Essentials of Cultural Anthropology (with InfoTrac)

by Bailey, Garrick; Peoples, James

• ISBN13: 9780534586263
• ISBN10: 0534586260
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780840032751
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-06-22
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

This text is a brief, more affordable version of the Peoples and Bailey, HUMANITY: AN INTRODUCTION TO CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Fifth Edition (2000). Its coverage of core topics, smaller size, and economical price make it well suited for instructors who wish to adopt a core text along with supplemental texts such as readers and ethnographies. The text shares, in a briefer format, the same rich characteristics that made HUMANITY a best-seller over the years: strong scholarship, rich ethnographic examples and a unique focus on modern ethnicity and the survival of indigenous peoples.

Table of Contents

The Study of Humanity	1	(13)
Subfields of Anthropology	2	(5)
Physical Anthropology	2	(2)
Archaeology	4	(1)
Cultural Anthropology	4	(1)
Anthropological Linguistics	5	(1)
Applied Anthropology	6	(1)
Cultural Anthropology Yesterday and Today	7	(1)
Anthropological Perspectives	8	(2)
Holistic Perspective	8	(1)
Comparative Perspective	9	(1)
Relativistic Perspective	9	(1)
The Value of Anthropology	10	(1)
Summary	11	(1)
Key Terms	12	(1)
Suggested Readings	13	(1)
Culture	14	(14)
A Definition of Culture	16	(4)
Shared...	16	(1)
...Socially Learned...	17	(1)
...Knowledge...	18	(1)
...and Patterns of Behavior	18	(2)
Cultural Knowledge	20	(4)
Norms	20	(1)
Values	21	(1)
Symbols	21	(2)
Classifications of Reality	23	(1)
World Views	24	(1)
Culture, Biology, and Human Life	24	(2)
Summary	26	(1)
Key Terms	26	(1)
Suggested Readings	27	(1)
Culture and Language	28	(20)
The Power of Language	29	(2)
How Language Works	31	(5)
Sound Systems	32	(2)
Variations in Sound Systems	34	(1)
Words and Meanings	35	(1)
Language and Culture	36	(6)
Language and Cultural Classifications of Reality	38	(1)
Language as a Reflection of Culture	39	(2)
Language and World Views	41	(1)
Social Uses of Speech	42	(4)
The Power of Language and the Language of Power	44	(2)
Summary	46	(1)
Key Terms	47	(1)
Suggested Readings	47	(1)
Studying Culture: Approaches and Methods	48	(23)
Nineteenth Century: Origins	49	(3)
Early Twentieth Century: Development	52	(4)
American Historical Particularism (ca. 1900-1940)	52	(2)
British Functionalism (ca. 1920-1950)	54	(2)
Mid-Century Evolutionary Approaches (ca. 1940-1970)	56	(1)
Anthropology Today: Divisions	57	(4)
Materialism	58	(1)
Idealism	59	(2)
Methods of Studying a Culture: Ethnographic Fieldwork	61	(7)
In the Field: Procedures	62	(2)
In the Field: Problems	64	(4)
Summary	68	(1)
Key Terms	69	(1)
Suggested Readings	69	(2)
Adaptation: Environment and Cultures	71	(25)
Understanding Human Adaptation	72	(2)
Hunting and Gathering	74	(5)
Foraging and Culture	75	(4)
Domestication	79	(1)
Agriculture	80	(8)
Horticulture	81	(1)
Cultural Consequences of Horticulture	82	(2)
Intensive Agriculture	84	(2)
Cultural Consequences of Intensive Agriculture	86	(2)
Pastoralism	88	(5)
Advantages of Herding	89	(2)
The Karimojong: An Example from East Africa	91	(2)
Conclusion: Adaptation and Culture	93	(1)
Summary	93	(1)
Key Terms	94	(1)
Suggested Readings	94	(2)
Exchange and Economic Systems	96	(14)
Reciprocity	98	(4)
Generalized Reciprocity	98	(1)
Balanced Reciprocity	98	(3)
Negative Reciprocity	101	(1)
Reciprocity and Social Distance	101	(1)
Redistribution	102	(1)
Market Exchange	103	(5)
Money	103	(3)
Marketplaces	106	(2)
Summary	108	(1)
Key Terms	109	(1)
Suggested Readings	109	(1)
Domestic Life	110	(17)
Definitions	111	(1)
Marriage: Definitions and Functions	111	(3)
Nayar ``Marriage''	113	(1)
Marriage: A Cross-Cultural Perspective	114	(7)
Marriage Rules	114	(1)
How Many Spouses?	115	(3)
Marriage Alliances	118	(1)
Marital Exchanges	119	(2)
Kinship Diagrams	121	(1)
Postmarital Residence Patterns	121	(2)
Family and Household Forms	123	(2)
Summary	125	(1)
Key Terms	126	(1)
Suggested Readings	126	(1)
Kinship	127	(20)
Kinship	128	(2)
Significance of Kinship	128	(2)
Form of Descent	130	(1)
Unilineal Descent	131	(5)
Unilineal Descent Groups	132	(2)
Descent Groups in Action	134	(2)
Cognatic Descent	136	(2)
Bilateral Descent	138	(1)
Influences on Kinship Systems	138	(1)
Kinship Terminology	139	(6)
Varieties of Kinship Terminology	140	(2)
Determinants of Kinship Terminology	142	(3)
Summary	145	(1)
Key Terms	146	(1)
Suggested Readings	146	(1)
Gender	147	(26)
Cultural Construction of Gender	148	(4)
The Hua of Papua New Guinea	149	(3)
Gender Crossing and Multiple Gender Identities	152	(5)
Cross-Gender Occupation or Work Roles	155	(1)
Transvestism	155	(1)
Associations with Spiritual Powers	155	(1)
Same-Sex Relations	156	(1)
The Sexual Division of Labor	157	(7)
Understanding Major Patterns	158	(4)
Understanding Variability	162	(2)
Gender Stratification	164	(7)
Universal Subordination?	166	(1)
Influences on Gender Stratification	167	(3)
Gender Stratification in Industrial Societies	170	(1)
Summary	171	(1)
Key Terms	172	(1)
Suggested Readings	172	(1)
Politics and Social Inequality	173	(24)
Systems of Equality and Inequality	174	(4)
Egalitarian Societies	174	(1)
Ranked Societies	175	(1)
Stratified Societies	176	(2)
Castes in Traditional India	178	(1)
Classes in Industrial Societies: The United States	179	(2)
Forms of Political Organization	181	(7)
Bands	182	(3)
Tribes	185	(1)
Chiefdoms	186	(1)
States	187	(1)
Social Control and Law	188	(1)
Social Control	188	(1)
Law	189	(1)
Legal Systems	189	(5)
Self-Help Systems	189	(2)
Court Systems	191	(3)
Summary	194	(1)
Key Terms	195	(1)
Suggested Readings	195	(2)
Religion and World View	197	(22)
Defining Religion	198	(6)
Supernatural Powers: Beings and Forces	198	(1)
Teachings	198	(1)
Rituals	199	(2)
Rites of Passage	201	(3)
Types of Religious Organizations	204	(5)
Individualistic Cults	204	(1)
Shamanistic Cults	205	(1)
Communal Cults	206	(2)
Ecclesiastical Cults	208	(1)
Theories of Religion	209	(4)
Intellectual/Cognitive	210	(1)
Psychological	211	(1)
Social	212	(1)
Sorcery and Witchcraft	213	(4)
Sorcery	213	(1)
Witchcraft	214	(1)
Interpretations of Sorcery and Witchcraft	215	(2)
Summary	217	(1)
Key Terms	217	(1)
Suggested Readings	217	(2)
Art and the Aesthetic	219	(15)
The Pervasiveness of Art	220	(1)
Forms of Artistic Expression	221	(8)
Body Arts	221	(4)
Visual Arts	225	(1)
Performance Arts	226	(3)
Art and Culture	229	(3)
Secular and Religious Art	229	(1)
Art and Gender	230	(1)
Social Functions of Art	231	(1)
Summary	232	(1)
Key Terms	233	(1)
Suggested Readings	233	(1)
Globalization and Ethnicity	234	(16)
The Modern World	235	(11)
The Global Economy	236	(3)
Demographic Changes and the Global Economy	239	(3)
Ethnicity and Conflict	242	(4)
The Consequences of an Interdependent World	246	(2)
Summary	248	(1)
Key Terms	248	(1)
Suggested Readings	249	(1)
The Future of Indigenous Peoples	250	(14)
Indigenous Peoples Today	251	(3)
Vanishing Knowledge	254	(5)
Medicines We Have Learned	255	(1)
Adaptive Wisdom	256	(2)
Cultural Alternatives	258	(1)
Summary	259	(1)
Key Terms	260	(1)
Suggested Readings	260	(2)
appendix
Anthropology and the Internet	262	(2)
notes	264	(4)
glossary	268	(6)
bibliography	274	(9)
photo credits	283	(1)
index	284