The Ethnography of Communication An Introduction

by Saville-Troike, Muriel

• ISBN13: 9780631228417
• ISBN10: 0631228411
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-12-20
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

The Ethnography of Communication presents the terms and concepts which are essential for discussing how and why language is used and how its use varies in different cultures. Presents the essential terms and concepts introduced and developed by Dell Hymes and others and surveys the most important findings and applications of their work. Draws on insights from social anthropology and psycholinguistics in investigating the patterning of communicative behavior in specific cultural settings. Includes two completely new chapters on contrasts in patterns of communication and on politeness, power, and politics. Incorporates a broad range of examples and illustrations from many languages and cultures for analyzing patterns of communicative phenomena.

Author Biography

Muriel Saville-Troike is Professor in the Department of English at the University of Arizona. She is author of Bilingual Children (1975), Foundations for Teaching English as a Second Language (1976), A Guide to Culture in the Classroom (1978), and co-editor of Perspectives on Silence (with Deborah Tannen, 1985).

Table of Contents

Preface	viii
Introduction	1	(9)
Scope and Focus	2	(1)
Method	3	(1)
Historical Background	4	(2)
Significance	6	(2)
Organization of the Book	8	(2)
Basic Terms, Concepts, and Issues	10	(31)
Patterns of Communication	10	(2)
Communicative Functions	12	(2)
Speech Community	14	(4)
Communicative Competence	18	(4)
The Competence of Incompetence	22	(1)
Units of Analysis	23	(3)
Categories of Talk	26	(1)
Language and Culture	27	(3)
Social Structure and Ideology	30	(5)
Routines and Rituals	35	(3)
Universals and Inequalities	38	(3)
Varieties of Language	41	(47)
Language Choice	42	(3)
Diglossia and Dinomia	45	(3)
Code-Switching and Style-Shifting	48	(11)
Code-Markers	59	(3)
Varieties Associated with Setting	62	(1)
Varieties Associated with Activity Domain	63	(5)
Varieties Associated with Region	68	(2)
Varieties Associated with Ethnicity	70	(2)
Varieties Associated with Social Class, Status, and Role	72	(3)
Varieties Associated with Role-Relationships	75	(2)
Varieties Associated with Sex	77	(4)
Varieties Associated with Age	81	(3)
Varieties Associated with Personality States and ``Abnormal'' Speech	84	(2)
Non-Native Varieties	86	(2)
The Analysis of Communicative Events	88	(56)
Relationship of Ethnographer and Speech Community	88	(4)
Types of Data	92	(3)
Survey of Data Collection and Analytic Procedures	95	(13)
Identification of Communicative Events	108	(2)
Components of Communication	110	(14)
Relationship among Components	124	(1)
Elicitation within a Frame	125	(1)
Analysis of Interaction	126	(2)
Sample Analyses of Communicative Events	128	(13)
Further Illustrations of Ethnographic Analysis	141	(3)
Contrasts in Patterns of Communication	144	(39)
Comparative Rhetoric	144	(2)
Historical Development	146	(2)
Ethnographic Perspective	148	(3)
Establishing Validity	151	(2)
Situated Event Analysis	153	(5)
Other Data Collection and Analytic Procedures	158	(10)
Cross-Cultural Communication	168	(2)
Concepts of ``Face''	170	(1)
Constructing an Unseen Face	171	(12)
Attitudes toward Communicative Performance	183	(31)
Methodology	184	(1)
Attitudes toward Language and Language Skills	185	(3)
Attitudes toward Languages and Varieties	188	(5)
Stereotyping	193	(2)
Appropriateness	195	(3)
Language and Identity	198	(3)
Language Maintenance, Shift, and Spread	201	(9)
Taboos and Euphemisms	210	(4)
Acquisition of Communicative Competence	214	(36)
Early Linguistic Environment	215	(3)
Social Interaction	218	(4)
Language and Enculturation	222	(4)
Definition of Stages and Roles	226	(4)
Communicative Strategies	230	(1)
Formulaic Expressions	231	(1)
Nonverbal Communication	232	(2)
Peer Influence and Extended Acquisition	234	(4)
Speech Play	238	(5)
Formal Education	243	(3)
Multilingual Contexts	246	(2)
Children's Beliefs about Language	248	(2)
Politeness, Power, and Politics	250	(31)
Language and Politics	251	(2)
Language and Social Theories	253	(2)
Linguistic Signs of Power	255	(5)
Linguistic Performances of Power	260	(12)
Linguistic Resistance and Rebellion	272	(3)
Language Planning	275	(1)
Responsibilities and Limitations	276	(5)
Conclusion	281	(4)
References	285	(32)
Index of Languages	317	(4)
General Index	321