Europe in the Sixteenth Century

by Koenigsberger,H.G.

• ISBN13: 9780582418639
• ISBN10: 0582418631
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 1999-08-31
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

This bestselling, seminal book - a general survey of Europe in the era of 'Rennaisance and Reformation' - was originally published in Denys Hay's famous Series, 'A General History of Europe'. It looks at sixteenth-century Europe as a complex but interconnected whole, rather than as a mosaic of separate states. The authors explore its different aspects through the various political structures of the age - empires, monarchies, city-republics - and how they functioned and related to one another. A strength of the book remains the space it devotes to the growing importance of town-life in the sixteenth century, and to the economic background of political change.

Table of Contents

List of Genealogical Charts	x
List of Maps	xi
List of Figures	xii
Preface to the Second Edition	xiii
Introduction	1	(10)
The Sources	11	(17)
Increase of source material	11	(1)
published papers: government and diplomatic	12	(3)
published papers: political and administrative	15	(2)
the changing nature of sources	17	(1)
sources for economic history	18	(1)
the Reformation	19	(1)
bibliographical guides	20	(1)
popular culture and humanism	21	(1)
the writings of Protestant reformers	22	(2)
The radicals	24	(1)
the Catholic Reformation	25	(1)
contemporary histories	25	(3)
Economic Life	28	(37)
Rural society in Europe in 1500	28	(1)
the rise in prices	29	(3)
American treasure and inflation	32	(1)
population growth	33	(1)
population in towns	34	(2)
population pressure on land	36	(1)
wool prices and sheep farming	37	(2)
manufacturing and building industries	39	(2)
wages and prices	41	(2)
social consequences of rising prices	43	(1)
social consequences of rising prices: the Continent	44	(5)
rural society cast of the Elbe	49	(1)
international trade	50	(2)
effects of overseas discoveries	52	(2)
Antwerp	54	(4)
bankers and governments	58	(1)
was there a world economy in the sixteenth century?	59	(6)
Social Life	65	(26)
Parish registers and demography	65	(2)
the family	67	(1)
marriage	67	(1)
childbirth	68	(1)
sexual attitudes	69	(2)
family hierarchy	71	(1)
the role of women	72	(2)
public festivals	74	(2)
education	76	(2)
education and the Reformation	78	(2)
literacy	80	(1)
court society	81	(1)
court festivals	82	(2)
war and society	84	(3)
diseases, plagues and hospitals	87	(1)
attitudes towards death	88	(3)
Towns and Cities	91	(36)
The social and political structure of towns	91	(3)
the contado	94	(2)
republicanism	96	(3)
vulnerability of city states: Florence	99	(2)
the end of the Florentine Republic, Guicciardini	101	(2)
Venice	103	(3)
Lubeck	106	(2)
the south German cities	108	(1)
the cities in the Netherlands and in France	109	(1)
Castile and the revolt of the comuneros	110	(2)
the towns in eastern Europe	112	(1)
the social composition of town councils	113	(1)
four types of successful cities	114	(1)
Paris	115	(2)
Rome	117	(1)
importance of an urban nobility	118	(1)
fortifications and town planning	119	(8)
Christianity, Popular Culture and Humanism	127	(33)
The tenor of life	127	(1)
religious sensibilities	128	(2)
popular piety and prophecy	130	(2)
the Jews	132	(3)
witches and necromancers	135	(3)
the Church accused	138	(1)
a `total reformation'	139	(2)
Savonarola	141	(2)
the quest for religious safeguards	143	(2)
sixteenth-century humanism	145	(3)
the `devotio moderna'	148	(1)
Desiderius Erasmus	149	(4)
Thomas More	153	(1)
the humanists and the Church	154	(1)
Niccolo Machiavelli	155	(2)
the `Mirrors for Princes'	157	(3)
The Reformation	160	(22)
Martin Luther	161	(2)
justification by faith	163	(1)
the Church	164	(2)
friends and followers	166	(2)
the radicals	168	(2)
the peasants	170	(1)
the Peasants' War	171	(2)
the Munster experiment	173	(1)
Anabaptists and Spiritualists	174	(1)
Luther and worldly authority	175	(3)
culture and community	178	(4)
A Continued Reformation	182	(25)
The `magisterial' reformation	182	(1)
Huldreych Zwingli	183	(1)
methods of reform	183	(2)
moral discipline	185	(2)
The establishment of the `reformed' faith	187	(1)
Martin Bucer	188	(2)
John Calvin	190	(1)
French humanism and ecclesiastical reform	191	(2)
Calvin as reformer	193	(4)
Calvin's political thought	197	(1)
Calvin's Geneva	198	(3)
ecclesiastical discipline	201	(2)
Calvin's social thought	203	(1)
the impact of Calvinism	204	(3)
The Catholic Reformation	207	(22)
The need for reform	207	(3)
the Jesuit Order	210	(4)
popes and reform	214	(3)
the Council of Trent	217	(5)
popular piety	222	(3)
religion and the state	225	(4)
Empires	229	(37)
Three empires with universalist claims in the first half of the sixteenth century	229	(1)
the empire of Charles V in Europe	230	(2)
Charles V, Luther and the papacy	232	(1)
Habsburg succession in Hungary and Bohemia	233	(1)
the Habsburg--Valois rivalry	233	(2)
different conceptions of empire	235	(3)
continuing war with France and the Turks	238	(1)
the problems of Germany and the imperial succession	239	(2)
Charles V's abdication	241	(1)
the Ottoman empire	242	(2)
limits of the Ottoman empire	244	(1)
the `devshirmc'	245	(1)
weaknesses of the Turkish system	246	(3)
Moscow, the third Rome	249	(1)
the tsars	249	(2)
Ivan IV's conquests	251	(1)
the defeat of the boyars	252	(1)
social and political results of Ivan IV's reign	253	(1)
Russian imperialism	254	(1)
the Portuguese overseas empire and its justification	255	(2)
race relations in the Portuguese empire	257	(1)
the Spanish overseas empire and its justification	257	(2)
the treatment of the American Indians: Bartolome de las Casas	259	(2)
the New World in the Old	261	(5)
The Monarchies	266	(34)
Nationalism in the sixteenth century	266	(2)
loyalties, motives and aims in European politics	268	(2)
dynastic policies and the nobility	270	(2)
the unions of crowns	272	(1)
Gustavus Vasa	273	(1)
Poland-Lithuania	274	(2)
the monarchies of western Europe	276	(1)
relations between Church and State	277	(1)
the problems of finance	278	(1)
the sale of offices; loans	279	(1)
taxation: Spain	280	(2)
taxation: France	282	(1)
administration	283	(2)
the personnel of government	285	(1)
salaries, profits, patronage and corruption	286	(3)
State and Church in England	289	(1)
Wolsey and Cromwell	290	(3)
The Henrician settlement	293	(1)
Edward VI and the Church	293	(2)
the Catholic Restoration	295	(5)
Western Europe in the Age of Philip II	300	(31)
The Peace of Cateau--Cambresis	300	(2)
the spread of Calvinism	302	(1)
the problems of minority and female successions	303	(1)
the Huguenots: Conde and Coligny	304	(2)
Catherine de Medici: the French civil wars	306	(1)
the Massacre of St Bartholomew	307	(2)
Philip II in Spain: the Morisco problem	309	(2)
the crisis in the Netherlands	311	(3)
Alva in the Netherlands	314	(1)
The Revolt of Holland and Zeeland: William of Orange	315	(1)
the pacification of Ghent	316	(2)
the unions of Arras and Utrecht	318	(1)
Spain takes the offensive: Portugal	318	(1)
Henry III and the League	319	(1)
English intervention in the Netherlands	320	(2)
the `Enterprise of England'	322	(2)
the problem of a Huguenot Succession to the French Throne	324	(1)
Henry IV and the end of the civil wars in France	325	(1)
the revolutionary parties of the sixteenth century	326	(1)
Spain at war with England, France and the United Provinces	327	(4)
Political Theory and Religious Strife	331	(31)
The spread of the Reformation	331	(1)
theories of resistance in England	332	(2)
theories of resistance in France	334	(1)
the Covenant	335	(1)
Catholic resistance theory	336	(2)
sovereignty and the divine right of kings	338	(3)
Christianity and political action	341	(1)
evolution of radicalism	342	(2)
the logic of Peter Ramus	344	(1)
Italian heretics	345	(2)
the Socinians	347	(1)
Giordano Bruno	347	(1)
orthodoxy and tolerance	348	(3)
the Elizabethan Church	351	(1)
the Puritans	351	(3)
Parliament	354	(2)
Protestant opposition to the Emperor	356	(1)
the rise of scepticism	357	(1)
Neostoicism	358	(4)
Sixteenth-Century Literature	362	(25)
The printing press and literature	362	(2)
poetry in the sixteenth century	364	(1)
the epic	365	(1)
the pastoral	366	(1)
lyric poetry	367	(2)
prose fiction in the sixteenth century	369	(1)
Don Quixote	370	(1)
the picaresque novel	371	(1)
short fiction	371	(1)
Rabelais	372	(1)
drama	373	(3)
the international dimension	376	(2)
popular literature	378	(2)
women in literature	380	(3)
censorship	383	(4)
From Renaissance to Baroque: Art, Music and Science	387	(51)
Art	387	(1)
the art of the High Renaissance in Italy	387	(2)
neoplatonism and art	389	(1)
breakdown of the social and psychological basis of Renaissance art	390	(3)
artistic rebellion and quest for security -- Mannerism	393	(1)
the beginnings of the Baroque	394	(2)
art in Venice	396	(1)
the Renaissance in Germany	397	(2)
the decline of German art	399	(1)
the Netherlands	400	(1)
England: court art and miniatures	401	(1)
French art and the influence of Italy	402	(1)
Spanish art and the Counter-Reformation	403	(1)
Music: the pre-eminence of the Netherlands school of music	404	(2)
music in Italy, development of musical harmony	406	(1)
theories of good and bad music	407	(2)
music and painting in Venice	409	(1)
the invention of opera	409	(2)
Italian music in the Baroque era	411	(1)
music in France	412	(1)
music in England	412	(2)
music in Germany	414	(1)
Science	415	(1)
the world picture in 1500	415	(2)
the contribution of the Renaissance painters	417	(1)
Philosophical and psychological origins of the scientific revolution	418	(1)
the importance of practical problems	419	(2)
classical Greek treatises	421	(1)
Copernicus	422	(1)
Tycho Brahe	423	(2)
Kepler	425	(1)
Platonism and the importance of mathematics	425	(2)
collapse of the medieval world picture	427	(1)
increasing interest in science	428	(1)
the politique spirit and the quest for harmony	429	(2)
Galileo	431	(7)
Appendix: Sixteenth-Century Chronology	438	(28)
Bibliography	466	(25)
Genealogical Charts	491	(12)
Maps	503	(15)
Index	518