Eternity A History

by Melamed, Yitzhak Y.

• ISBN13: 9780199781867
• ISBN10: 0199781869
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2016-07-01
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Eternity is a unique kind of existence that is supposed to belong to the most real being or beings. It is an existence that is not shaken by the common wear and tear of time. Over the two and half millennia history of Western philosophy we find various conceptions of eternity, yet one sharp distinction between two notions of eternity seems to run throughout this long history: eternity as timeless existence, as opposed to eternity as existence in all times. Both kinds of existence stand in sharp contrast to the coming in and out of existence of ordinary beings, like hippos, humans, and toothbrushes: were these eternally-timeless, for example, a hippo could not eat, a human could not think or laugh, and a toothbrush would be of no use. Were a hippo an eternal-everlasting creature, it would not have to bother itself with nutrition in order to extend its existence. Everlasting human beings might appear similar to us, but their mental life and patterns of behavior would most likely be very different from ours.

The distinction between eternity as timelessness and eternity as everlastingness goes back to ancient philosophy, to the works of Plato and Aristotle, and even to the fragments of Parmenides' philosophical poem. In the twentieth century, it seemed to go out of favor, though one could consider as eternalists those proponents of realism in philosophy of mathematics, and those of timeless propositions in philosophy of language (i.e., propositions that are said to exist independently of the uttered sentences that convey their thought-content). However, recent developments in contemporary physics and its philosophy have provided an impetus to revive notions of eternity due to the view that time and duration might have no place in the most fundamental ontology.

The importance of eternity is not limited to strictly philosophical discussions. It is a notion that also has an important role in traditional Biblical interpretation. The Tetragrammaton, the Hebrew name of God considered to be most sacred, is derived from the Hebrew verb for being, and as a result has been traditionally interpreted as denoting eternal existence (in either one of the two senses of eternity). Hence, Calvin translates the Tetragrammaton as 'l'Eternel', and Mendelssohn as 'das ewige Wesen' or 'der Ewige'. Eternity also plays a central role in contemporary South American fiction, especially in the works of J.L. Borges. The representation of eternity poses a major challenge to both literature and arts (just think about the difficulty of representing eternity in music, a thoroughly temporal art). The current volume aims at providing a history of the philosophy of eternity surrounded by a series of short essays, or reflections, on the role of eternity and its representation in literature, religion, language, liturgy, science, and music. Thus, our aim is to provide a history of philosophy as a discipline that is in constant commerce with various other domains of human inquisition and exploration.

Author Biography

Yitzhak Y. Melamed is a Professor of Philosophy at Johns Hopkins University. He is the author of Spinoza's Metaphysics (OUP, 2013), and editor/co-editor of Spinoza's Theological Political Treatise: A Critical Guide (2011), Spinoza and German Idealism (2012), and The Young Spinoza (OUP, 2015).

Table of Contents

Contributors
Series Editor's Forward

Introduction Yitzhak Y. Melamed

1 Eternity in Ancient Philosophy James Wilberding
Reflection: Eternity in the Astrology of Vettius Valens Dorian Gieseler Greenbaum
Reflection: Eternity and World Cycles Godefroid De Callatay
Reflection: The Eternality of Language in India Andrew Ollett

2 Eternity in Medieval Philosophy Peter Adamson
Reflection: The Daharia Hinrich Bisterfeldt
Reflection: Eternity and the Trinity Christophe Erismann

3 Eternity in Early Modern Philosophy Yitzhak Y. Melamed
Reflection: Dante and Eternity Akash Kumar
Reflection: Perpetuum mobile Marius Stan

4 Eternity in Kant and Post-Kantian European Thought Alistair Welchman
Reflection: Eternity in the Fruehromantiker Judith Norman
Reflection: Eternity in Hassidism Ariel Evan Mayse
Reflection:"White Eternity" in the Poetry of Mahmud Darwish Abed Azzam

5 Eternity In Twentieth Century Analytic Philosophy Kris McDaniel
Reflection: Borges on Eternity William Egginton
Reflection: Eternity in music Walter Frisch
Reflection: The Kaddish, Mourning, and Eternity Abraham P. Socher

Glossary
Bibliography
Index of Names
Index of Concepts