Ethics in Counseling and Psychotherapy Standards, Research, and Emerging Issues

by Welfel, Elizabeth Reynolds

• ISBN13: 9780534628338
• ISBN10: 0534628338
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-11-03
• Publisher: Brooks Cole

Summary

Prepare for practice with ETHICS IN COUNSELING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY! With a ten-step model of ethical decision making, this counseling text prepares you to deal effectively with the complex ethical and legal issues you will confront in practice. Numerous case studies, followed by the author’s analysis of the cases, helps you structure your thinking and apply professional standards to complex cases. Coverage includes ethics, legal research, and the professional literature in major topics in ethics (such as consent, confidentiality, and multiple relationships) and in applied settings (such as community mental health, private practice, schools, and teaching/research).

Author Biography

Elizabeth Reynolds Welfel is professor and director of the doctoral programs in counseling at Cleveland State University.

Table of Contents

PART ONE A Framework for Understanding Professional Ethical Standards	1	(44)
Introduction to Professional Ethics: A Psychology and Philosophy for Ethical Standards	3	(17)
Literature from Developmental Psychology	4	(1)
Components of Moral Behavior	5	(3)
Codes of Ethics	8	(3)
Literature from Philosophy	11	(2)
Research on Professional Ethics	13	(1)
The Scope of Unethical Practice	13	(3)
The Impact of Unethical Practice	16	(1)
Ethics and the Law	17	(3)
Summary	18	(1)
Discussion Questions	19	(1)
Recommended Readings	19	(1)
A Model for Ethical Decision Making: Using Resources to Enhance Individual Judgment	20	(25)
Forms of Ethical Reasoning	20	(2)
A Model of Ethical Decision Making	22	(23)
Summary	42	(1)
Discussion Questions	43	(1)
Case for Discussion	43	(1)
Recommended Readings	43	(2)
PART TWO Major Ethical Issues for Counselors	45	(192)
Competence to Practice: Building a Foundation for Doing Good and Avoiding Harm	47	(18)
Components of Professional Competence	47	(3)
Competence as Performance, Not Capacity	50	(1)
Professional Standards for Practice	50	(2)
The Relationship Between Competence and Professional Credentials	52	(1)
Challenges in Defining the Limits of Competence	53	(1)
Limits of Competence with New Populations of Clients	54	(1)
Limits of Competence in Rural Environments	55	(1)
Additional Criteria for Evaluating Competence	56	(1)
The Limits of Competence: Case Examples	56	(2)
Distress, Burnout, and Impairment Among Professionals	58	(4)
Legal Ramifications of Incompetent Practice	62	(3)
Summary	63	(1)
Discussion Questions	64	(1)
Case for Discussion	64	(1)
Recommended Readings	64	(1)
Confidentiality: Supporting the Client's Right to Privacy	65	(38)
Ethical Principles and Virtues Underlying Confidentiality	67	(1)
Codes of Ethics	67	(2)
Confidentiality and Communication with Other Mental Health Professionals	69	(1)
Confidentiality and Communication with Significant Others of the Professional	70	(2)
Confidentiality and Privileged Communication	72	(2)
The Limits of Confidentiality	74	(15)
Confidentiality with Special Populations	89	(5)
Emerging Challenges to Confidentiality: Managed Care and Technology	94	(9)
Summary	97	(1)
Case for Analysis Using the 10-Step Model	98	(3)
Discussion Questions	101	(1)
Cases for Discussion	102	(1)
Recommended Readings	102	(1)
Informed Consent: Affirming the Client's Freedom of Choice	103	(20)
The History of Informed Consent	104	(1)
Underlying Ethical Principles	105	(1)
Codes of Ethics on Informed Consent	106	(3)
Informed Consent and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act	109	(1)
Approaches to Informed Consent	110	(3)
The Interplay of Ethical and Clinical Considerations	113	(1)
Applications to Special Populations	114	(5)
Research Findings on Informed Consent	119	(1)
Cases for Discussion	120	(3)
Summary	121	(1)
Discussion Questions	122	(1)
Recommended Readings	122	(1)
Sexual Misconduct: Violations of Power and Trust	123	(26)
Rationale for the Prohibition	124	(1)
Factors That Affect Client Vulnerability to Exploitation	125	(3)
Effects on the Counselor	128	(1)
Effects on the Reputation of the Profession	129	(1)
Research on the Scope of the Problem	130	(1)
Sexual Contact with Former Clients: A Controversial Issue	131	(5)
Sexual Contact in Educational, Consultation, and Employment Settings	136	(3)
Distinguishing Between Sexual Feelings and Sexual Misconduct	139	(2)
The Place of Nonerotic Touch in This Context	141	(2)
Providing Effective Subsequent Therapy for Victims	143	(1)
Cases Reexamined	144	(5)
Discussion Cases	146	(1)
Summary	147	(1)
Discussion Questions	147	(1)
Recommended Readings	148	(1)
Multiple Relationships and Boundary Issues: Risking Objectivity and Client Welfare	149	(26)
Definition of Terms	151	(6)
Underlying Dynamics in Multiple Relationships	157	(3)
The Views of Ethics Scholars	160	(1)
Questions to Consider in Decision Making	161	(1)
Research Findings: Practitioners' and Consumers' Views	162	(1)
Accepting Gifts from Clients	163	(2)
Multiple Relationships and Rural or Small Community Practice	165	(3)
The Ethics of Barter	168	(2)
Cases Reexamined	170	(5)
Summary	172	(1)
Cases for Discussion	173	(1)
Discussion Questions	173	(1)
Recommended Readings	174	(1)
Group and Family Counseling: Unique Ethical Responsibilities	175	(21)
Group Counseling and Psychotherapy	176	(1)
Competence and Group Counseling	177	(1)
Informed Consent in Group Counseling	178	(1)
Confidentiality and Privilege in Group Counseling	179	(2)
The Ethics of Group Counseling with Minors and in the Schools	181	(1)
The Ethics of Multiple Relationships in Group Counseling	182	(1)
The Ethics of Concurrent Individual and Group Counseling	182	(1)
The Ethics of Involuntary Group Participation	183	(1)
Ethical Issues in Multicultural Groups	184	(1)
Family and Couples Counseling	185	(7)
Legal Issues in Family Counseling	192	(4)
Summary	194	(1)
Case for Discussion	194	(1)
Discussion Questions	195	(1)
Recommended Readings	195	(1)
The Ethics of Assessment: Using Fair Procedures in Responsible Ways	196	(26)
The Ethics of Diagnosis	196	(1)
A Rationale for Emphasizing Ethics in Diagnosis	197	(5)
The Ethics of Testing	202	(13)
Multicultural Issues in Psychological Testing	215	(2)
Tests in Employment Settings	217	(1)
Cases for Discussion	218	(1)
Analysis of the Cases	219	(3)
Summary	220	(1)
Additional Cases for Discussion	221	(1)
Discussion Questions	221	(1)
Recommended Readings	221	(1)
Ethical Counseling in a Multicultural Society: The Promise of Justice	222	(15)
The Language of Multicultural Counseling	223	(1)
The Context of the Current Ethical Standards	224	(1)
The Codes of Ethics on Multicultural Counseling	224	(1)
Promoting Client Welfare	225	(1)
Competence with Multicultural Populations	226	(2)
A Critique of the Current Ethics Codes	228	(1)
Cautions About a Multicultural Perspective	229	(1)
Cases for Discussion and Analysis	230	(2)
Multicultural Counseling Competencies	232	(5)
Summary	234	(1)
Discussion Questions	234	(1)
Recommended Readings	235	(2)
PART THREE Ethical Issues in Special Settings	237	(96)
Ethics in Community, Consulting, and Forensic Settings: Avoiding Conflicts of Interest	239	(32)
Responsibilities to Clients	239	(14)
Responsibilities to Colleagues	253	(3)
Responsibilities to Third Parties	256	(5)
The Ethics of Consultation and Coaching	261	(4)
The Ethics of Forensic Activities	265	(6)
Summary	268	(1)
Cases for Discussion	269	(1)
Discussion Questions	270	(1)
Recommended Readings	270	(1)
The Counselor in the Schools: Applying Professional Standards to the Educational Culture	271	(22)
Clash of Cultures: Open vs. Closed Communication Systems	271	(5)
Privilege for School Counselors	276	(1)
Parental and Community Values That Diverge from Professional Values	277	(2)
The Ethics of Peer Helping Programs	279	(2)
Legal Issues for School Counselors: State and Federal Statutes	281	(2)
Liability for School Counselors: An Emerging Reality	283	(1)
Liability for Student Suicides	284	(2)
Ethical and Legal Dimensions of School Violence and Sexual Harassment	286	(2)
Ethical Issues in Postsecondary Planning	288	(2)
Ethics of Group Counseling in Schools	290	(3)
Summary	290	(1)
Cases for Discussion	291	(1)
Discussion Questions	292	(1)
Recommended Readings	292	(1)
The Ethics of Supervision: Modeling Responsible Behavior	293	(19)
Competence to Supervise	294	(2)
Responsible Use of Supervisory Power	296	(3)
Informed Consent to Supervision	299	(2)
Sensitivity to Issues of Diversity	301	(1)
Other Personal Values and Beliefs	301	(2)
Responsibilities for Client Welfare	303	(2)
Boundary Violations in Supervision	305	(3)
Legal Aspects of Supervision	308	(2)
Relations with Third-Party Payors	310	(2)
Summary	310	(1)
Cases for Discussion	310	(1)
Discussion Questions	311	(1)
Recommended Readings	311	(1)
Counselors as Teachers and Researchers: Integrity, Science, and Care	312	(21)
The Ethics of Teaching	312	(11)
An Ethics of Care	323	(1)
Obligations to Colleagues	324	(1)
The Ethics of Research	324	(6)
Special Ethical Concerns for Counseling and Therapy Researchers	330	(3)
Summary	331	(1)
Cases for Discussion	331	(1)
Discussion Questions	332	(1)
Recommended Readings	332	(1)
PART FOUR When Prevention Fails: Ethical Responses to Unethical Behavior	333	(20)
Responsibilities for Self and Colleagues: Reporting, Recovery, and Rehabilitation of Misconduct	335	(18)
Accountability of Counselors and Therapists	336	(6)
Supporting the Client Through the Complaint Process	342	(1)
Responding If an Ethics Complaint Is Filed Against You	343	(1)
Self-Monitoring: Taking Responsibility in the Absence of a Complaint	344	(2)
Assessing and Responding to the Damage	346	(1)
Rehabilitating the Professional	347	(1)
Compassion and Empathy	348	(5)
Cases for Discussion	348	(2)
Summary	350	(1)
Discussion Questions	350	(1)
Recommended Readings	351	(2)
References	353	(30)
Appendix A American Counseling Association, Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice	383	(24)
Appendix B American Psychological Association, Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct	407	(16)
Appendix C List of Specialized Ethics Codes and Guidelines in Mental Health Disciplines	423	(2)
Author Index	425	(14)
Subject Index	439