European Industrial Policy The Twentieth-Century Experience

by Foreman-Peck, James; Federico, Giovanni

• ISBN13: 9780198289982
• ISBN10: 0198289987
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-10-28
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

The present study aims to contribute to an understanding of European industrial policy by introducing an historical perspective. National policy continuities and the considerable time over which industrial performance responds to changed environments emerge with greater clarity in the long run. The chapters in this book take a broad view of industrial policy, including those policies that establish the 'framework', such as competition law, as well as sector for firm specific policies.

Author Biography

Dr James Foreman-Peck teaches economics and economic history at the University of Oxford and is Fellow of St Antony's College. He has previously been a practicing economist in the electricity supply industry, has taught economics and economic history at the University of California, Davis, and has been a Professor of Economic History at the University of Hull.
Professor Giovanni Federico teaches in the Department of Modern History, University of Pisa. He has previously been a Visiting Fellow of the European University Institute in Florence, and a Research Fellow of the Institute for Historical Research, University of London.

Table of Contents

List of Tables	xiii
List of Figures	xvi
Industrial Policies in Europe: Introduction	1	(17)
Giovanni Federico
James Foreman-Peck
What is Industrial Policy?	2	(4)
The European Industrial Policy Debate	6	(4)
Why do Countries Adopt Industrial Policies?	10	(2)
What do Countries Gain from Industrial Policy?	12	(2)
The Case Study Menu	14	(4)
Britain: From Economic Liberalism to Socialism---And Back?	18	(40)
James Foreman-Peck
Leslie Hannah
The Industrial Policy of Nineteenth-Century Liberalism	20	(9)
Between the Wars: Rationalization and National Security	29	(6)
Post-1945: The Pervasive State	35	(12)
The 1980s: The Return of the Market	47	(5)
Conclusion	52	(6)
France: The Idiosyncrasies of Volontarisme	58	(40)
Jean-Pierre Dormois
The Matrix of Colbertism	58	(1)
Industrial Policy under the Third Republic	59	(14)
Vichy's Plans for Industrial Renovation	73	(2)
Industrial Policy since 1945	75	(1)
Substitution Strategies	75	(7)
Sector-Specific Policies	82	(7)
Influential Tactics	89	(2)
Retreat or Loss of Direction?	91	(7)
Germany: The Invention of Interventionism	98	(26)
Wilfried Feldenkirchen
Changes in the `German Economic Order' since the Late Nineteenth Century	98	(3)
German Concepts of Industrial Policy	101	(4)
Cartel and Competition Policy	105	(3)
Industrial Policy Instruments: Tariffs and Subsidies	108	(3)
Infrastructure	111	(3)
Public Ownership	114	(3)
Conclusion	117	(7)
Italy: Stalling and Surpassing	124	(28)
Giovanni Federico
Renato Giannetti
Introduction	124	(1)
The 1860s--1870s: A Liberal Prelude to Industrial Policy	124	(2)
The Return to Protection	126	(2)
The Support to the `Military-Industrial Complex'	128	(2)
The Policy towards Network Industries	130	(2)
Fascism, Autarky, and the Corporate State: A New Course?	132	(4)
The 1950s: State-Owned Enterprises and Trade Liberalization	136	(2)
Macroeconomic Planning and Industrial Policy in the 1960s	138	(2)
The Failure of the `National Champions' Strategy in the 1970s	140	(3)
The Industrial Policy of the 1980s: From National Champions to Regulation	143	(2)
Conclusion	145	(7)
Sweden: The Rise and Fall of the Swedish Model	152	(25)
Jan Bohlin
Industrial Policy before World War I: Infrastructural Investments and Tariffs	152	(7)
The Formation and Maturation of the Swedish Model: From the Inter-war Period to the Post-war Golden Age of Capitalism	159	(6)
From Offensive to Crisis Management (1960--1980)	165	(4)
The Reorientation of Industrial Policy in the 1980s and early 1990s: The Return of Market Solutions	169	(3)
Summary and Conclusions	172	(5)
The Netherlands: The History of an Empty Box?	177	(17)
Jan L. van Zanden
Introduction	177	(1)
Liberal Domination (1848--1914)	178	(2)
The Inter-war Period (1914--1945)	180	(2)
Industrialization Policy (1945--1963)	182	(3)
Industrial Policies without a Plan (1963--1983)	185	(4)
Technology Policy in the 1980s and 1990s	189	(2)
Conclusion: Is Industrial Policy an Empty Box?	191	(3)
Belgium: Liberalism by Default	194	(21)
Luc Hens
Peter Solar
The Context for Industrial Policy	194	(1)
Industrial Structure, Control, and Policy: The Main Lines	195	(4)
State-Owned Industry	199	(4)
Regulated Industries	203	(2)
Unregulated Industries	205	(6)
Conclusion	211	(4)
Ireland: From Inward to Outward Policies	215	(18)
Eoin O'Malley
Introduction	215	(1)
The 1920s	216	(2)
The Protectionist Phase: Late 1950s--1950s	218	(5)
Outward-Looking Policies: Late 1950s to Mid-1980s	223	(4)
Industrial Policy from the Mid-1980s to the Early 1990s	227	(6)
Spain: Industrial Policy under Authoritarian Politics	233	(35)
Pedro Fraile Balbin
Introduction	233	(1)
Industrial Policy before the Civil War	234	(5)
Industrial Policy under Dictatorship: The Franco Era	239	(12)
The Transition to Democracy	251	(4)
The Political Framework of Industrial Policy: Spain in the European Context	255	(13)
Portugal: Industrialization and Backwardness	268	(27)
Joao Confraria
Introduction	268	(1)
Portuguese Growth and Industrialization: An Overview	268	(5)
A Disarticulated Economy (1890--1926)	273	(3)
Industrial Policy in Protected Markets	276	(5)
Industrial Policy in Transition (1974--1985)	281	(6)
Industrial Policy after Membership of the European Community	287	(4)
Industrial Policies and Economic Growth	291	(1)
Concluding Remarks	291	(4)
Greece: From Rent-Seeking Protectionism to Direct Intervention	295	(24)
Ioanna Pepelasis Minoglou
Introduction	295	(3)
The Nineteenth-Century Legacy (1880--1918)	298	(4)
The Inter-War Period: An Embryonic Industrial Policy	302	(4)
Petty Regulations within a `Free Market' Framework (1953--1974)	306	(5)
Industrial Restructuring with Trade Liberalization (1974--1990)	311	(3)
Conclusion	314	(5)
Russia: A Comparative Economic Systems Interpretation	319	(79)
Christopher Mark Davis
Introduction to Economic Systems and Industrial Policy in Russia	319	(5)
Industrial Policy in the Peacetime Tsarist Economy (1890--1913)	324	(8)
Industrial Policy in the New Economic Policy Period (1921--1927)	332	(6)
Industrial Policy in the Stalinist Peacetime Command Economy (1928--1941)	338	(8)
Industrial Policy in the Mature Soviet Command Economy during the Superpower Arms Race (1965--1985)	346	(8)
Industrial Policy in the Russian Transitional Market Economy (1992--2000)	354	(11)
Conclusions about Russian Industrial Policy	365	(33)
Appendix	372	(26)
A Cultural Theory of Industrial Policy	398	(28)
Mark Casson
Introduction	398	(3)
A Systems View of the Economy	401	(2)
Embedding Industrial Policy in a Cultural Context	403	(2)
Interventionist Elites	405	(3)
Long Waves in Ideological Experimentation	408	(4)
Inter-Country Differences in Ideological Experimentation	412	(2)
Inter-Country Differences in the Propensity to Intervene	414	(6)
Trust as the Key to Successful Intervention	420	(1)
Conclusion	421	(5)
European Industrial Policy: An Overview	426	(35)
James Foreman-Peck
Giovanni Federico
The Impact of Industrial Policy over the Twentieth Century	426	(3)
Industrial Policy Persistence	429	(2)
Nineteenth-Century Liberal Industrial Policies	431	(5)
Wars and World Depression: The Spread of Interventionism	436	(1)
The Great Post-War Boom: The Hubris of Industrial Policy	437	(8)
The Nemesis of Industrial Policy: Eurosclerosis?	445	(11)
Conclusion	456	(5)
Index	461