The Essentials of Performance Analysis: An Introduction

by Hughes; Mike

• ISBN13: 9780415423809
• ISBN10: 0415423805
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2008-01-24
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

What is performance analysis and how does its use benefit sports performance? How can you use performance analysis in your sport? The Essentials of Performance Analysisanswers your questions, providing a complete guide to the foundational elements of match and performance analysis for new students and beginners. As well as a basic introduction to the sport science and theory that underlies performance analysis, the book contains many practical examples to show performance analysis in its applied context. It includes discussion of: approaches to analyzing sport performance the use of feedback technologies the use of video and biomechanical analysis interpreting data coaching with notational analysis. The Essentials of Performance Analysisis a straightforward, concise and authoritative guide for students of sport science and sports coaching, as well as for coaches and athletes looking to develop their insight into sports performance analysis.

Table of Contents

Notes on contributors	p. xiii
Preface	p. xxi
Introduction	p. xxii
Acknowledgements	p. xxxii
The Need for Feedback	p. 1
Introduction: feedback	p. 1
The coaching process and its problems	p. 3
The need for objective information	p. 4
What is Performance Analysis?	p. 8
Introduction	p. 8
Notational analysis	p. 9
Introduction	p. 9
The applications of notation	p. 11
Tactical evaluation	p. 11
Technical evaluation	p. 12
Movement analysis	p. 13
Development of a database and modelling	p. 14
Educational applications	p. 15
Biomechanics - what is the biomechanical view of performance analysis?	p. 15
The Provision of Information	p. 21
Introduction	p. 21
Augmented feedback	p. 23
Positive effects	p. 23
Negative effects	p. 24
Additional factors to consider when providing feedback	p. 27
Demonstrations and instructions	p. 28
Positive effects	p. 28
Providing a reference-of-correctness	p. 28
Effective demonstrations	p. 29
Conveying a strategy	p. 30
Comparing pre-practice methods	p. 30
Negative effects	p. 31
Movement strategies	p. 31
Searching for the critical information	p. 32
Attentional focus	p. 34
Implicit learning/re-investment	p. 35
Overview of instructions and demonstrations	p. 37
Conclusions	p. 37
Video Feedback and Information Technologies	p. 40
Introduction	p. 40
Extrinsic and intrinsic feedback in sports	p. 41
Visual feedback, video and motor learning	p. 42
Qualitative feedback and quantification of performance using video-based technologies	p. 44
Quantitative feedback derived from complex simulations	p. 46
Watching versus performing movements in three-dimensions: virtual and real environments	p. 47
Video technology and temporal feedback	p. 48
Immediacy as a pre-requisite for the effective use of feedback during skill acquisition	p. 49
An Overview of the Development of Notational Analysis	p. 51
Introduction	p. 51
The development of sport-specific notation systems (hand notation)	p. 53
Introduction to computerized notational analysis	p. 58
Some research using computer systems	p. 60
Modelling	p. 65
Empirical models	p. 66
Dynamic systems	p. 67
Critical incident technique	p. 68
Statistical techniques	p. 71
Artificial Intelligence	p. 74
Current areas of research and support	p. 74
Research into the methodology and theory of notational analysis	p. 79
The future of notational analysis	p. 81
Sports Analysis	p. 85
Introduction	p. 85
Creating flowcharts	p. 86
Levels of analysis - the team, subsidiary units and individuals	p. 92
How do We Design Simple Systems? How to Develop a Notation System	p. 98
Introduction	p. 98
Data collection systems	p. 98
Scatter diagrams	p. 98
Frequency tables	p. 101
Sequential data systems	p. 103
Data collection systems in general	p. 108
Examples of Notation Systems	p. 111
Introduction	p. 111
Individual sports	p. 111
A notation system for tennis	p. 111
Description of point	p. 113
Results	p. 116
Summary of results	p. 117
Discussion and conclusions	p. 117
A notation system for boxing	p. 117
Collated data and results	p. 121
Conclusions	p. 123
Team sports	p. 124
A notation system for basketball	p. 124
Conclusion and discussion	p. 126
A notation system for soccer	p. 127
Method	p. 127
Results	p. 128
Analysis	p. 128
Discussion	p. 132
Adjustments to the system	p. 133
A notation system for netball	p. 134
Method	p. 135
Notation symbols	p. 135
The record sheet	p. 137
Recording a sequence	p. 137
Results	p. 137
A motion analysis of work-rate in different positional roles in field hockey	p. 140
Aim	p. 140
Hypothesis	p. 140
Devising the method	p. 140
Pilot study	p. 141
Finalized method	p. 141
Limitations	p. 143
Operational definitions	p. 143
Reliability	p. 143
Results	p. 145
Application	p. 149
Conclusion	p. 149
Recommendations for further research	p. 149
Analysis of Notation Data: Reliability	p. 150
Introduction	p. 150
The nature of the data; the depth of analysis	p. 151
Sample data	p. 151
The sequential nature of data	p. 152
Consistency of percentage difference calculations	p. 153
Processing data	p. 154
Visual interpretation of the data (a modified Bland and Altman plot)	p. 156
Sample data	p. 157
Qualitative Biomechanical Analysis of Technique	p. 162
Introduction	p. 162
The phase analysis model and movement principles	p. 164
The phase analysis model	p. 164
Movement principles	p. 166
Speed (S) principles	p. 167
Force (F) principles	p. 168
Coordination (C) principles	p. 170
Specific performance (P) principles	p. 172
An application of the phase analysis model and movement principles	p. 172
The performance outcome model	p. 176
An application of the Hay and Reid performance outcome model	p. 177
Time-Motion Analysis	p. 180
Introduction	p. 180
Time-motion analysis of running events	p. 182
Time-motion analysis of racket sports	p. 185
Team games	p. 191
The Bloomfield movement classification	p. 201
Probability Analysis of Notated Events in Sport Contests: Skill and Chance	p. 206
Introduction	p. 206
Sports contests	p. 206
Skill and chance	p. 207
Probability: stationarity and independence	p. 207
Taking a random walk in a field of probabilities	p. 208
Taking a random walk in sports contests: investigation of scoring structure	p. 210
Taking a random walk in sports contests: investigation of behaviours (shots) and outcomes in squash contests	p. 213
Stochastic processes, shot selections and outcomes in squash contests	p. 213
Computer simulation	p. 220
Identification of optimal decision-making strategies	p. 220
Interactions between the winner-error profiles	p. 221
Interactions between shot-response profiles	p. 223
Rule Changes in Sport and the Role of Notation	p. 226
Introduction	p. 226
Safety	p. 228
Natural development and progression	p. 231
Entertainment, commercialization and the media	p. 234
The role of notational analysis in tracking the effect of rules changes	p. 238
Conclusion	p. 241
Performance Analysis in the Media	p. 243
Introduction	p. 243
Classifying games	p. 244
Invasion games	p. 245
Soccer	p. 245
Rugby union	p. 249
Basketball	p. 250
Net and wall games	p. 253
Striking and fielding games	p. 256
Golf	p. 257
Cricket	p. 259
Notational Analysis of Coaching Behaviour	p. 264
Introduction: the coaching process	p. 264
Notational analysis of coaching behaviour	p. 265
Effective coaching	p. 265
Teaching and coaching behaviour - a historical perspective	p. 266
Systematic observation	p. 267
Systematic observation instruments	p. 267
Effective coaching behaviours	p. 270
Understanding the data	p. 270
Should comments be skill- or non-skill related?	p. 271
The focus of skill-related comments	p. 272
The timing of skill-related comments	p. 273
The delivery of skill-related comments	p. 273
The emphasis of skill-related comments	p. 274
The case for non-skill-related comments	p. 274
Modification of coaching behaviour	p. 274
Bibliography	p. 277
Glossary of terms	p. 300
Index	p. 302
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