Essentials of English Grammar : A Practical Guide to Mastery of English

by Baugh, L. Sue

• ISBN13: 9780844258201
• ISBN10: 0844258202
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1993-01-11
• Publisher: Natl Textbook Co Trade

Summary

** HANDY REFERENCE BOOK. Provides essentials that are useful for people with the occasional question as well as those who are learning the basics. * TWO-PART FORMAT. Allows quick and convenient location of answers to specific questions. * "STYLE CONSIDERATIONS" PORTION. Covers issues beyond core grammar, such as combining sentences, gender-inclusive language, and sentence clarity. * FOUR APPENDIXES. Target commonly misspelled words, commonly confused words, verb-preposition combinations, and irregular verbs.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Part One: Essentials of Grammar
Parts of Speech	3	(31)
Nouns	4	(2)
Proper, Common, and Collective Nouns	4	(1)
Functions of Nouns	4	(1)
Plural Nouns	5	(1)
Possessive Nouns	5	(1)
Pronouns	6	(5)
Personal Pronouns	6	(1)
Case of Personal Pronouns	7	(1)
Indefinite Pronouns	7	(1)
Possessive Pronouns	8	(1)
Relative Pronouns	9	(1)
Interrogative Pronouns	9	(1)
Demonstrative Pronouns	9	(1)
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement	10	(1)
Who or Whom?	11	(1)
Verbs	11	(12)
Basic Verb Forms	12	(1)
Auxiliary Verbs	12	(1)
Verb Tenses	13	(1)
Regular Verbs	13	(1)
Uses of the Six Tenses	14	(2)
Irregular Verbs	16	(1)
Common Errors in Using Verb Tenses	17	(2)
Mood	19	(1)
Active and Passive Voice	20	(1)
Subject-Verb Agreement	20	(1)
Special Subject-Verb Agreement Cases	21	(2)
Adjectives	23	(2)
Demonstrative Adjectives	23	(1)
Limiting Adjectives	23	(1)
Comparisons	24	(1)
Compound Adjectives	24	(1)
Predicate Adjectives	25	(1)
Adverbs	25	(3)
Forming Adverbs	25	(1)
Types of Adverbs	25	(1)
Comparisons	26	(1)
Adverb Position and Meaning	26	(1)
Adjective or Adverb?	27	(1)
Prepositions	28	(2)
Phrasal Prepositions	28	(1)
Common Errors to Avoid	29	(1)
Prepositions Used with Verbs	29	(1)
Conjunctions	30	(3)
Coordinating Conjunctions	30	(1)
Correlative Conjunctions	30	(1)
Subordinating Conjunctions	31	(1)
Linking Adverbs	32	(1)
Interjections	33	(1)
Common Interjections	33	(1)
Punctuation	33	(1)
Punctuation and Punctuation Style	34	(16)
End Marks---Period, Question Mark, Exclamation Point	34	(2)
Period	34	(1)
Question Mark	35	(1)
Exclamation Point	35	(1)
Comma	36	(3)
Series Commas	36	(1)
Independent Clauses	36	(1)
Introductory Clauses, Phrases, Expressions	37	(1)
Nonrestrictive Clauses and Nonessential Material	37	(1)
Direct Address	37	(1)
Commas and Clarity	37	(1)
Traditional Comma Uses	38	(1)
Comma Faults	38	(1)
Semicolon	39	(1)
Independent Clauses	39	(1)
Series	40	(1)
Colon	40	(1)
Before a Series or List	40	(1)
Between Independent Clauses	40	(1)
Time	40	(1)
Formal and Business Communications	41	(1)
Quotation Marks	41	(2)
Punctuation with Quotation Marks	41	(1)
Brief and Long Quotations	42	(1)
Single Quotation Marks	42	(1)
Titles	42	(1)
Terms and Expressions	43	(1)
Apostrophe	43	(1)
Possessive of Singular Nouns	43	(1)
Possessive of Plural Nouns	43	(1)
Indefinite and Personal Pronouns	43	(1)
Individual and Joint Possession	44	(1)
Units of Measure as Possessive Adjectives	44	(1)
Plural Forms of Symbols	44	(1)
Hyphens	44	(2)
Compound Numbers and Fractions	45	(1)
Continuous Numbers	45	(1)
Prefixes and Suffixes	45	(1)
Compound Adjectives	45	(1)
Word Division	46	(1)
Hyphenated Names	46	(1)
To Avoid Confusion	46	(1)
Dashes	46	(1)
Parentheses	47	(1)
Brackets	47	(1)
Ellipses	47	(1)
Italics	48	(2)
Emphasis	48	(1)
Foreign Words and Phrases	48	(1)
Titles	48	(1)
Vehicles	49	(1)
Sentences and Sentence Patterns	50	(7)
Sentences, Fragments, and Run-Ons	50	(1)
Phrases and Clauses	51	(1)
Phrases	51	(1)
Clauses	51	(1)
Subject and Predicate	52	(3)
Forms of the Subject	52	(1)
Forms of the Predicate	53	(2)
Sentence Constructions	55	(2)
Simple Sentence	55	(1)
Compound Sentence	55	(1)
Complex Sentence	55	(1)
Compound-Complex Sentence	56	(1)
Modifiers in Sentences	56	(1)
Capitalization, Abbreviations, and Numbers	57	(27)
Capitalization	57	(7)
Proper Nouns and Adjectives	57	(1)
Hyphenated Names and Prefixes	58	(1)
Family Relationships	58	(1)
Nationalities and Races	58	(1)
Languages and School Subjects	58	(1)
Religious Names and Terms	59	(1)
Academic Degrees and Personal Titles	60	(1)
Historic Events, Special Events, and Holidays	60	(1)
Historical Monuments, Places, and Buildings	60	(1)
Calendar Days, Months, and Seasons	61	(1)
Documents	61	(1)
Titles of Publications	61	(1)
Compass Points	61	(1)
Geographic Names and Regions	62	(1)
Scientific Terms	62	(1)
Capitals with Numbers	63	(1)
Abbreviations	64	(10)
General Guidelines	64	(1)
Personal Names and Titles	64	(2)
Company Names	66	(1)
Agencies and Organizations	66	(1)
Geographic Terms	67	(3)
Time	70	(1)
Scholarly Abbreviations	71	(1)
Measures	71	(2)
Science and Technology	73	(1)
Commercial Abbreviations	73	(1)
Numbers	74	(10)
Arabic and Roman Numerals	74	(1)
Figures or Words	74	(2)
Ages	76	(1)
Names	76	(1)
Governmental Designations	77	(1)
Organizations	77	(1)
Addresses and Thoroughfares	78	(1)
Time of Day	78	(1)
Dates	79	(2)
Money	81	(1)
Percentages	81	(1)
Fractions and Decimals	82	(1)
Measures	82	(1)
Temperature	83	(1)
Parts of a Book	83	(1)
Inclusive Numbers	83	(1)
Spelling and Word Division	84	(17)
Spelling Guidelines	84	(12)
Prefixes	84	(2)
Suffixes	86	(6)
Plurals	92	(3)
The i and e Rules	95	(1)
Word Division	96	(5)
General Rules	96	(1)
Syllables and Word Division	96	(1)
Single-Letter Syllables	97	(1)
Final and Double Consonants	97	(1)
Hyphenated Words	98	(1)
Proper Names	98	(1)
Figures and Abbreviations	98	(3)
Part Two: Style Considerations
Sentences	101	(4)
Using Sentence Patterns	101	(4)
Brevity	105	(2)
Clarity	107	(6)
Keep the Words Fresh	107	(2)
Jargon	107	(1)
Buzz Words	107	(1)
Cliches	108	(1)
Keep Words Specific and Concrete	109	(1)
Keep References Clear	110	(1)
Keep Structures Parallel	111	(2)
Accuracy	113	(2)
Gender-Inclusive Language	115	(26)
Nouns and Pronouns	115	(3)
Alternative Noun-Forms	118	(1)
Suffixes -ess, -ette, ix, -iennel -ine	119	(1)
Social Titles	120	(1)
Salutations	120	(1)
Occupational Titles	120	(5)
Appendixes
Appendix A. Principal Parts of Irregular Verbs	125	(2)
Appendix B. Verb-Preposition Combinations	127	(4)
Appendix C. Frequently Confused Words	131	(6)
Appendix D. Frequently Misspelled Words	137	(4)
Index	141	(5)
Correction Symbols	146