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The Study of Ethics | |
Ethics: An Overview | |
What is Ethics? | |
Normative and Theoretical Ethics | |
Philosophy and the Search for Wisdom | |
Reading: Plato, "Allegory of the Cave" | |
Metaphysics and the Study of Human Nature | |
Moral Knowledge: Can Moral Beliefs Be True? | |
Reading: A.J. Ayer, "Emotivism" | |
Moral Reasoning | |
The Three Levels of Thinking | |
Moral Analysis, Praxis, and Paradigm Shifts | |
Overcoming Resistance | |
Reading: 1984 by George Orwell | |
Recognizing and Constructing Moral Arguments | |
Avoiding Logical Fallacies | |
Resolving Moral Dilemmas | |
Reading: Mary Midgley, Can't We Make Moral Judgments? | |
A Final Word | |
Ethical Relativism | |
Chapter 3 | |
What is Ethical Subjectivism? | |
What Ethical Subjectivism Is Not | |
Reading: Stephen A. Satris, "Student Relativism" | |
The Roots of Ethical Subjectivism in Romantic Sentimentalism | |
Reading: Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Emile | |
The Kitty Genovese Syndrome | |
Critique of Ethical Subjectivism | |
Cultural Relativism: Is Morality Dependent on Culture? | |
What is Cultural Relativism? | |
Distinguishing Between Cultural and Sociological Relativism | |
Social Darwinian Ethics: The Concept of Moral Progress | |
Ruth Benedict: Cultural Relativism as a Protest Against Social Darwinism | |
Reading: Ruth Benedict, "Anthropology and the Abnormal" | |
Cultural Relativism and the Moral Community | |
Reading: "We Are All Related" by Eagle Man | |
Cultural Relativism, Cross-Cultural Criticism, and Moral Progress | |
The Holocaust and Disillusionment with Cultural Relativism | |
Critique of Cultural Relativism | |
Beyond Ethical Relativism | |
Is Morality Grounded in Religion? | |
Religion and Morality | |
The Divine Command Theory | |
Reading: "Euthyphro" by Plato | |
Natural Law Theory | |
Reading: Thomas Aquinas, The Summa Theologica | |
Critique of Divine Command Theory | |
Critique of Natural Law Theory | |
Religion, Natural Law Theory, and Civil Disobedience | |
Civil Religion and Cultural Relativism | |
Religion and the Moral Community | |
God and the Problem of Evil | |
Does Morality Need Religion? | |
Conscience and Moral Development | |
Ethics and the Study of Human Development | |
Conscience: Culturally Relative or Universal? | |
The Affective and Cognitive Sides of the Conscience | |
Lawrence Kohlberg: The Stage Theory of Moral Development | |
Reading: Lawrence Kohlberg, The Philosophy of Moral Development | |
Carol Gilligan: The Care Perspective | |
Reading: Carol Gilligan, In a Different Voice | |
James Rest: The Four Components of Moral Behavior | |
Moral Maturity: Moving Beyond Ethical Relativism | |
Morality as Universal | |
Ethical Egoism: Morality Is Acting in Our Best Self-Interest | |
What is Ethical Egoism? | |
Reading: Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan | |
Psychological Egoism | |
Ayn Rand: Objectivist Ethics and Rational Egoism | |
Reading: Ayn Rand, The Fountainhead | |
Ethical Egoism and Laissez-Faire Capitalism | |
Ethical Egoism and the Moral Community | |
Self-Interest and Happiness | |
Critique of Ethical Egoism | |
Utilitarianism: The Greatest Happiness Principle | |
Utilitarianism and the Principle of Utility | |
Mo Tzu: Utilitarianism as Universal Love | |
Jeremy Bentham: Utilitarianism and Social Reform | |
Reading: Jeremy Bentham, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation | |
John Stuart Mill: Reformulation of Utilitarianism | |
Reading: John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism | |
Utilitarianism and the Moral Community | |
Euthanasia and the Principle of Utility: Is Death Always Harm? | |
Critique of Utilitarianism | |
Deontology: The Ethics of Duty | |
Deontology and Duty | |
Confucius: Duty and the Community | |
Reading: Arthur Waley, trans., The Analects of Confucius | |
Immanuel Kant: The Categorical Imperative | |
READING: Immanuel Kant, Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Ethics | |
The Good Will and Proper Self-Esteem | |
Sissela Bok: Is the Duty Not to Lie Absolute? | |
W.D. Ross: Prima Facie Deontology | |
The Duty of Justice | |
Critique of Deontology | |
Rights Ethics: The Other Side of Deontology | |
The Emergence of Rights Ethics in Modern Society | |
Reading: United Nations, "The Universal Declaration of Human Rights" | |
Natural Rights Ethics | |
Reading: John Locke, Two Treatises of Civil Government | |
The Marxist Critique of Natural Rights Ethics | |
Rights and Duties | |
Liberty (Negative) Rights and Welfare (Positive) Rights | |
Rights and the Moral Community | |
Critique of Rights Ethics | |
Virtue Ethics and the Good Life | |
Virtue Ethics and Character | |
Aristotle: Reason and Virtue | |
Reading: Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics | |
Confucius and Aristotle: The Doctrine of the Mean | |
David Hume: Sentiment and Virtue | |
Nel Noddings: Feminist Care Ethics | |
Nel Noddings, Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education | |
Is Virtue Relative to Culture, Social Status, and Gender? | |
The Unity of Virtue | |
Virtue and Moral Education | |
Critique of Virtue Ethics | |
Afterward | |
Glossary | |
Notes | |
Photo and Illustration Credits | |
Index | |
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
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