E-Transformation

by Hanna, Nagy K.

• ISBN13: 9781441911841
• ISBN10: 1441911847
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-11-16
• Publisher: Springer Nature

Summary

Could information and communication technology (ICT) become the transformative tool for a new style of global development? Could ICT promote knowledge-based, innovation-driven, and smart, adaptive, participatory development? The ability to harness Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) is increasingly at the heart of national competitiveness and sustainable development. As countries seek a way out of the present period of economic contraction, they are trying to weave ICT into their development strategies, in the same way enterprises have learned to use ICT to transform their business models and strategies. This integration offers a new path to development that is responsive to the challenges of our times.In e-Transformation, Nagy Hanna identifies the key ingredients for the strategic integration of ICT into national development, with examples from many countries around the world. He draws on his rich experience of over 35 years at the World Bank and other aid agencies in over 40 countries as an ICT policy expert to outline the strategic options involved in using ICT to maximize developmental impact'”transforming government institutions and public services, networking businesses for innovation and competitiveness, and empowering communities for social inclusion and poverty reduction. He identifies the key interdependencies in e-transformation and offers a holistic framework to tap network effects and synergies across all elements of the process, including leadership, cyber policies, institutions, human resources, technological competencies, information infrastructure, and ICT uses for government, business, and society.Integrating analytical insights and practical applications across the fields of economic development, public administration, entrepreneurship, and technology management, the author candidly argues that e-transformation, like all bold ideas, faces many implementation challenges. Many developing countries have experienced significant aspiration-reality gap. This gap needs to be understood and systematically addressed, if ICT-enabled innovation and transformation is to become a development practice. E-transformation is not primarily about developing detailed planning documentsor conducting exhaustive analyses of e-readiness. It is first and foremost about thinkingstrategically and creatively about the fundamental options made possible by theinformation technology revolution in the context of globalization. The author providestools and best practices about nurturing innovation, selecting entry points, prioritizingamong competing demands, and sequencing and scaling up, and outlines the roles of all participants'”political, managerial, entrepreneurial, social and technical'”whose leadership is essential for successful innovation.

Table of Contents

Introduction	p. 1
Disconnects and Their Implications	p. 3
Missing a Techno-economic Paradigm Shift?	p. 5
Responses to the Emerging Transformation Challenge	p. 6
A Development Paradigm for the ICT Revolution	p. 8
Building on Emerging Lessons of Development	p. 9
A Networked, Knowledge-Based Economy	p. 13
Innovation Systems, Innovative Clusters, and ICT	p. 14
Integrating ICT into Development Strategy	p. 16
e-Development as a Process	p. 17
Thinking Strategically About ICT-Enabled Development	p. 20
Thinking Creatively About ICT-Enabled Transformation	p. 21
A Process of Self-Discovery	p. 22
Structure	p. 23
Themes	p. 25
Why an e-Transformation Strategy?
Promises and Implications of the Revolution	p. 29
Promises of the ICT Revolution	p. 30
Early Phase of a Technological Revolution	p. 31
Early Phase of a Productivity Revolution	p. 33
A Techno-economic Paradigm	p. 35
Pervasive and Increasing Impact	p. 37
Impact on Organizations and Markets	p. 38
Competitive Strategies	p. 41
Innovation	p. 43
Financial Services	p. 47
Employment	p. 49
Media and Cultural Development	p. 50
Regional and Urban Development	p. 52
Intelligent Infrastructures and Global Supply Chains	p. 56
Energy and Environment	p. 59
Governance and Participatory Democracy	p. 61
Education and Health	p. 63
Poverty Reduction	p. 68
Managing Risks	p. 70
Wasting Scarce Development Resources	p. 70
Exacerbating Inequalities	p. 71
Reinforcing Existing Power Structures and Hierarchies	p. 73
Controlling, Not Empowering	p. 74
Polluting, Not Greening	p. 75
Productivity, Growth, and Technological Determinism	p. 75
Options for ICT-Enabled Development	p. 79
Three Fundamental Roles	p. 80
Three Strategic Options for Development	p. 81
Promoting the ICT Industries	p. 82
Deploying ICT to Transform User Industries and Services	p. 87
Leveraging ICT as a Communication and Delivery Infrastructure	p. 88
Balancing and Matching Options to Countries	p. 91
Roles of a National e-Development Strategy	p. 92
Harnessing ICT for Growth and Poverty Reduction	p. 93
Raising Awareness and Building Coalitions	p. 94
Clarifying Roles and Responsibilities	p. 95
Focusing and Prioritizing	p. 95
Mobilizing and Complementing Market Forces	p. 96
Scaling Up	p. 96
Leveraging the Local ICT Industry	p. 96
Reforming the National Innovation System	p. 98
Conclusions	p. 98
Designing e-Development Strategies
Holistic e-Development	p. 103
Elements of e-Development	p. 103
Role of an Integrative Framework	p. 105
Underlying Cluster for the Knowledge Economy	p. 106
Taking Account of Synergies and Economies of Scale	p. 107
Integrating ICT into Broader Development Strategies	p. 109
e-Development as a Techno-economic Paradigm	p. 113
e-Development as a Shaping Strategy	p. 115
e-Development at the City and Regional Levels	p. 116
A Vision of e-Transformation	p. 119
Institutionalize Stakeholder Engagement	p. 120
Case: Korea's Informatization: Successive Visions and Stakeholder Engagement	p. 121
Articulate ICT Options for National Development	p. 124
Assess and Benchmark	p. 130
Focus and Prioritize	p. 132
Building Foresight Capabilities	p. 134
Policies and Institutions for a Knowledge Economy	p. 137
Introduction	p. 137
Policy, Legal, and Regulatory Framework	p. 138
A Multi-layered Enabling Environment	p. 139
Improving the Policy-Making Process	p. 142
Institutional Framework	p. 144
Strategic Issues in Designing e-Development Institutions	p. 144
Institutional Options for Integrating ICT into Development	p. 146
Shared Responsibility Model	p. 146
Crosscutting Core Ministry Model	p. 147
Lead Ministry Model	p. 147
Designated e-Development Agency Model	p. 148
Trends in e-Development Institutions	p. 152
Lessons of Experience in. Designing Institutions	p. 155
Mobilizing Demand for e-Leadership Institutions	p. 157
e-Leadership Institutions at Local Levels	p. 158
Human Resources for a Learning Society	p. 161
e-Literacy: Public Awareness and User Skills	p. 162
e-Leadership: ICT Policy and Strategy Leadership	p. 163
ICT Professionals: Education and Training	p. 166
Public-Private Collaboration in Talent Development	p. 167
Instruments for Talent Development	p. 168
Leveraging the Diaspora	p. 171
e-Education: Leveraging ICT in Education and Learning	p. 172
e-Learning and Lifelong Learning	p. 175
Youth and ICT	p. 178
A Holistic View of Human Resources	p. 179
ICT Sector for the Innovation Economy	p. 183
ICT as a Dynamic Sector	p. 184
Should New Industrial Policies Be Adopted?	p. 185
Potential of the Services Offshoring Revolution	p. 187
Entry Strategies to Global Markets	p. 190
No One-Size-Fits-All Export Strategy	p. 192
What About the Domestic Market?	p. 194
Digital Content and the Media Industry	p. 197
Developing the ICT Industry Ecosystem	p. 199
Responses to IT Sector Development Challenges	p. 201
Promotion Funds	p. 203
Incubators: Roles and Models	p. 204
Parks and Clusters	p. 206
Telecenters for Outsourcing	p. 209
Emerging Lessons for Developing Technology Parks	p. 209
Management, Private Sector Participation, and Financing	p. 210
Marketing, Recruitment, and Product-Service Mix	p. 210
Linkages and Partnerships	p. 211
Physical, Communication, and Social Infrastructures	p. 211
Finance and Business Support Services	p. 212
Enabling National Policies and Strategies	p. 212
ICT Competencies as Enabler for Broad-Based Development	p. 214
Dynamic Information Infrastructure	p. 217
Principles to Extend Communications Services	p. 218
Technological Changes and the Next Generation Network	p. 220
Future-Proof Regulation	p. 224
Telecom Policies for Inclusive Society	p. 226
Telecom Policies for Rural Areas	p. 226
Development of Dedicated Networks	p. 229
Information Infrastructure and e-Development	p. 233
Shared Access for Inclusive Society	p. 235
Socio-economic Context for Telecenters	p. 236
Business Models and Financial Sustainability	p. 237
Mix of Services, Impact, and Sustainability	p. 240
Cost-Effective and Affordable Technologies	p. 243
Capacity Building to Manage Shared Access	p. 244
Collaborating for Community and Shared Services	p. 244
Linking Telecenters to e-Development Ecosystem	p. 245
Designing e-Development Strategies: Usage
Government Transformation: Vision and Journey	p. 251
Imperatives Transforming Government	p. 253
Visions of Future Government	p. 255
Agile, Integrated, Client-Centric Government	p. 256
Transparent, Accountable, Engaged Government	p. 258
Smart, Innovative, Collaborative Government	p. 259
Locally Responsive, Globally Competitive Cities	p. 262
Reform-Based and Objective-Driven Uses of e-Government	p. .262
Improving Efficiency and Resource Management	p. 266
Improving Access and Quality of Public Services	p. 269
Improving Investment Climate and Business Competitiveness	p. 271
Increasing Transparency,' Accountability, and Citizen Participation	p. 273
Improving Policy Making and Knowledge Management	p. 275
The Journey to Transformed Government	p. 276
Government Transformation: Tools and Challenges	p. 281
Approaches to e-Government	p. 281
A Whole of Government Approach	p. 282
Customer-Centric Government	p. 283
Multi-channels for Service Delivery	p. 287
Common Business Processes	p. 289
Balancing Top-Down and Bottom-Up	p. 290
Balancing Sectoral and Cross-sectoral Approaches	p. 292
Public-Private Partnershiph	p. 294
Tools for Leading Government Transformation	p. 296
Analyzing and Mobilizing Stakeholders	p. 296
Managing for Change and Innovation 298
Leading and Organizing to Transform Government	p. 301
Making the Business Case	p. 302
Governing and Managing the Technology	p. 304
Concluding Remarks	p. 305
Reconnecting e-Government to e-Development	p. 307
Enterprise Transformation	p. 311
Understanding e-Business, Diffusion, Drivers, and Barriers	p. 312
e-Business Diffusion in Developing Countries	p. 314
e-Business and Managerial Innovation	p. 315
Designing e-Business Diffusion Programs	p. 319
Information, Training and Consultancy Services for e-Business Adoption	p. 319
Sectoral e-Business Support	p. 320
Shared, Low-Cost, On-demand e-Business Solutions	p. 322
Matching Grants and Cluster Support	p. 323
Government-to-Business: Information, Transaction, Trade and Connectivity	p. 325
Supporting Access to Information, Finance, and Online Business Services	p. 325
Simplifying Government-to-Business Transactions	p. 328
Facilitating Trade	p. 330
Promoting Connectivity for SMEs	p. 333
e-Business and e-Development	p. 337
Empowering Poor Communities	p. 339
Demand-Driven ICT-Enabled Development	p. 340
The Next 4 BillionùA Market Approach	p. 343
Strategies to Serve the Base of the Pyramid	p. 344
The User Innovation Revolution	p. 345
Social Knowledge Creation and Participation	p. 346
Inclusive and Grassroots Innovation	p. 348
Grassroots Innovation Funds	p. 349
Mainstreaming ICT for Poverty Reduction	p. 351
e-Society and e-Development	p. 353
Implementing e-Development Strategies
Managing Implementation and Risks	p. 359
Sources of Vision-Implementation Gap	p. 359
Tailoring e-Development Strategy to Country Conditions	p. 361
Newly industrializing and transitional economies	p. 361
Small and island economies	p. 361
Low-income, large economies	p. 362
Sequencing the Role of Government	p. 363
Developing e-Leadership	p. 365
Multi-level and Multi-skilled Leaders	p. 369
Managing the Risks of Program Implementation	p. 370
Consultative and Participatory e-Transformation	p. 372
Strategic and Flexible Approaches to Funding	p. 374
Managing for Results Through Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning	p. 378
Lessons and Future Directions	p. 383
Integrating ICT as the Enabler of New Development Strategies	p. 384
Adopting a Holistic Approach: Leveraging Synergies and Scale	p. 389
Focusing, Prioritizing, and Managing Portfolios: Pursuing Quick Wins Within Long-Term Perspectives	p. 393
Understanding the Political Economy: Stakeholders, Coalitions, Expectations	p. 395
Addressing Soft Aspects of Transformation: Policies, Institutions, Leadership	p. 398
Building Strategic Partnerships	p. 401
Balancing Strategic Direction with Local Initiative and Innovation	p. 404
Building Local Capabilities for an Adaptive Learning Process	p. 408
Adopting Integrated and Tailored Approaches to Equity	p. 410
Promoting Regional and Global Collaboration	p. 413
Issues for Aid Agencies	p. 415
Bibliography	p. 419
Index	p. 433
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