials of Abnormal Psychology (with CD-ROM)

by Durand, V. Mark; Barlow, David H.

• ISBN13: 9780495031284
• ISBN10: 0495031283
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-07-20
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

This brief version of Durand and Barlow's best-selling text was created specifically for those professors who were drawn to the authors' standard-setting integrative approach but who wanted a shorter, easier book for their students. In this briefer version, the authors explain abnormal psychology in the most modern, scientifically valid method for studying abnormal psychology. Through this integrative approach, students learn that psychological disorders are rooted in multiple factors: biological, psychological, cultural, social, familial, and even political. Conversational writing style, consistent pedagogy, video clips of real clients (located on the accompanying free Abnormal Psychology Live 2.5 CD-ROM), and real case profiles - 95 percent from the authors' own case files - provide a realistic context for the scientific findings of the book, and ensure that readers never lose sight of the fact that beyond the DSM-IV-TR criteria, the theories, and the research are real people. With this text, students can take advantage of Abnormal PsychologyNow, our web-based, intelligent study system that, by using online diagnostic pre- and post-tests, helps students prioritize their study time by creating personalized study plans that focus only the sections in which they experienced difficulty.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xix
Culture Index	p. xxvii
Gender Index	p. xxviii
Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context	p. 1
Understanding Psychopathology	p. 2
Judy: The Girl Who Fainted at the Sight of Blood	p. 2
What Is a Psychological Disorder?	p. 2
The Science of Psychopathology	p. 5
Historical Conceptions of Abnormal Behavior	p. 8
The Supernatural Tradition	p. 8
Demons and Witches	p. 8
Stress and Melancholy	p. 9
Charles VI: The Mad King	p. 9
Treatments for Possession	p. 10
The Moon and the Stars	p. 11
Comments	p. 11
The Biological Tradition	p. 11
Hippocrates and Galen	p. 11
The 19th Century	p. 13
The Development of Biological Treatments	p. 14
Consequences of the Biological Tradition	p. 14
The Psychological Tradition	p. 15
Moral Therapy	p. 15
Asylum Reform and the Decline of Moral Therapy	p. 16
Psychoanalytic Theory	p. 17
Humanistic Theory	p. 24
The Behavioral Model	p. 24
The Present: The Scientific Method and an Integrative Approach	p. 28
Summary	p. 29
Key Terms	p. 30
Answers to Concept Checks	p. 30
Chapter Quiz	p. 32
An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology	p. 33
One-Dimensional or Multidimensional Models	p. 34
What Caused Judy's Phobia?	p. 34
Outcome and Comments	p. 36
Genetic Contributions to Psychopathology	p. 37
The Nature of Genes	p. 38
New Developments in the Study of Genes and Behavior	p. 38
The Interaction of Genetic and Environmental Effects	p. 39
Nongenomic "Inheritance" of Behavior	p. 42
Neuroscience and Its Contributions to Psychopathology	p. 43
The Central Nervous System	p. 44
The Structure of the Brain	p. 45
The Peripheral Nervous System	p. 48
Neurotransmitters	p. 50
Implications for Psychopathology	p. 54
Psychosocial Influences on Brain Structure and Function	p. 54
Interactions of Psychosocial Factors with Brain Structure and Function	p. 56
Comments	p. 56
Behavioral and Cognitive Science	p. 57
Conditioning and Cognitive Processes	p. 57
Learned Helplessness and Learned Optimism	p. 58
Social Learning	p. 59
Prepared Learning	p. 59
Cognitive Science and the Unconscious	p. 60
Emotions	p. 61
The Physiology and Purpose of Fear	p. 61
Emotional Phenomena	p. 62
The Components of Emotion	p. 62
Anger and Your Heart	p. 63
Emotions and Psychopathology	p. 64
Cultural, Social, and Interpersonal Factors	p. 64
Voodoo, the Evil Eye, and Other Fears	p. 65
Gender	p. 65
Social Effects on Health and Behavior	p. 66
Global Incidence of Psychological Disorders	p. 67
Life-Span Development	p. 67
The Principle of Equifinality	p. 68
Conclusions	p. 69
Summary	p. 70
Key Terms	p. 71
Answers to Concept Checks	p. 71
Chapter Quiz	p. 72
Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Research Methods	p. 73
Assessing Psychological Disorders	p. 74
Frank: Young, Serious, and Anxious	p. 74
Key Concepts in Assessment	p. 75
The Clinical Interview	p. 76
Physical Examination	p. 79
Behavioral Assessment	p. 79
Psychological Testing	p. 81
Neuropsychological Testing	p. 85
Neuroimaging: Pictures of the Brain	p. 86
Psychophysiological Assessment	p. 88
Diagnosing Psychological Disorders	p. 89
Classification Issues	p. 90
DSM-IV	p. 92
Current Trends	p. 95
Conducting Research in Psychopathology	p. 97
Basic Components of a Research Study	p. 97
Statistical versus Clinical Significance	p. 99
The "Average" Client	p. 100
Types of Research Methods	p. 101
Studying Individual Cases	p. 101
Research by Correlation	p. 102
Research by Experiment	p. 104
Single-Case Experimental Designs	p. 106
Genetics and Research Across Time and Cultures	p. 110
Studying Genetics	p. 110
Studying Behavior over Time	p. 112
Studying Behavior Across Cultures	p. 115
The Power of a Program of Research	p. 116
Replication	p. 117
Research Ethics	p. 117
Summary	p. 119
Key Terms	p. 120
Answers to Concept Checks	p. 121
Chapter Quiz	p. 122
Anxiety Disorders	p. 123
The Complexity of Anxiety Disorders	p. 124
Anxiety, Fear, and Panic: Some Definitions	p. 124
Gretchen: Attacked by Panic	p. 125
Causes of Anxiety Disorders	p. 126
Comorbidity of Anxiety Disorders	p. 129
Generalized Anxiety Disorder	p. 130
Clinical Description	p. 130
Irene: Ruled by Worry	p. 130
Statistics	p. 131
Causes	p. 132
Treatment	p. 133
Panic Disorder with and without Agoraphobia	p. 135
Mrs. M.: Self-Imprisoned	p. 135
Clinical Description	p. 136
Statistics	p. 137
Causes	p. 140
Treatment	p. 141
Specific Phobia	p. 144
Clinical Description	p. 144
Statistics	p. 147
Causes	p. 148
Treatment	p. 150
Social Phobia	p. 151
Billy: Too Shy	p. 151
Clinical Description	p. 151
Star Player?	p. 151
Statistics	p. 152
Causes	p. 152
Treatment	p. 154
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder	p. 155
Clinical Description	p. 155
The Joneses: One Victim, Many Traumas	p. 155
Statistics	p. 157
Causes	p. 158
Treatment	p. 160
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder	p. 162
Clinical Description	p. 162
Richard: Enslaved by Ritual	p. 162
Statistics	p. 163
Causes	p. 164
Treatment	p. 165
Summary	p. 166
Key Terms	p. 167
Answers to Concept Checks	p. 167
Chapter Quiz	p. 169
Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders	p. 172
Somatoform Disorders	p. 173
Hypochondriasis	p. 173
Gail: Invisibly Ill	p. 174
Somatization Disorder	p. 177
Linda: Full-Time Patient	p. 177
Conversion Disorder	p. 180
Eloise: Unlearning Walking	p. 181
Celia: Seeing Through Blindness	p. 183
Pain Disorder	p. 185
The Medical Student: Temporary Pain	p. 186
The Woman with Cancer: Managing Pain	p. 186
Body Dysmorphic Disorder	p. 186
Jim: Ashamed to Be Seen	p. 186
Dissociative Disorders	p. 191
Depersonalization Disorder	p. 192
Bonnie: Dancing Away from Herself	p. 192
Dissociative Amnesia	p. 193
The Woman Who Lost Her Memory	p. 193
Dissociative Fugue	p. 194
The Misbehaving Sheriff	p. 194
Dissociative Trance Disorder	p. 195
Dissociative Identity Disorder	p. 195
Jonah: Bewildering Blackouts	p. 195
The Hillside Strangler	p. 197
Sybil: A Childhood Drama	p. 198
Summary	p. 203
Key Terms	p. 204
Answers to Concept Checks	p. 204
Chapter Quiz	p. 205
Mood Disorders and Suicide	p. 208
Understanding and Defining Mood Disorders	p. 209
Katie: Weathering Depression	p. 209
An Overview of Depression and Mania	p. 210
The Structure of Mood Disorders	p. 211
Depressive Disorders	p. 212
Jack: A Life Kept Down	p. 213
Bipolar Disorders	p. 216
Jane: Funny, Smart, and Desperate	p. 216
Billy: The World's Best at Everything	p. 217
Prevalence of Mood Disorders	p. 221
In Children and Adolescents	p. 222
In the Elderly	p. 224
Across Cultures	p. 225
Among the Creative	p. 226
The Overlap of Anxiety and Depression	p. 226
Causes of Mood Disorders	p. 228
Biological Dimensions	p. 228
Brain Wave Activity	p. 231
Psychological Dimensions	p. 231
Katie: No Easy Transitions	p. 233
Social and Cultural Dimensions	p. 236
An Integrative Theory	p. 238
Treatment of Mood Disorders	p. 240
Medications	p. 240
Electroconvulsive Therapy and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation	p. 243
Psychological Treatments	p. 244
Beck and Irene: A Dialogue	p. 244
Combined Treatments	p. 247
Preventing Relapse	p. 247
Psychological Treatments for Bipolar Disorder	p. 248
Katie: The Triumph of the Self	p. 249
Suicide	p. 250
Statistics	p. 250
Causes	p. 252
Risk Factors	p. 253
Is Suicide Contagious?	p. 254
Treatment	p. 255
Summary	p. 256
Key Terms	p. 257
Answers to Concept Checks	p. 258
Chapter Quiz	p. 259
Physical Disorders and Health Psychology	p. 262
Psychological and Social Factors That Influence Health	p. 263
Health and Health-Related Behavior	p. 264
The Nature of Stress	p. 265
The Physiology of Stress	p. 265
Contributions to the Stress Response	p. 266
Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and Excitement	p. 267
Stress and the Immune Response	p. 268
Psychosocial Effects on Physical Disorders	p. 271
AIDS	p. 271
Cancer	p. 272
Cardiovascular Problems	p. 274
John: The Human Volcano	p. 274
Hypertension	p. 275
Coronary Heart Disease	p. 276
Chronic Pain	p. 279
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome	p. 282
Psychosocial Treatment of Physical Disorders	p. 284
Biofeedback	p. 285
Relaxation and Meditation	p. 286
A Comprehensive Stress- and Pain-Reduction Program	p. 286
Sally: Improving Her Perception	p. 287
Drugs and Stress-Reduction Programs	p. 288
Denial as a Means of Coping	p. 288
Modifying Behaviors to Promote Health	p. 289
Summary	p. 293
Key Terms	p. 294
Answers to Concept Checks	p. 294
Chapter Quiz	p. 295
Eating and Sleep Disorders	p. 298
Major Types of Eating Disorders	p. 299
Bulimia Nervosa	p. 300
Phoebe: Apparently Perfect	p. 300
Anorexia Nervosa	p. 303
Julie: The Thinner the Better	p. 303
Binge-Eating Disorder	p. 305
Statistics	p. 306
Causes of Eating Disorders	p. 309
Social Dimensions	p. 309
Phoebe: Dancing to Destruction	p. 312
Biological Dimensions	p. 313
Psychological Dimensions	p. 314
An Integrative Model	p. 314
Treatment of Eating Disorders	p. 316
Drug Treatments	p. 316
Psychological Treatments	p. 316
Phoebe: Taking Control	p. 317
Preventing Eating Disorders	p. 319
Obesity	p. 321
Statistics	p. 321
Disordered Eating Patterns in Cases of Obesity	p. 322
Causes	p. 322
Treatment	p. 323
Sleep Disorders: The Major Dyssomnias	p. 325
An Overview of Sleep Disorders	p. 325
Primary Insomnia	p. 327
Sonja: School on Her Mind	p. 328
Primary Hypersomnia	p. 331
Ann: Sleeping in Public	p. 331
Narcolepsy	p. 332
Breathing-Related Sleep Disorders	p. 332
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders	p. 333
Treatment of Sleep Disorders	p. 334
Medical Treatments	p. 334
Environmental Treatments	p. 335
Psychological Treatments	p. 336
Preventing Sleep Disorders	p. 337
Parasomnias and Their Treatment	p. 337
Summary	p. 339
Key Terms	p. 340
Answers to Concept Checks	p. 340
Chapter Quiz	p. 341
Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders	p. 344
What Is Normal Sexuality?	p. 345
Gender Differences	p. 346
Cultural Differences	p. 348
The Development of Sexual Orientation	p. 348
Gender Identity Disorder	p. 350
Joe: Trapped in the Wrong Body	p. 350
Defining Gender Identity Disorder	p. 350
Causes	p. 351
John/Joan	p. 352
Treatment	p. 353
Overview of Sexual Dysfunctions	p. 354
Sexual Desire Disorders	p. 356
Mr. and Mrs. C.: Getting Started	p. 356
Lisa: The Terror of Sex	p. 357
Sexual Arousal Disorders	p. 357
Bill: Long Marriage, New Problem	p. 358
Orgasm Disorders	p. 359
Greta and Will: Loving Disunion	p. 359
Gary: Running Scared	p. 360
Sexual Pain Disorders	p. 361
Jill: Sex and Spasms	p. 361
Assessing Sexual Behavior	p. 362
Causes and Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction	p. 363
Causes of Sexual Dysfunction	p. 363
Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction	p. 368
Carl: Never Too Late	p. 368
Paraphilia: Clinical-Descriptions	p. 372
Fetishism	p. 372
Voyeurism and Exhibitionism	p. 372
Robert: Outside the Curtains	p. 373
Transvestic Fetishism	p. 373
Mr. M.: Strong Man in a Dress	p. 373
Sexual Sadism and Sexual Masochism	p. 374
Pedophilia and Incest	p. 374
Tony: More and Less a Father	p. 375
Paraphilia in Women	p. 376
Causes of Paraphilia	p. 376
Robert: Revenge on Repression	p. 376
Tony: Trained Too Young	p. 376
Assessing and Treating Paraphilia	p. 378
Psychological Treatment	p. 378
Tony: Imagining the Worst	p. 378
Drug Treatments	p. 380
Summary	p. 380
Summary	p. 381
Key Terms	p. 382
Answers to Concept Checks	p. 382
Chapter Quiz	p. 383
Substance-Related and Impulse-Control Disorders	p. 386
Perspectives on Substance-Related Disorders	p. 387
Danny: Multiple Dependencies	p. 387
Levels of Involvement	p. 388
Diagnostic Issues	p. 393
Depressants	p. 394
Alcohol Use Disorders	p. 394
Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic Substance Use Disorders	p. 398
Stimulants	p. 400
Amphetamine Use Disorders	p. 400
Cocaine Use Disorders	p. 401
Nicotine Use Disorders	p. 403
Caffeine Use Disorders	p. 404
Opioids	p. 404
Hallucinogens	p. 405
Marijuana	p. 406
LSD and Other Hallucinogens	p. 407
Other Drugs of Abuse	p. 408
Causes of Substance-Related Disorders	p. 409
Biological Dimensions	p. 410
Psychological Dimensions	p. 411
Cognitive Factors	p. 412
Social Dimensions	p. 413
Cultural Dimensions	p. 413
An Integrative Model	p. 414
Treatment of Substance-Related Disorders	p. 416
Biological Treatments	p. 416
Psychosocial Treatments	p. 418
Prevention	p. 421
Impulse-Control Disorders	p. 422
Intermittent Explosive Disorder	p. 422
Kleptomania	p. 422
Pyromania	p. 423
Pathological Gambling	p. 423
Trichotillomania	p. 424
Summary	p. 424
Key Terms	p. 425
Answers to Concept Checks	p. 425
Chapter Quiz	p. 427
Personality Disorders	p. 430
An Overview of Personality Disorders	p. 431
Aspects of Personality Disorders	p. 431
Categorical and Dimensional Models	p. 432
Personality Disorder Clusters	p. 433
Statistics and Development	p. 433
Gender Differences	p. 434
Comorbidity	p. 436
Personality Disorders Under Study	p. 436
Cluster A Personality Disorders	p. 437
Paranoid Personality Disorder	p. 437
Jake: Research Victim	p. 437
Schizoid Personality Disorder	p. 439
Mr. Z.: All on His Own	p. 440
Schizotypal Personality Disorder	p. 441
Mr. S.: Man with a Mission	p. 441
Cluster B Personality Disorders	p. 443
Antisocial Personality Disorder	p. 444
Ryan: The Thrill Seeker	p. 444
Borderline Personality Disorder	p. 452
Claire: A Stranger Among Us	p. 452
Histrionic Personality Disorder	p. 455
Pat: Always Onstage	p. 455
Narcissistic Personality Disorder	p. 457
Willie: It's All About Me	p. 457
Cluster C Personality Disorders	p. 459
Avoidant Personality Disorder	p. 459
Jane: Not Worth Noticing	p. 459
Dependent Personality Disorder	p. 461
Karen: Whatever You Say	p. 461
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder	p. 462
Daniel: Getting It Exactly Right	p. 462
Summary	p. 464
Key Terms	p. 465
Answers to Concept Checks	p. 465
Chapter Quiz	p. 467
Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders	p. 470
Perspectives on Schizophrenia	p. 471
Early Figures in Diagnosing Schizophrenia	p. 471
Identifying Symptoms	p. 472
Arthur: Saving the Children	p. 472
Clinical Description, Symptoms, and Subtypes	p. 474
Positive Symptoms	p. 474
David: Missing Uncle Bill	p. 475
Negative Symptoms	p. 477
Disorganized Symptoms	p. 478
Schizophrenia Subtypes	p. 479
Other Psychotic Disorders	p. 480
Prevalence and Causes of Schizophrenia	p. 483
Statistics	p. 483
Development	p. 483
Cultural Factors	p. 484
Genetic Influences	p. 485
Neurobiological Influences	p. 488
Psychological and Social Influences	p. 492
Treatment of Schizophrenia	p. 494
Biological Interventions	p. 495
Psychosocial Interventions	p. 497
Treatment Across Cultures	p. 500
Prevention	p. 500
Summary	p. 501
Key Terms	p. 502
Answers to Concept Checks	p. 502
Chapter Quiz	p. 503
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