Essentials of Psychology

by Bernstein, Douglas; Nash, Peggy W.

• ISBN13: 9780618713127
• ISBN10: 0618713123
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-12-18
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

In a concise and accessible 14-chapter format,Essentials of Psychology,4/e, retains key features of Bernstein's,Psychology,7/e, includingThinking Critically, Focus on Research,andLinkages.Combining extensive pedagogical support and emphasis on active learning, the text challenges students to "learn by doing"--to actively participate using materials from the text and to think about what they're learning as opposed to passively receiving written information. The Fourth Edition includes the latest information on research in the field. The text's integrated pedagogical system helps students master the material by supporting the elements of the PQ4R (Preview, Question, Read, Recite, Review, and Reflect) Study System. Chapter Outlines,along withPreview Questions(found at the beginning of each chapter and section and in the chapter summary), include page references to the relevant section of the chapter. Marginal Glossary,with definitions of terms and a pronunciation key, enable students to access new words without interrupting their reading. Instructional captions for all figures, tables, and photos prompt students to engage in various active learning activities. In Reviewstudy charts appear periodically throughout the chapter accompanied by self-test questions to encourage students to recite and review material. Active Reviewis a built-in study guide at the end of each chapter that includes aLinkagesdiagram with questions that illustrate three of the ways in which material in each chapter is connected to other chapters in the book; aChapter Summary,organized around major topic headings and the related preview questions from the beginning of the chapter;Learn by Doingsection that promotes active learning and reflection throughPut It in Writingexercises andPersonal Learning Projects; Step into Actionsections that recommend courses, books, and movies for further exploration of chapter topics and links to the Online Study Center;Review of Key Terms;and aMultiple-Choice Self-Test,designed to help students assess their understanding of the chapter's key points. (Answers are provided in the back of the book with explanations and page references to discussion of material in the text.) Thinking Criticallysections apply a five-question approach to one topic per chapter: "What am I being asked to believe or accept?" "Is there evidence available to support the claim?" "Can that evidence be interpreted another way?" "What evidence would help to evaluate the alternatives?" "What conclusions are most reasonable?" Focus on Researchsections, organized around five questions to help readers think about research questions and results, make the method of scientific research more accessible to students and highlight the discipline's scientific basis: "What was the researcher's question?" "How did the researcher answer the question?" "What did the researcher find?" "What do the results mean?" "What do we still need to know?" TheLinkagesfeatures help students understand the relationships and interdependency among different subfields of psychology and the scope of the discipline. This hallmark program consists of three features:Linkages Diagram,which presents a set of questions that illustrate three ways in which material in the chapter is related to other chapters in the book;Linkages Cross-references,which appear as marginal icons whenever a Linkage is covered in the text; and oneLinkages Sectionwithin each chapter, which discusses a chapter topic that relates to other subfields of psychology. New!Neuropsychologychapter, written by Joel Shenker and available through Houghton Mi

Table of Contents

Note: Each chapter concludes with an Active Review

Introduction to the Science of Psychology

The World of Psychology: An Overview

Approaches to the Science of Psychology

Human Diversity and Psychology

Thinking Critically About Psychology (or Anything Else)

Research Methods in Psychology

Focus on Research: Studying EMDR

Linkages: Psychological Research and Behavioral

Genetics Statistical Analysis of Research Results

Ethical Guidelines for Psychologists

Biology and Behavior Cells of the Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Keeping in Touch with the World

The Central Nervous System: Making Sense of the World

Thinking Critically: What Can fMRI Tell Us about Behavior and Mental Processes?

Focus on Research: The Case of the Disembodied Woman

Linkages: Human Development and the Changing Brain

The Chemistry of Behavior: Neurotransmitters

The Endocrine System: Coordinating the Internal World

Sensation and Perception

Sensing and Perceiving the World Sensory Systems

Seeing Hearing The Chemical Senses: Taste and Smell

Sensing Your Body Thinking Critically: Does Acupuncture Relieve Pain?

Perception Organizing the Perceptual World

Recognizing the Perceptual World

Linkages: Perception and Human Development Attention

Focus on Research: Attention and the Brain

Consciousness

The Scope of Consciousness Thinking Critically: Can Subliminal Messages Change Your Behavior?

Focus on Research: Subliminal Messages in Rock Music

Sleeping and Dreaming Hypnosis

Linkages: Meditation, Health, and Stress Psychoactive Drugs

Learning Classical Conditioning: Learning Signals and Associations

Instrumental and Operant Conditioning: Learning the Consequences of Behavior

Linkages: Networks of Learning Cognitive Processes in Learning

Focus on Research: The "I Can't Do It" Attitude Thinking Critically: Does Watching Violence on Television Make People More Violent?

Using Research on Learning to Help People Learn

Memory

The Nature of Memory Storing New Memories

Retrieving Memories

Constructing Memories

Focus on Research: I Could Swear I Heard It!

Linkages: Memory and Perception in the Courtroom Forgetting Thinking Critically: Can Traumatic Memories Be Repressed, Then Recovered?

Biological Bases of Memory Improving Your Memory

Thought, Language, and Intelligence

Basic Functions of Thought

Mental Representations: The Ingredients of Thought

Thinking Strategies Problem Solving

Focus on Research: Problem-Solving Strategies in the Real World

Decision Making

Linkages: Group Processes in Problem Solving and Decision Making

Language Testing Intelligence

Evaluating Intelligence Tests

Thinking Critically: Are Intelligence Tests Unfairly Biased Against Certain Groups?

Diversity in Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Concepts and Theories of Motivation

Eating Sexual Behavior

Focus on Research: Tell Me About Your Sex Life

Thinking Critically: What Shapes Sexual Orientation?

Achievement Motivation Relations and Conflicts Among

Motives Linkages: Conflicting Motives and Stress

The Nature of Emotion

Theories of Emotion

Communicating Emotion

Human Development

Exploring Human Development Beginnings

Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development

Focus on Research: What Do Infants Know About Physics?

Linkages: Development and Memory

Infancy and Childhood: Social and Emotional Development

Thinking Critically: Does Day Care Harm the Emotional Development of Infants?

Adolescence Adu

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