Essentials of Comparative Politics

by O'Neil, Patrick H.

• ISBN13: 9780393976540
• ISBN10: 0393976548
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-07-01
• Publisher: W W Norton & Co Inc

Table of Contents

List of Maps	xi
Preface	xiii
Introduction	1	(21)
What Is Comparative Politics?	3	(5)
The Comparative Method	4	(2)
Quantitative versus Qualitative Research	6	(2)
Debates in Comparative Politics	8	(7)
A Guiding Approach: Political Institutions	15	(3)
A Guiding Idea: Reconciling Freedom and Equality	18	(2)
In Sum: Looking Ahead	20	(2)
States	22	(24)
Defining the State	23	(4)
The Origins of Political Organization	27	(3)
The Rise of the Modern State	30	(5)
Comparing State Power	35	(9)
Legitimacy	36	(4)
Centralization or Decentralization	40	(4)
In Sum: Studying States	44	(2)
Nations and Society	46	(36)
Ethnic Identity	47	(2)
National Identity	49	(3)
Citizenship and Patriotism	52	(2)
Ethnic Identity, National Identity, and Citizenship: Origins and Persistence	54	(2)
Sources of Ethnic and National Conflict	56	(6)
Patterns of Ethnic and National Conflict	62	(4)
Political Attitudes and Political Ideology	66	(11)
Political Attitudes	67	(5)
Political Ideology	72	(5)
Political Culture	77	(3)
In Sum: Society and Politics	80	(2)
Political Economy	82	(37)
The Components of Political Economy	83	(13)
Markets and Property	83	(2)
Public Goods	85	(2)
Social Expenditures: Who Benefits?	87	(1)
Taxation	88	(1)
Money, Inflation, and Unemployment	89	(4)
Regulation	93	(1)
Trade	94	(2)
Political-Economic Systems	96	(12)
Liberalism	97	(3)
Social Democracy	100	(3)
Communism	103	(2)
Mercantilism	105	(3)
Political-Economic Systems and the State: Comparing Outcomes	108	(7)
The Future of Political Economy	115	(2)
In Sum: The End of Economic History?	117	(2)
Authoritarianism	119	(28)
Defining Authoritarianism	120	(3)
Sources of Authoritarian Rule	123	(6)
Economic Sources of Authoritarianism	124	(2)
Authoritarianism and Society	126	(3)
Authoritarianism and Political Control	129	(8)
Violence and Surveillance	130	(1)
Cooptation	131	(3)
Personality Cults	134	(1)
Authoritarianism and Legitimacy	135	(2)
Types of Authoritarian Rule	137	(6)
Personal Rule	137	(1)
Military Rule	138	(2)
One-Party Rule	140	(1)
Quasi Democracies	141	(2)
Explaining Diverse Authoritarianism	143	(1)
In Sum: Authoritarianism in Retreat?	143	(4)
Democracy	147	(29)
What Is Democracy?	148	(3)
The Origins of Liberal Democracy and The Rule of Law	151	(5)
Athenian Democracy	151	(1)
England: The Birthplace of Liberal Democracy	152	(3)
Institutionalizing Democracy	155	(1)
Participation: Voting and Elections	156	(7)
Electoral Systems	157	(4)
Referendum, Initiative, Plebiscite	161	(2)
Competition: Political Parties and the Separation of Powers	163	(9)
Political Parties	163	(1)
The Separation of Powers	164	(1)
Executives: Heads of State and Heads of Government	165	(3)
Legislatures: Bicameral or Unicameral	168	(2)
Constitutional Courts	170	(2)
Liberty: Civil Rights	172	(2)
In Sum: Future Challenges to Democracy	174	(2)
Advanced Democracies	176	(32)
Defining Advanced Democracy	177	(4)
The Paths of Advanced Democracies	181	(1)
Freedom and Equality in Advanced Democracies	182	(3)
Advanced Democracies in the New Millennium	185	(3)
States and Sovereignty: Challenges and Opportunities	188	(7)
Integration and the European Union: The Future of the Advanced Democracies?	189	(5)
Devolution and Democracy	194	(1)
Social Change and Conflict	195	(6)
Postmodern Values and Organization	196	(3)
Resurgent Ideologies: Anarchism and Fascism	199	(2)
Economic Change	201	(5)
Postindustrialism	202	(2)
The End of the Welfare State?	204	(2)
In Sum: The Advanced Democracies in Transformation	206	(2)
Communism and Postcommunism	208	(38)
Communism, Equality, and the Nature of Human Relations	210	(2)
Revolution and the ``Triumph'' of Communism	212	(2)
Putting Communism into Practice	214	(7)
Politics and the State under Communism	216	(5)
Communist Political Economy	221	(2)
Societal Institutions under Communism	223	(2)
The Collapse of Communism	225	(4)
Political Institutions in Transition	229	(4)
Reorganizing the State	229	(1)
Constructing a Democratic Regime	230	(1)
Evaluating Political Transitions	231	(2)
Economic Institutions in Transition	233	(7)
Privatization	234	(1)
Marketization	235	(1)
Evaluating Economic Transitions	236	(4)
Societal Institutions in Transition	240	(3)
National Identity and Religion	240	(1)
Gender	241	(1)
Evaluating Societal Transitions	241	(2)
In Sum: The Legacy of Communism	243	(3)
Less-Developed and Newly Industrializing Countries	246	(35)
Freedom and Equality in the Newly Industrializing and Less-Developed Countries	247	(4)
Imperialism and Colonialism	251	(2)
Institutions of Imperialism	253	(5)
Exporting the State	253	(2)
Ethnicity, Nationalism, and Gender	255	(2)
Dependent Development	257	(1)
The Challenges of Postimperialism	258	(15)
Building State Capacity and Autonomy	259	(5)
Forging Social Identities	264	(2)
Generating Economic Growth	266	(7)
Prospects for Democracy and Development	273	(5)
Building State Capacity	274	(1)
Supporting Civil Society	275	(2)
Promoting Economic Prosperity	277	(1)
In Sum: The Challenges of Development	278	(3)
Globalization	281	(19)
What Is Globalization?	282	(2)
Political Globalization	284	(3)
Economic Globalization	287	(5)
Societal Globalization	292	(3)
Globalization: Reality or Hype?	295	(3)
In Sum: Freedom and Equality in a Globalized World	298	(2)
Glossary	300	(9)
Index	309