Essentials of Sociology : A Down-to-Earth Approach

by Henslin, James M.

• ISBN13: 9780205444441
• ISBN10: 020544444X
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

Henslin's best-selling brief paperback text shares the excitement of sociology its acclaimed "down-to-earth" approach and personal writing style highlight the sociology of everyday life and its relevance to readers' lives. The author has a unique ability to engage readers. With wit, personal reflection, and illuminating examples, Henslin shares with readers a passion for sociology unmatched by any other introductory text.

Table of Contents

To the Student from the Author	xxvii
To the Instructor from the Author	xxviii
PART I The Sociological Perspective
The Sociological Perspective	2	(28)
The Sociological Perspective	2	(1)
Seeing the Broader Social Context	2	(1)
The Origins of Sociology	2	(4)
Tradition Versus Science	2	(1)
Auguste Comte and Positivism	3	(1)
Herbert Spencer and Social Darwinism	4	(1)
Karl Marx and Class Conflict	4	(1)
Emile Durkheim and Social Integration	5	(1)
Max Weber and the Protestant Ethic	5	(1)
Sexism in Early Sociology	6	(1)
Attitudes of the Time	6	(1)
Harriet Martineau and Early Social Research	6	(1)
Sociology in North America	7	(4)
Early History: The Tension Between Social Reform and Sociological Analysis	7	(1)
Jane Addams and Social Reform	7	(1)
W. E. B. Du Bois and Race Relations	7	(1)
Talcott Parsons and C. Wright Mills: Theory Versus Reform	8	(1)
The Continuing Tension and the Rise of Applied Sociology	8	(1)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Early North American Sociology: Du Bois and Race Relations	9	(1)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Careers in Sociology: What Applied Sociologists Do	10	(1)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Capturing Saddam Hussein: An Example of Applied Sociology	11	(1)
Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology	11	(6)
Symbolic Interactionism	11	(2)
Functional Analysis	13	(2)
Conflict Theory	15	(1)
Levels of Analysis: Macro and Micro	15	(1)
Putting the Theoretical Perspectives Together	16	(1)
How Theory and Research Work Together	17	(1)
Doing Sociological Research	17	(4)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Enjoying a Sociology Quiz---Sociological Findings Versus Common Sense	17	(1)
A Research Model	17	(4)
Research Methods	21	(4)
Surveys	21	(2)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Loading the Dice: How Not to Do Research	23	(1)
Participant Observation (Fieldwork)	24	(1)
Secondary Analysis	24	(1)
Documents	24	(1)
Experiments	24	(1)
Unobtrusive Measures	25	(1)
Ethics in Sociological Research	25	(3)
Protecting the Subjects: The Brajuha Research	26	(1)
Misleading the Subjects: The Humphreys Research	26	(1)
Values in Sociological Research	27	(1)
Summary and Review	28	(2)
Culture	30	(24)
What Is Culture?	32	(4)
Culture and Taken-for-Granted Orientations to Life	33	(1)
Practicing Cultural Relativism	34	(1)
Cultural Diversity Around the World: You Are What You Eat?: An Exploration in Cultural Relativity	35	(1)
Components of Symbolic Culture	36	(7)
Gestures	37	(1)
Language	38	(1)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Emoticons: ``Written Gestures'' for Expressing Yourself Online	39	(1)
Cultural Diversity in the United States: Miami--Language in a Changing City	40	(1)
Language and Perception: The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis	41	(1)
Cultural Diversity in the United States: Race and Language: Searching for Self-Labels	41	(1)
Values, Norms, and Sanctions	42	(1)
Folkways and Mores	42	(1)
Many Cultural Worlds	43	(3)
Subcultures	43	(1)
Countercultures	43	(3)
Values in U.S. Society	46	(4)
An Overview of U.S. Values	46	(1)
Value Clusters	46	(1)
Mass Media in Social Life: Why Do Native Americans Like Westerns?	47	(1)
Value Contradictions and Social Change	48	(1)
Emerging Values	48	(1)
Culture Wars: When Values Clash	49	(1)
Values as Blinders	49	(1)
``Ideal'' Versus ``Real'' Culture	49	(1)
Technology in the Global Village	50	(2)
The New Technology	50	(1)
Cultural Lag and Cultural Change	50	(1)
Technology and Cultural Leveling	51	(1)
Summary and Review	52	(2)
Socialization	54	(24)
What Is Human Nature?	56	(3)
Feral Children	56	(1)
Isolated Children	56	(1)
Institutionalized Children	56	(1)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Heredity or Environment? The Case of Oskar and Jack, Identical Twins	57	(1)
Deprived Animals	58	(1)
Socialization into the Self, Mind, and Emotions	59	(6)
Cooley and the Looking-Glass Self	59	(1)
Mead and Role-Taking	60	(1)
Piaget and the Development of Reasoning	61	(1)
Global Aspects of the Self and Reasoning	62	(1)
Freud and the Development of Personality	62	(1)
Cultural Diversity Around the World: Do You See What I See?: Eastern and Western Ways of Perceiving and Thinking	63	(1)
Socialization and Emotions	63	(1)
Society Within Us: The Self and Emotions as Social Control	64	(1)
Socialization into Gender	65	(3)
Gender Messages in the Family	65	(1)
Gender Messages From Peers	65	(1)
Gender Messages in the Mass Media	66	(1)
Mass Media in Social Life: From Xena, Warrior Princess, to Lara Croft, Tomb Raider: Changing Images of Women in the Mass Media	67	(1)
Agents of Socialization	68	(3)
The Family	68	(1)
The Neighborhood	68	(1)
Religion	68	(1)
Day Care	68	(1)
The School and Peer Groups	69	(1)
The Workplace	69	(1)
Cultural Diversity in the United States: Caught Between Two Worlds	70	(1)
Resocialization	71	(1)
Total Institutions	71	(1)
Socialization Through the Life Course	71	(4)
Childhood (From Birth to About Age 12)	71	(1)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Boot Camp as a Total Institution	72	(1)
Adolescence (Ages 13--17)	73	(1)
Young Adulthood (Ages 18--29)	74	(1)
The Middle Years (Ages 30--65)	74	(1)
The Older Years (About 65 on)	75	(1)
Are We Prisoners of Socialization?	75	(1)
Summary and Review	75	(3)
Social Structure and Social Interaction	78	(28)
Levels of Sociological Analysis	80	(1)
Macrosociology and Microsociology	80	(1)
The Macrosociological Perspective: Social Structure	81	(11)
Culture	82	(1)
Social Class	82	(1)
Social Status	82	(1)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: College Football as Social Structure	83	(1)
Roles	84	(1)
Groups	85	(1)
Social Institutions	85	(1)
Societies---and Their Transformations	85	(4)
Bioeconomic Society: Is a New Type of Society Emerging?	89	(1)
Sociology and the New Technology: ``So, You Want to Be Yourself?'': Cloning in the Coming Bioeconomy	90	(1)
What Holds Society Together?	90	(2)
The Microsociological Perspective: Social Interaction in Everyday Life	92	(9)
Stereotypes in Everyday Life	92	(1)
Personal Space	92	(1)
Cultural Diversity in the United States: The Amish--Gemeinschaft Community in a Gesellschaft Society	93	(1)
Down to Earth Sociology: Beauty May Be Only Skin Deep, But Its Effects Go On Forever: Stereotypes in Everyday Life	94	(1)
Dramaturgy: The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life	95	(2)
Ethnomethodology: Uncovering Background Assumptions	97	(1)
The Social Construction of Reality	97	(1)
Mass Media in Social Life: You Can't Be Thin Enough: Body Images and the Mass Media	98	(2)
Social Interaction on the Internet	100	(1)
Sociology and the New Technology: When Worlds Collide: Virtual Reality and the Real World	101	(1)
The Need for Both Macrosociology and Microsociology	101	(3)
When a Tornado Strikes: Social Organization Following a Natural Disaster	102	(2)
Summary and Review	104	(2)
PART II Social Groups and Social Control
Social Groups and Formal Organizations	106	(26)
Social Groups	108	(7)
Primary Groups	109	(1)
Secondary Groups	110	(1)
In-Groups and Out-Groups	111	(1)
Reference Groups	112	(1)
Social Networks	113	(1)
Cultural Diversity in the United States: How Our Own Social Networks Perpetuate Social Inequality	114	(1)
A New Group: Electronic Communities	115	(1)
Bureaucracies	115	(3)
The Characteristics of Bureaucracies	115	(1)
The Perpetuation of Bureaucracies	116	(1)
The Rationalization of Society	117	(1)
Coping with Bureaucracies	117	(1)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: The McDonaldization of Society	118	(1)
Working for the Corporation	118	(3)
Stereotypes and the ``Hidden'' Corporate Culture	119	(1)
U.S. and Japanese Corporations	120	(1)
Group Dynamics	121	(8)
Effects of Group Size on Stability and Intimacy	121	(1)
Sociology and the New Technology: Cyberslackers and Cybersleuths: Surfing at Work	122	(1)
Effects of Group Size on Attitudes and Behavior	123	(1)
Leadership	124	(1)
The Power of Peer Pressure: The Asch Experiment	125	(1)
The Power of Authority: The Milgram Experiment	126	(2)
Global Consequences of Group Dynamics: Groupthink	128	(1)
Summary and Review	129	(3)
Deviance and Social Control	132	(26)
What Is Deviance?	134	(4)
Cultural Diversity Around the World: Human Sexuality in Cross-Cultural Perspective	135	(1)
How Norms Make Social Life Possible	135	(1)
Sanctions	136	(1)
Competing Explanations of Deviance: Sociobiology, Psychology, and Sociology	137	(1)
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective	138	(1)
Differential Association Theory	138	(4)
Control Theory	139	(1)
Labeling Theory	140	(2)
The Functionalist Perspective	142	(5)
Can Deviance Really Be Functional for Society?	142	(1)
Strain Theory: How Social Values Produce Deviance	142	(1)
Mass Media in Social Life: Pornography on the Internet: Freedom Versus Censorship	143	(1)
Illegitimate Opportunity Structures: Social Class and Crime	144	(1)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Islands in the Street: Urban Gangs in the United States	145	(2)
The Conflict Perspective	147	(2)
Class, Crime, and the Criminal Justice System	147	(1)
Power and Inequality	147	(1)
The Law as an Instrument of Oppression	148	(1)
Reactions to Deviance	149	(7)
Street Crime and Prisons	149	(2)
The Decline in Crime	151	(1)
Recidivism	151	(2)
The Death Penalty and Bias	153	(1)
Legal Change	153	(1)
The Medicalization of Deviance: Mental Illness	154	(1)
The Homeless Mentally III	155	(1)
The Need for a More Humane Approach	156	(1)
Summary and Review	156	(2)
PART III Social Inequality
Global Stratification	158	(26)
An Overview of Social Stratification	160	(5)
Slavery	160	(2)
Caste	162	(1)
Mass Media in Social Life: What Price Freedom? Slavery Today	163	(1)
Class	164	(1)
Global Stratification and the Status of Females	165	(1)
What Determines Social Class?	165	(2)
Karl Marx: The Means of Production	165	(1)
Max Weber: Property, Prestige, and Power	166	(1)
Why Is Social Stratification Universal?	167	(2)
The Functionalist Perspective: Motivating Qualified People	167	(1)
The Conflict Perspective: Class Conflict and Scarce Resources	168	(1)
Lenski's Synthesis	169	(1)
How Do Elites Maintain Stratification?	169	(2)
Ideology Versus Force	169	(2)
Comparative Social Stratification	171	(1)
Social Stratification in Great Britain	171	(1)
Social Stratification in the Former Soviet Union	171	(1)
Global Stratification: Three Worlds	172	(4)
The Most Industrialized Nations	172	(1)
The Industrializing Nations	172	(1)
The Least Industrialized Nations	173	(3)
How Did the World's Nations Become Stratified?	176	(4)
Colonialism	176	(1)
World System Theory	176	(1)
Culture of Poverty	177	(1)
Evaluating the Theories	177	(1)
The Dump People: Working and Living and Playing in the City Dump of Phnom Penh, Cambodia	178	(2)
Maintaining Global Stratification	180	(1)
Neocolonialism	180	(1)
Multinational Corporations	180	(1)
Technology and Global Domination	181	(1)
A Concluding Note	181	(1)
Summary and Review	181	(3)
Social Class in the United States	184	(26)
What Is Social Class?	186	(6)
Wealth	186	(3)
Power	189	(1)
Prestige	189	(1)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: How the Super-Rich Live	190	(2)
Status Inconsistency	192	(1)
Sociological Models of Social Class	192	(5)
Updating Marx	192	(1)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: The Big Win: Life After the Lottery	193	(2)
Updating Weber	195	(2)
Social Class in the Automobile Industry	197	(1)
Consequences of Social Class	197	(3)
Family Life	197	(1)
Education	198	(1)
Religion	198	(1)
Politics	198	(1)
Physical Health	198	(1)
Mental Health	199	(1)
Social Mobility	200	(1)
Three Types of Social Mobility	200	(1)
Women in Studies of Social Mobility	200	(1)
The New Technology and Fears of the Future	201	(1)
Poverty	201	(7)
Drawing the Poverty Line	201	(1)
Down-to Earth Sociology: Exploring Myths About the Poor	202	(1)
Who Are the Poor?	203	(2)
Children of Poverty	205	(1)
The Dynamics of Poverty	205	(1)
Welfare Reform	206	(1)
Why Are People Poor?	206	(1)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Poverty: A Personal Journey	207	(1)
Where Is Horatio Alger? The Social Functions of a Myth	207	(1)
Summary and Review	208	(2)
Inequalities of Race and Ethnicity	210	(34)
Laying the Sociological Foundation	212	(7)
Race: Myth and Reality	212	(1)
Ethnic Groups	213	(1)
Minority and Dominant Groups	213	(1)
Cultural Diversity in the United States: Tiger Woods and the Emerging Multiracial Identity: Mapping New Ethnic Terrain	214	(1)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Can a Plane Ride Change Your Race?	215	(1)
How People Construct Their Racial-Ethnic Identity	216	(1)
Learning Prejudice	216	(2)
Individual and Institutional Discrimination	218	(1)
Theories of Prejudice	219	(2)
Psychological Perspectives	219	(1)
Sociological Perspectives	220	(1)
Global Patterns of Intergroup Relations	221	(2)
Genocide	221	(1)
Population Transfer	222	(1)
Internal Colonialism	223	(1)
Segregation	223	(1)
Assimilation	223	(1)
Multiculturalism (Pluralism)	223	(1)
Race and Ethnic Relations in the United States	223	(15)
Cultural Diversity in the United States: ``You Can Work for Us, But You Can't Live Near Us''	224	(1)
European Americans	225	(1)
Latinos	226	(1)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack: Exploring Cultural Privilege	227	(2)
African Americans	229	(4)
Asian Americans	233	(1)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Stealth Racism in the Rental Market: What You Reveal by Your Voice	234	(2)
Native Americans	236	(2)
Looking Toward the Future	238	(3)
The Immigration Debate	238	(1)
Cultural Diversity in the United States: Glimpsing the Future: The Shifting U.S. Racial-Ethnic Mix	239	(1)
Affirmative Action	240	(1)
Toward a True Multicultural Society	241	(1)
Summary and Review	241	(3)
Inequalities of Gender and Age	244	(38)
Inequalities of Gender	246	(1)
Issues of Sex and Gender	246	(6)
Gender Differences in Behavior: Biology or Culture?	246	(2)
Opening the Door to Biology	248	(2)
Work and Gender: Women at Work in India	250	(2)
How Females Became a Minority Group	252	(2)
The Origins of Patriarchy	252	(1)
Cultural Diversity Around the World: ``Psst. You Wanna Buy a Bride?'' China in Transition	253	(1)
Gender Inequality in the United States	254	(12)
Fighting Back: The Rise of Feminism	254	(2)
Gender Inequality in Education	256	(1)
Gender Inequality in Health Care	257	(1)
Gender Inequality in the Workplace	258	(1)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Cold-Hearted Surgeons and Their Women Victims	259	(4)
Sexual Harassment---And Worse	263	(1)
Gender and Violence	263	(2)
Cultural Diversity Around the World: Female Circumcision	265	(1)
Mass Media in Social Life: Beauty and Pain: How Much Is an Ad Worth?	266	(1)
The Changing Face of Politics	266	(1)
Glimpsing the Future---with Hope	267	(1)
Inequalities of Aging	267	(1)
Aging in Global Perspective	268	(4)
The Social Construction of Aging	268	(1)
Effects of Industrialization	269	(1)
The Graying of America	270	(2)
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective	272	(1)
Ageism: The Concept	272	(1)
Shifting Meanings of Growing Old	272	(1)
Influence of the Mass Media	273	(1)
The Functionalist Perspective	273	(3)
Disengagement Theory	273	(1)
Mass Media in Social Life: Shaping Our Perceptions of the Elderly	274	(1)
Activity Theory	274	(1)
Continuity Theory	275	(1)
The Conflict Perspective	276	(2)
Social Security Legislation	276	(1)
Intergenerational Conflict	276	(2)
Looking Toward the Future	278	(1)
Summary and Review	279	(3)
PART IV Social Institutions
Politics and the Economy	282	(28)
Politics: Establishing Leadership	284	(1)
Power, Authority, and Violence	284	(3)
Authority and Legitimate Violence	284	(1)
Traditional Authority	285	(1)
Rational-Legal Authority	285	(1)
Charismatic Authority	285	(1)
The Transfer of Authority	286	(1)
Types of Government	287	(2)
Monarchies: The Rise of the State	287	(1)
Democracies: Citizenship as a Revolutionary Idea	287	(1)
Mass Media in Social Life: Politics and Democracy in a Technological Society	288	(1)
Dictatorships and Oligarchies: The Seizure of Power	289	(1)
The U.S. Political System	289	(4)
Political Parties and Elections	289	(1)
Voting Patterns	290	(2)
Lobbyists and Special-Interest Groups	292	(1)
Who Rules the United States?	293	(1)
The Functionalist Perspective: Pluralism	293	(1)
The Conflict Perspective: The Power Elite	293	(1)
Which View Is Right?	294	(1)
War and Terrorism: A Means to Implement Political Objectives	294	(2)
War	295	(1)
Terrorism	296	(1)
The Economy: Work in the Global Village	296	(2)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Is Big Brother Knocking on the Door? Civil Liberties and Homeland Security	297	(1)
The Transformation of Economic Systems	298	(7)
Preindustrial Societies: The Birth of Inequality	298	(1)
Industrial Societies: The Birth of the Machine	298	(1)
Postindustrial Societies: The Birth of the Information Age	299	(1)
Bioeconomic Societies: The Merger of Biology and Economics	299	(1)
Implications for Your Life	299	(1)
Ominous Trends in the United States	300	(1)
World Economic Systems	301	(1)
Capitalism	302	(1)
Socialism	303	(1)
Ideologies of Capitalism and Socialism	304	(1)
Criticisms of Capitalism and Socialism	304	(1)
The Convergence of Capitalism and Socialism	304	(1)
Capitalism in a Global Economy	305	(3)
Corporate Capitalism	305	(1)
Multinational Corporations	305	(1)
A New World Order?	305	(2)
Cultural Diversity Around the World: Doing Business in the Global Village	307	(1)
Summary and Review	308	(2)
Marriage and Family	310	(30)
Marriage and Family in Global Perspective	312	(2)
What Is a Family?	312	(1)
Common Cultural Themes	313	(1)
Marriage and Family in Theoretical Perspective	314	(3)
The Functionalist Perspective: Functions and Dysfunctions	314	(1)
The Conflict Perspective: Gender and Power	315	(2)
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: Gender and Housework	317	(1)
The Family Life Cycle	317	(5)
Love and Courtship in Global Perspective	317	(1)
Cultural Diversity Around the World: East Is East and West Is West: Love and Arranged Marriage in India	318	(1)
Marriage	319	(1)
Childbirth and Child Rearing	320	(2)
The Family in Later Life	322	(1)
Diversity in U.S. Families	322	(5)
African American Families	322	(1)
Latino Families	323	(1)
Asian American Families	324	(1)
Native American Families	324	(1)
One-Parent Families	325	(1)
Families Without Children	325	(1)
Blended Families	326	(1)
Gay and Lesbian Families	326	(1)
Trends in U.S. Families	327	(4)
Postponing Marriage and Childbirth	327	(1)
Cohabitation	327	(1)
Unmarried Mothers	328	(1)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: ``You Want Us to Live Together? What Do You Mean By That?''	329	(1)
Grandparents as Parents	330	(1)
The Sandwich Generation and Elder Care	330	(1)
Divorce and Remarriage	331	(4)
Problems in Measuring Divorce	331	(1)
Children of Divorce	332	(1)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: You Be the Sociologist: Curious Divorce Patterns	332	(2)
The Absent Father and Serial Fatherhood	334	(1)
The Ex-Spouses	334	(1)
Remarriage	334	(1)
Two Sides of Family Life	335	(2)
The Dark Side of Family Life: Battering, Child Abuse, and Incest	335	(1)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: ``Why Doesn't She Just Leave?'' The Dilemma of Abused Women	336	(1)
The Bright Side of Family Life: Successful Marriages	336	(1)
The Future of Marriage and Family	337	(1)
Summary and Review	338	(2)
Education and Religion	340	(32)
Education: Transferring Knowledge and Skills	342	(1)
Education in Global Perspective	342	(4)
Education and Industrialization	342	(1)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Community Colleges: Challenges Old and New	343	(1)
Education in the Most Industrialized Nations: Japan	343	(1)
Education in the Industrializing Nations: Russia	344	(1)
Education in the Least Industrialized Nations: Egypt	345	(1)
The Functionalist Perspective: Providing Social Benefits	346	(2)
Teaching Knowledge and Skills	346	(1)
Cultural Transmission of Values	346	(1)
Social Integration	346	(1)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Home Schooling: The Search for Quality and Values	347	(1)
Gatekeeping	348	(1)
The Conflict Perspective: Perpetuating Social Inequality	348	(2)
The Hidden Curriculum	349	(1)
Tilting the Tests: Discrimination by IQ	349	(1)
Stacking the Deck: Unequal Funding	350	(1)
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective: Fulfilling Teacher Expectations	350	(1)
The Rist Research	350	(1)
How Do Teacher Expectations Work?	351	(1)
Problems in U.S. Education---And Their Solutions	351	(3)
Problems: Mediocrity and Violence	351	(2)
Solutions: Safety and Standards	353	(1)
Religion: Establishing Meaning	354	(1)
What Is Religion?	354	(1)
The Functionalist Perspective	355	(1)
Functions of Religion	355	(1)
Dysfunctions of Religion	356	(1)
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective	356	(3)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Terrorism and the Mind of God	357	(1)
Religious Symbols	358	(1)
Rituals and Beliefs	358	(1)
Religious Experience	359	(1)
The Conflict Perspective	359	(1)
Opium of the People	359	(1)
A Legitimation of Social Inequalities	359	(1)
Religion and the Spirit of Capitalism	360	(1)
Types of Religious Groups	361	(1)
Cult	361	(1)
Sect	362	(1)
Church	362	(1)
Ecclesia	362	(1)
Variations in Patterns	362	(1)
Religion in the United States	362	(5)
Characteristics of Members	363	(1)
Characteristics of Religious Groups	364	(2)
Secularization and the Splintering of U.S. Churches	366	(1)
The Future of Religion	367	(2)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Does Prayer Work? An Intriguing Experiment	368	(1)
Summary and Review	369	(3)
PART V Social Change
Population and Urbanization	372	(32)
Population in Global Perspective	374	(1)
A Planet with No Space to Enjoy Life?	374	(4)
The New Malthusians	374	(1)
The Anti-Malthusians	375	(1)
Who Is Correct?	376	(1)
Why Are People Starving?	377	(1)
Population Growth	378	(7)
Why Do the Least Industrialized Nations Have So Many Children?	379	(1)
Implications of Different Rates of Growth	380	(1)
The Three Demographic Variables	381	(2)
Problems in Forecasting Population Growth	383	(1)
Cultural Diversity Around the World: Killing Little Girls: An Ancient and Thriving Practice	384	(1)
Urbanization	385	(1)
The Development of Cities	386	(8)
The Process of Urbanization	387	(1)
U.S. Urban Patterns	387	(1)
A Walk Through El Tiro in Medellin, Colombia	388	(3)
Models of Urban Growth	391	(1)
Cultural Diversity in the United States: Reclaiming Harlem: ``It Feeds My Soul''	392	(2)
City Life	394	(4)
Alienation and Community	394	(1)
Cultural Diversity Around the World: Why City Slums Are Better than the Country: Urbanization in the Least Industrialized Nations	395	(1)
Who Lives in the City?	396	(1)
Urban Sentiment: Finding a Familiar World	397	(1)
The Norm of Noninvolvement and the Diffusion of Responsibility	397	(1)
The Rural Rebound	397	(1)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Urban Fear and the Gated Fortress	398	(1)
Urban Problems and Social Policy	398	(3)
Suburbanization	399	(1)
Disinvestment and Deindustrialization	400	(1)
The Potential of Urban Revitalization	400	(1)
Summary and Review	401	(3)
Social Change: Technology, Social Movements, and the Environment	404
How Social Change Transforms Social Life	406	(3)
The Four Social Revolutions	406	(1)
From Gemeinschaft to Gesellschaft	406	(1)
Capitalism, Modernization, and Industrialization	407	(1)
Conflict, Power, and Global Politics	408	(1)
Theories and Processes of Social Change	409	(2)
Cultural Evolution	409	(1)
Natural Cycles	409	(1)
Conflict over Power	409	(1)
Ogburn's Theory	410	(1)
How Technology Changes Society	411	(4)
The Cutting Edge of Change: The Computer	411	(3)
Cyberspace and Social Inequality	414	(1)
Social Movements as a Source of Social Change	415	(7)
Types of Social Movements	415	(1)
Cultural Diversity in the United States: The Million-Man March: Another Step in an Unfinished Social Movement	416	(1)
Propaganda and the Mass Media	417	(1)
Social Movements and Propaganda: The Execution of Timothy McVeigh	418	(2)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: ``Tricks of the Trade''---The Fine Art of Propaganda	420	(1)
The Stages of Social Movements	420	(2)
The Growth Machine Versus the Earth	422	(6)
Environmental Problems in the Most Industrialized Nations	422	(1)
Down-to-Earth Sociology: Corporations and Big Welfare Bucks: How to Get Paid to Pollute	423	(1)
Environmental Problems in the Industrializing and Least Industrializing Nations	424	(1)
Cultural Diversity Around the World: The Rain Forests: Lost Tribes, Lost Knowledge	425	(1)
The Environmental Movement	426	(1)
Environmental Sociology	426	(2)
Summary and Review	428
Glossary	1	(1)
Suggested Readings	1	(1)
References	1	(1)
Name Index	1	(1)
Subject Index	1	(1)
Epilogue	1