Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy

by Hillegass & Sadowsky

• ISBN13: 9780721672885
• ISBN10: 0721672884
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-05-16
• Publisher: Saunders

Summary

The second edition of this text takes readers through the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the cardiac and pulmonary systems, and covers assessment and treatment of cardiopulmonary disorders. It features new chapters on cardiac pulmonary transplantation and acute care. Certified clinical specialists have collaborated to create this reference source.

Table of Contents

1 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Anatomy of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems	2	(46)
H. Steven Sadowsky
Introduction	2	(1)
Cardiovascular and Respiratory System Development	2	(5)
Thorax	7	(2)
Respiratory System	9	(18)
Cardiovascular System	27	(21)
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology	48	(40)
H. Steven Sadowsky
Introduction	48	(1)
Basic Units of Measure	49	(1)
The Autonomic Nervous System	49	(3)
The Gas Transport System	52	(19)
Cardiovascular System	71	(13)
Summary	84	(4)
2 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Ischemic Cardiac Conditions	88	(18)
H. Steven Sadowsky
Eugene McColgon
Introduction	88	(1)
Anatomy of the Coronary Arteries	89	(1)
Myocardial Perfusion	90	(1)
Atherosclerosis	91	(1)
Vasospasm	92	(1)
Risk Factors	93	(4)
Clinical Course	97	(1)
Natural History	98	(1)
Summary	99	(1)
Case Studies	99	(7)
Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction	106	(77)
Lawrence Cahalin
Introduction	106	(1)
Heart Failure	107	(2)
Causes and Types of Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction	109	(10)
Evaluation of Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction in Physical Therapy	119	(13)
Specific Pathophysiologic Conditions Associated with Congestive Heart Failure	132	(13)
Specific Treatment for Congestive Heart Failure	145	(14)
Conclusion	159	(1)
Case Studies	159	(13)
Summary	172	(1)
Activity Guidelines	173	(10)
Restrictive Lung Dysfunction	183	(74)
Peggy Clough
Introduction	184	(1)
Etiology	184	(1)
Pathogenesis	184	(3)
Clinical Manifestations	187	(1)
Treatment	188	(1)
Maturational Causes of Restrictive Lung Dysfunction	188	(4)
Pulmonary Causes of Restrictive Lung Dysfunction	192	(24)
Cardiovascular Causes of Restrictive Lung Dysfunction	216	(4)
Neuromuscular Causes of Restrictive Lung Dysfunction	220	(7)
Musculoskeletal Causes of Restrictive Lung Dysfunction	227	(4)
Connective Tissue Causes of Restrictive Lung Dysfunction	231	(5)
Immunologic Causes of Restrictive Lung Dysfunction	236	(2)
Pregnancy As a Cause of Restrictive Lung Dysfunction	238	(1)
Nutritional and Metabolic Causes of Restrictive Lung Dysfunction	238	(2)
Traumatic Causes of Restrictive Lung Dysfunction	240	(5)
Therapeutic Causes of Restrictive Lung Dysfunction	245	(9)
Summary	254	(3)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases	257	(28)
Susan L. Garritan
Introduction	257	(1)
Unique Features of Obstructive Lung Conditions	258	(1)
Key Concepts	258	(1)
Obstructive Lung Conditions Early	259	(15)
Adult Obstructive Lung Conditions	274	(7)
Case Studies	281	(2)
Summary	283	(2)
Cardiopulmonary Implications of Specific Diseases	285	(51)
Joanne Watchie
Introduction	285	(1)
Hypertension	286	(7)
Diabetes Mellitus	293	(7)
Obesity	300	(2)
Peripheral Arterial Disease	302	(2)
Renal Failure	304	(3)
Other Specific Diseases and Disorders	307	(13)
Clinical Implications for Physical Therapy	320	(1)
Case Studies	321	(2)
Summary	323	(13)
3 DIAGNOSTIC TESTS AND PROCEDURES
Cardiovascular Diagnostic Tests and Procedures	336	(44)
Ellen A. Hillegass
Introduction	337	(1)
Clinical Laboratory Studies	337	(6)
Other Noninvasive Diagnostic Tests	343	(4)
Other Imaging Modalities	347	(4)
Pharmacologic Stress Testing/Exercise Testing	351	(13)
Cardiac Catheterization: Coronary Angiography and Ventriculography	364	(2)
Ergonovine Stimulation	366	(1)
Heart Rate Variability	367	(1)
Endocardial Biopsy	367	(1)
Vascular Diagnostic Testing for Aortic, Peripheral, and Carotid Disease	367	(6)
Exercise Testing	373	(1)
Case Studies	373	(1)
Summary	374	(6)
Electrocardiography	380	(41)
Ellen A. Hillegass
Introduction	380	(1)
Basic Electrophysiologic Principles	381	(1)
The Autonomic Nervous System	382	(1)
The Conduction System	383	(2)
The Electrocardiogram Recording	385	(1)
Heart Rate	386	(3)
Heart Rhythm	389	(2)
Basic Interpretation of Heart Rhythm	391	(11)
Heart Blocks	402	(8)
Other Findings on a 12-Lead Electrocardiogram	410	(8)
Case Studies	418	(1)
Summary	419	(2)
Pulmonary Diagnostic Tests and Procedures	421	(31)
H. Steven Sadowsky
Introduction	421	(1)
Chest Imaging	422	(9)
Bronchoscopy	431	(1)
Pulmonary Function Testing	432	(7)
Blood Gas Analysis	439	(5)
Oximetry	444	(1)
Cytologic and Hematologic Tests	444	(3)
Case Study	447	(1)
Summary	447	(5)
4 SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS, MONITORING, AND SUPPORT
Cardiovascular and Thoracic Interventions	452	(25)
Ellen A. Hillegass
H. Steven Sadowsky
Introduction	452	(1)
Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgical Procedures	452	(20)
Case Studies	472	(1)
Summary	473	(4)
Thoracic Organ Transplantation: Heart, Lung, and Heart-Lung	477	(32)
Tammy Versluis-Burlis
Anne Mejia Downs
Introduction	477	(1)
History	478	(1)
Evaluation	479	(5)
Preoperative Rehabilitation	484	(1)
Alternative Therapies to Transplantation	485	(2)
Donor Selection and Matching Criteria	487	(1)
Surgical Procedure	488	(4)
Medications	492	(1)
Postoperative Treatment	493	(8)
Future Trends in Transplant Care	501	(2)
Case Studies	503	(1)
Summary	504	(5)
Monitoring and Life-Support Equipment	509	(27)
H. Steven Sadowsky
Introduction	509	(1)
Hemodynamic Monitoring and Life Support	510	(1)
Arterial Pressures	511	(7)
Ventilatory Monitoring and Life Support	518	(3)
Mechanical Ventilation	521	(8)
Incentive Spirometry and Inspiratory Resistance Devices	529	(1)
Mechanical Percussors	530	(1)
Manual Resuscitators	531	(1)
Case Study	531	(2)
Summary	533	(3)
5 PHARMACOLOGY
Cardiovascular Medications	536	(51)
Kate Grimes
Meryl Cohen
Introduction	537	(1)
Pharmacokinetics	538	(2)
Pharmacodynamics	540	(2)
Pharmacologic Management	542	(1)
Anti-Ischemic Drugs	543	(8)
Heart Failure	551	(7)
Antiarrhythmic Agents	558	(6)
Antihypertensive Therapy	564	(4)
Pharmacologic Management of Lipid Disorders	568	(3)
Cardiac Drugs Used in Critical Care	571	(4)
Cardiac Pharmacology in the Geriatric Population	575	(2)
Cardiac Pharmacology in the Neonate and Pediatric Populations	577	(1)
Pharmacologic Management of Diabetes	578	(1)
Pharmacology and Heart Transplantation	579	(2)
Case Studies	581	(2)
Summary	583	(4)
Pulmonary Medications	587	(23)
Lawrence Cahalin
H. Steven Sadowsky
Introduction	587	(1)
Bronchomotor Tone	588	(1)
Principles of Bronchodilator Therapy	589	(12)
The Effects of Pulmonary Medications on Exercise	601	(3)
Case Studies	604	(1)
Summary	605	(5)
6 CARDIOPULMONARY ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTION
Assessment Procedures	610	(37)
Ellen A. Hillegass
Introduction	610	(1)
Medical Chart Review	611	(5)
Interview with the Patient and the Family	616	(1)
Physical Examination	616	(28)
Case Studies	644	(1)
Summary	645	(2)
Treatment of Acute Cardiopulmonary Conditions	647	(29)
Alexandra Sciaky
Jill Stockford
Erica Nixon
Introduction	647	(1)
Airway Clearance Techniques	648	(6)
Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation	654	(2)
Positioning	656	(3)
Breathing Exercises	659	(3)
Patient Education	662	(1)
Exercise	663	(6)
Discharge Planning	669	(1)
Pediatric Considerations	670	(1)
Case Studies	671	(1)
Summary	672	(4)
Therapeutic Interventions in Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention	676	(51)
Ellen A. Hillegass
William C. Temes
Introduction	677	(1)
Cardiac Rehabilitation	677	(1)
Candidacy	677	(2)
Administrative Issues in Cardiac Rehabilitation	679	(1)
The Cardiac Rehabilitation Team	679	(2)
Management and Evaluation of Patients During the Acute Phase	681	(8)
Secondary Prevention in Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation	689	(15)
Secondary Prevention: Management of Risk Factors	704	(13)
Primary Prevention	717	(1)
Case Studies	718	(5)
Summary	723	(4)
Pulmonary Rehabilitation	727	(25)
Rhonda N. Barr
Historical Perspective	727	(1)
Goals of Pulmonary Rehabilitation	728	(1)
Structure of Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programs	729	(3)
Physical Therapy Management	732	(1)
Patient Evaluation Procedures	732	(2)
Treatment Intervention	734	(8)
Case Studies	742	(5)
Summary	747	(5)
Outcome Measures: Reimbursement Issues and Documentation	752	(27)
Peg Pashkow
Introduction	752	(1)
Outcomes Defined	752	(2)
Importance of Measuring Outcomes	754	(1)
Selection of Data to Measure	755	(6)
Methodology	761	(7)
Use of Outcome Information	768	(2)
Case Studies	770	(3)
Summary	773	(6)
Glossary	779	(58)
Index	837