Essentials of Anaesthetic Equipment

by Al-Shaikh, Baha

• ISBN13: 9780443100871
• ISBN10: 044310087X
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-08-16
• Publisher: Elsevier Science Health Science div

Summary

Prepared by authors based in the UK, this highly practical, illustrated guide continues to provide an up-to-date introduction to anaesthetic equipment and its use in clinical practice. An invaluable resource for all those who work with anaesthetic equipment, including anaesthetists studying for the FRCA examinations, nurses and operating department practitioners, this new edition has been completely updated to reflect current equipment and training requirements. Lavishly illustrated throughout with colour photos and clearly-drawn line illustrations, Essentials of Anaesthetic Equipment, third edition, retains the superbly organized and easy-to-read format that has made the previous two editions such a success. The same portable size is retained for the new edition An ideal book for the busy trainee or practitioner to carry around the hospital and 'dip into' when the opportunity presents A selection of MCQs is included at the end of each chapter providing an opportunity for the reader to test their knowledge - an ideal aid to exam preparation Highly illustrated with colour photographs and diagrams throughout to aid recognition in the clinical environment and demonstrates essential points Standardised format used for each piece of equipment: components, mechanism of action, problems in practice and safety features Summary boxes in every chapter highlighting key points and safety considerations help the reader remember key information and breaks down the text into manageable chunks. Especially helpful when preparing for exams Equipment checklists include essential information that all users of anaesthetic equipment need to know The content for the new edition reflects more closely the current FRCA syllabus New section on latex allergy Illustrations of now-obsolete equipment replaced with the latest models in use Discussion of bispectral monitoring now included Chapter on electrical safety expanded Chapter on sterilisation and cleaning added Rapid infusion devices discussed

Table of Contents

Preface	p. vii
Acknowledgements	p. ix
Medical Gas Supply	p. 01
Gas supply	p. 02
Cylinders	p. 02
Cylinder valves	p. 04
Piped gas supply (piped medical gas and vacuum - PMGV)	p. 06
Sources of gas supply	p. 08
Entonox(BOC Medical)	p. 10
Compressed air	p. 11
Centralized vacuum system	p. 12
Further reading	p. 12
MCQs	p. 13
The Anaesthetic Machine	p. 17
Pressure gauge	p. 18
Pressure regulator (reducing valve)	p. 19
Second stage regulators and flow restrictors	p. 21
One-way valve or backflow check valves	p. 21
Flow control (needle) valves	p. 21
Flowmeters	p. 21
Vaporizers	p. 24
Vaporizer filling devices	p. 28
Non-return pressure relief safety valve	p. 28
Emergency oxygen flush	p. 28
Compressed oxygen outlet(s)	p. 29
Oxygen supply failure alarm	p. 29
Other modifications and designs	p. 29
Anaesthesia in remote areas	p. 31
Further reading	p. 32
MCQs	p. 33
Pollution in Theatre and Scavenging	p. 39
Scavenging	p. 41
Cardiff Aldasorber	p. 43
Further reading	p. 43
MCQs	p. 44
Breathing Systems	p. 47
Properties of the ideal breathing system	p. 48
Components of the breathing systems	p. 48
Magill system (Mapleson A)	p. 50
Lack system (Mapleson A)	p. 51
Mapleson B and C systems	p. 51
Bain system (Mapleson D)	p. 52
T-piece system (Mapleson E and F)	p. 53
The Humphrey ADE breathing system	p. 54
Soda lime and circle breathing system	p. 56
Waters canister ('to-and-fro') breathing system	p. 59
Further reading	p. 59
MCQs	p. 60
Tracheal and Tracheostomy Tubes and Airways	p. 67
Tracheal tubes	p. 68
Specially designed tracheal tubes	p. 71
Tracheostomy tracheal tubes	p. 72
Minitracheostomy tube	p. 75
Cricothyrotomy tube	p. 76
Double lumen endobronchial tubes	p. 76
Endobronchial blocker	p. 78
Oropharyngeal airway	p. 78
Nasopharyngeal airway	p. 79
Laryngeal mask	p. 79
Further reading	p. 81
MCQs	p. 82
Masks and Oxygen Delivery Devices	p. 85
Face masks and angle pieces	p. 86
Nasal masks (inhalers)	p. 86
Catheter mount	p. 86
Oxygen delivery devices	p. 87
Variable performance masks (medium concentration MC)	p. 87
Nasal cannulae	p. 89
Nasal catheters	p. 89
Fixed performance devices	p. 89
Further reading	p. 91
MCQs	p. 92
Laryngoscopes and Tracheal Intubation Equipment	p. 97
Laryngoscopes	p. 98
Fibreoptic intubating laryngoscope	p. 99
Magill forceps	p. 101
Introducer, bougie, bite guard, local anaesthetic spray, Endotrol tube and Nosworthy airway	p. 101
Cook retrograde intubation set	p. 101
Further reading	p. 102
MCQs	p. 103
Ventilators	p. 105
Classification of ventilators	p. 106
Characteristics of the ideal ventilator	p. 106
Manley MP3 ventilator	p. 107
Penlon Anaesthesia Nuffield Ventilator Series 200	p. 109
Bag in bottle ventilator	p. 110
Servo-i ventilator	p. 111
High frequency jet ventilator	p. 112
VentiPAC	p. 113
Pneupac VR1 Emergency Ventilator	p. 115
Venturi injector device	p. 116
Self-inflating bag and mask	p. 116
PEEP value	p. 117
Further reading	p. 117
MCQs	p. 118
Humidification and Filtration	p. 121
Heat and moisture exchanger (HME) humidifiers	p. 122
Hot water bath humidifier	p. 123
Nebulizers	p. 124
Bacterial and viral filters	p. 125
Further reading	p. 127
MCQs	p. 128
Non-Invasive Monitoring	p. 131
Integrated monitoring	p. 132
Electrocardiogram (ECG)	p. 132
Arterial blood pressure	p. 134
Pulse oximetry	p. 136
End-tidal carbon dioxide analysers (capnographs)	p. 138
Oxygen concentration analysers	p. 142
Nitrous oxide and inhalational agent concentration analysers	p. 144
Wright respirometer	p. 146
Pneumotachograph	p. 147
Combined pneumotachograph and Pitot tube	p. 148
Ventilator alarms	p. 148
Peripheral nerve stimulators	p. 149
Bispectral index (BIS) analysis	p. 151
Further reading	p. 153
MCQs	p. 154
Invasive Monitoring	p. 161
Invasive arterial pressure monitoring	p. 162
Central venous catheterization and pressure (CVP)	p. 164
Balloon-tipped flow-guided pulmonary artery catheter	p. 169
Oesophageal Doppler haemodynamic measurement	p. 171
Temperature probes	p. 173
Further reading	p. 174
MCQs	p. 175
Pain Management and Regional Anaesthesia	p. 181
Patient controlled analgesia (PCA)	p. 182
Epidural needles	p. 184
Epidural catheter, filter and syringe	p. 185
Spinal needles	p. 186
Nerve block needles	p. 187
Nerve stimulator for nerve blocks	p. 189
Ultrasound guidance in regional anaesthesia	p. 190
Further reading	p. 190
MCQs	p. 191
Additional Equipment Used in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care	p. 195
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)	p. 196
Haemofiltration	p. 196
Arterial blood gases analyser	p. 198
Polarographic (Clark) oxygen electrode	p. 199
pH electrode	p. 200
Carbon dioxide electrode (Severinghaus electrode)	p. 200
Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP)	p. 201
Intravenous giving sets	p. 203
Intravenous cannulae	p. 203
Blood warmers	p. 204
Forced-air warmers	p. 205
Defibrillator	p. 205
Chest drain	p. 206
The Sonosite ultrasound machine	p. 207
Further reading	p. 207
MCQs	p. 208
Electrical Safety	p. 211
Principles of electricity	p. 212
Identification of medical electrical equipment	p. 212
Maintenance of equipment	p. 216
Hazards of electrical shock	p. 216
Diathermy	p. 217
Static electricity	p. 218
Lasers	p. 219
Further reading	p. 220
MCQs	p. 221
Checking Anaesthetic Equipment	p. 226
Recommendations for Standards of Monitoring During Anaesthesia and Recovery	p. 231
Graphical Symbols for Use in Labelling Medical Devices	p. 236
Sterilization and Cleaning of Medical Equipment	p. 237
Latex Allergy	p. 239
Directory of Manufacturers	p. 241
Glossary	p. 243
Index	p. 247
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