Essentials of the U. S. Health Care System

by Shi, Leiyu

• ISBN13: 9780763731519
• ISBN10: 076373151X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-10-15
• Publisher: Jones & Bartlett

Summary

Written by the authors of the widely used textbook Delivering Health Care in America: A Systems Approach, this engaging new book gives students the most accessible and concise introduction to U.S. health care available. Essentials of the U.S. Health Care System utilizes a unique "systems" approach that clarifies the complexities of health care organization and finance and presents a solid overview of how the various components fit together. This condensed and simplified version covers basic structures and operations of the U.S. health system -- from its historical origins and resources, to its individual services, cost, and quality.

Author Biography

Leiyu Shi. Dr PH. MBA. MPA Johns Hopkins University Douglas A. Singh. PhD. MBA Indiana University. South Bend

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
List of Exhibits	xi
List of Tables	xii
List of Figures	xii
List of Abbreviations	xiii
CHAPTER 1 MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF US HEALTH CARE DELIVERY	1	(22)
Introduction	1	(2)
Subsystems of US Health Care Delivery	3	(5)
Characteristics of the US Health Care System	8	(7)
Health Care Systems of Other Developed Countries	15	(2)
Systems Framework	17	(3)
Conclusion	20	(3)
CHAPTER 2 FOUNDATION OF US HEALTH CARE DELIVERY	23	(22)
Introduction	23	(1)
What Is Health?	24	(3)
Determinants of Health	27	(3)
Cultural Beliefs and Values	30	(1)
Strategies to Improve Health	30	(12)
Conclusion	42	(3)
CHAPTER 3 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF US HEALTH CARE DELIVERY	45	(26)
Introduction	45	(2)
Medical Services in Preindustrial America	47	(4)
Medical Services in Postindustrial America	51	(5)
History of Health Insurance	56	(7)
Year 1970 into the 21st Century	63	(5)
Conclusion	68	(3)
CHAPTER 4 HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS AND PROFESSIONALS	71	(26)
Introduction	71	(3)
Physicians	74	(6)
Dentists	80	(2)
Pharmacists	82	(1)
Other Doctoral-Level Health Professionals	83	(1)
Nurses	84	(2)
Nonphysician Practitioners	86	(2)
Allied Health Professionals	88	(2)
Health Services Administrators	90	(2)
Conclusion	92	(5)
CHAPTER 5 TECHNOLOGY AND ITS EFFECTS	97	(24)
Introduction	97	(2)
What Is Medical Technology?	99	(1)
Information Technology	100	(2)
Use of Medical Technology	102	(3)
Role of the Government in Technology Diffusion	105	(4)
Impact of Medical Technology	109	(6)
Assessment of Medical Technology	115	(2)
Benefits of Technology Assessment	117	(1)
Conclusion	118	(3)
CHAPTER 6 FINANCING AND REIMBURSEMENT METHODS	121	(28)
Introduction	121	(1)
Effects of Health Care Financing and Insurance	122	(3)
Insurance: Its Nature and Purpose	125	(2)
Private Insurance	127	(2)
Public Insurance	129	(10)
Reimbursement Methods	139	(4)
National Health Expenditures	143	(3)
Conclusion	146	(3)
CHAPTER 7 OUTPATIENT SERVICES AND PRIMARY CARE	149	(24)
Introduction	149	(1)
What Is Outpatient Care?	150	(1)
Scope of Outpatient Services	151	(2)
Outpatient Care Settings and Methods of Delivery	153	(5)
Primary Care	158	(10)
Conclusion	168	(5)
CHAPTER 8 HOSPITALS	173	(24)
Introduction	173	(1)
Evolution of the Hospital in the United States	174	(2)
Expansion and Downsizing of Hospitals in the United States	176	(3)
Access and Utilization by the US Population	179	(1)
Utilization of Hospital Capacity	180	(1)
Hospital Employment	181	(1)
Types of Hospitals	182	(7)
Licensure, Certification, and Accreditation	189	(1)
Hospital Organization	190	(2)
Ethics and Public Trust	192	(2)
Conclusion	194	(3)
CHAPTER 9 MANAGED CARE AND INTEGRATED ORGANIZATIONS	197	(24)
Introduction	197	(1)
What Is Managed Care?	198	(2)
Evolution and Growth of Managed Care	200	(4)
Utilization Control Methods in Managed Care	204	(2)
Types of Managed Care Organizations	206	(5)
Impact of Cost, Access, and Quality	211	(1)
Health Networks	212	(2)
Types of Integration	214	(3)
Conclusion	217	(4)
CHAPTER 10 LONG-TERM CARE SERVICES	221	(26)
Introduction	221	(2)
What Is LTC?	223	(6)
Community-Based LTC Services	229	(4)
Institutional LTC	233	(5)
Licensing and Certification of Nursing Homes	238	(2)
Other LTC Services	240	(1)
State of the Nursing Home Industry	241	(2)
Conclusion	243	(4)
CHAPTER 11 UNDERSERVED POPULATIONS	247	(16)
Introduction	247	(1)
Framework to Study Vulnerable Populations	248	(7)
Enabling Characteristics	255	(2)
Need Characteristics	257	(3)
Conclusion	260	(3)
CHAPTER 12 COST, ACCESS, AND QUALITY	263	(28)
Introduction	263	(1)
Cost of Health Care	264	(1)
High in Cost	265	(1)
Reasons for High Cost	266	(6)
Cost Containment	272	(3)
Unequal in Access	275	(7)
Average in Quality	282	(4)
Developments in Process Improvement	286	(1)
Conclusion	287	(4)
CHAPTER 13 HEALTH POLICY	291	(22)
Introduction	291	(1)
What Is Health Policy?	292	(2)
Principal Features of US Health Policy	294	(8)
Development of Legislative Health Policy	302	(3)
Critical Policy Issues	305	(5)
Conclusion	310	(3)
CHAPTER 14 THE FUTURE OF HEALTH SERVICES DELIVERY	313	(24)
Introduction	313	(3)
Future of Managed Care, Health Care Costs, and System Reform	316	(3)
Trends in Health Insurance	319	(3)
Options for Comprehensive Reform	322	(1)
National and Global Challenges	323	(3)
Bioterrorism and the Transformation of Public Health	326	(1)
Future of Health Care Workforce	327	(3)
New Frontiers in Technology	330	(2)
Conclusion	332	(5)
INDEX	337