European Union Law Textbook

by Deards, Elspeth; Hargreaves, Sylvia

• ISBN13: 9780198700715
• ISBN10: 0198700717
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-05-27
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

This text provides a clear and comprehensive analysis of the key issues in EU Law. Designed to make the study of EU Law, often complex and abstract, more accessible and user-friendly to students this book makes frequent use of self-assessment questions and activities. A fully cross-referenced companion website contains all the cases and materials discussed in the text.

Author Biography

Elspeth Deards is a Senior Lecturer in Law at Nottingham Law School, The Nottingham Trent University Sylvia Hargreaves is a Principal Lecturer in Law at Nottingham Law School, The Nottingham Trent University

Table of Contents

PREFACE	v
SOURCE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	xv
TABLE OF CASES	xvii
TABLE OF STATUTES	xxvii
HOW TO USE THIS BOOK	xxxi
1 Origins of the European Community	1	(16)
1.1 Objectives	1	(1)
1.2 Introduction	1	(1)
1.3 Definitions	2	(1)
1.4 The Economic Origins of the Community	2	(7)
1.5 The Political Origins of the Community	9	(2)
1.6 The Community	11	(4)
1.7 Later Developments	15	(1)
Conclusions	15	(1)
Assessment Exercise	16	(1)
2 The institutions of the Community and the EU	17	(20)
2.1 Objectives	17	(1)
2.2 Introduction	17	(1)
2.3 The 'Big Five' Institutions	18	(16)
2.4 The Other Institutions	34	(1)
Conclusions	35	(1)
Assessment Exercise	35	(2)
3 Sovereignty and sources of law	37	(18)
3.1 Objectives	37	(1)
3.2 Introduction	37	(1)
3.3 Sovereignty	37	(6)
3.4 Attribution of Powers to the Community	43	(2)
3.5 Sources of Community Law	45	(4)
3.6 Legislative Procedures	49	(4)
Conclusions	53	(1)
Assessment Exercise	53	(2)
4 The amending Treaties	55	(22)
4.1 Objectives	55	(1)
4.2 Introduction	55	(1)
4.3 The Single European Act 1986	56	(1)
4.4 The Treaty on European Union 1992	57	(2)
4.5 The Treaty of Amsterdam	59	(2)
4.6 The Treaty of Nice	61	(1)
4.7 Subsidiarity	62	(2)
4.8 Citizenship	64	(2)
4.9 Economic and Social Cohesion	66	(1)
4.10 Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)	66	(4)
4.11 Police and Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters	70	(1)
4.12 The Common Foreign and Security Policy	71	(1)
4.13 New Title IV EC on Visas, Asylum, Immigration, and other Policies Relating to the Free Movement of Persons	72	(1)
4.14 New Titles VIII and XI EC on Employment and Social Policy	73	(1)
4.15 Article 7 EU	73	(1)
4.16 Enhanced Cooperation	74	(1)
Conclusions	75	(1)
Assessment Exercise	76	(1)
5 Community law in national courts	77	(28)
5.1 Objectives	77	(1)
5.2 Introduction	77	(1)
5.3 Direct Effect	78	(8)
5.4 Indirect Effect	86	(5)
5.5 Member State Liability	91	(8)
5.6 Remedies Available	99	(1)
5.7 Principles Governing the Award of a Remedy	100	(3)
Conclusions	103	(1)
Assessment Exercise	104	(1)
6 Preliminary references	105	(24)
6.1 Objectives	105	(1)
6.2 Introduction	105	(2)
6.3 The Status of the National Court	107	(1)
6.4 Discretionary References	108	(7)
6.5 Mandatory References	115	(5)
6.6 Misuse of Article 234 (ex 177) EC	120	(4)
6.7 Issues of Validity	124	(1)
6.8 Interim Measures	125	(1)
6.9 The Effect of a Ruling	126	(1)
Conclusions	127	(1)
Assessment Exercise	127	(2)
7 Challenging Community acts	129	(26)
7.1 Objectives	129	(1)
7.2 Introduction	129	(1)
7.3 Article 230 (ex 173) EC	130	(5)
7.4 Direct Concern	135	(2)
7.5 Individual Concern	137	(6)
7.6 Decisions in the Form of Regulations	143	(3)
7.7 Directives	146	(1)
7.8 Grounds for Annulment	146	(2)
7.9 Procedure	148	(1)
7.10 Effect of Annulment	148	(1)
7.11 The Plea of Illegality	149	(1)
7.12 Article 232 (ex 175) EC	149	(3)
7.13 The Relationship between Article 230 (ex 173) EC and Article 232 (ex 175) EC	152	(1)
Conclusions	153	(1)
Assessment Exercise	153	(2)
8 The liability of the Community	155	(20)
8.1 Objectives	155	(1)
8.2 Introduction	155	(1)
8.3 Contractual Liability	156	(1)
8.4 Non-contractual Liability	156	(1)
8.5 Actual Damage	157	(3)
8.6 Wrongful Act	160	(7)
8.7 Causation	167	(2)
8.8 The Requirement of Fault	169	(1)
8.9 The Relationship between Article 288 EC and Other Actions	170	(1)
8.10 Concurrent Liability	171	(1)
8.11 Time Limits	172	(1)
Conclusions	172	(1)
Assessment Exercise	173	(2)
9 Free movement of goods	175	(32)
9.1 Objectives	175	(1)
9.2 Introduction	175	(1)
9.3 Overview of the Community Free Movement Provisions	176	(2)
9.4 Article 25 (ex 12): the Prohibition of Customs Duties and Charges having Equivalent Effect	178	(3)
9.5 Article 90 (ex 95): Prohibition of Discriminatory Taxation	181	(4)
9.6 Harmonization of Taxation	185	(1)
9.7 Articles 28 and 29: the Prohibition of Quantitative Restrictions and all Measures having Equivalent Effect	186	(11)
9.8 Article 30 (ex 36): Derogation from Articles 28 and 29 (ex 30-4)	197	(6)
9.9 Harmonization	203	(2)
Conclusions	205	(1)
Assessment Exercise	205	(2)
10 Free movement of persons	207	(44)
10.1 Objectives	207	(1)
10.2 Introduction	207	(1)
10.3 Freedom of Movement for Persons who are not Economically Active	208	(1)
10.4 Citizenship of the European Union: Free Movement and Associated Rights	208	(3)
10.5 The 'Economically Active': Outline of the Legislation	211	(1)
10.6 The Free Movement of Workers	212	(23)
10.7 Provisions of the Treaty of Amsterdam: the Establishment of an Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice	235	(1)
10.8 Freedom of Movement for the Self-employed	236	(8)
10.9 Access to Education	244	(3)
10.10 Proposals for a New Directive on Free Movement	247	(1)
Conclusions	248	(1)
Assessment Exercise	249	(2)
11 Competition law: Article 81 (ex 85)	251	(28)
11.1 Objectives	251	(1)
11.2 Introduction	251	(1)
11.3 Aims of Community Competition Law	251	(2)
11.4 Outline of the Community Competition Rules	253	(1)
11.5 The Framework of Article 81 (ex 85)	254	(1)
11.6 The Article 81(1)(ex 85(1)):Prohibition	255	(14)
11.7 Article 81(3) (ex 85(3)): Exemption	269	(3)
11.8 Article 81(3) (ex 85(3)): Block Exemption	272	(1)
11.9 Regulation 2790/99: the Block Exemption for Vertical Agreements	273	(3)
Conclusions	276	(1)
Assessment Exercise	277	(2)
12 Competition law: Article 82 (ex 86)	279	(24)
12.1 Objectives	279	(1)
12.2 Introduction	279	(1)
12.3 The Article 82 (ex 86): Prohibition	279	(1)
12.4 Dominant Position	280	(11)
12.5 Abuse of a Dominant Position	291	(7)
12.6 Effect on Trade Between Member States	298	(1)
12.7 Application of Article 82 (ex 86) to Collective Dominance	299	(1)
12.8 Merger Control	300	(1)
Conclusions	301	(1)
Assessment Exercise	301	(2)
13 Competition law: Articles 81 and 82 (ex 85 and 86): enforcement and procedure	303	(18)
13.1 Objectives	303	(1)
13.2 Introduction	303	(1)
13.3 Abolition of the Notification System	304	(1)
13.4 Powers of the Commission, the National Competition Authorities and the National Courts	305	(1)
13.5 Commission Decisions	306	(2)
13.6 Cooperation	308	(2)
13.7 The Commission's Powers of Investigation	310	(5)
13.8 Hearings	315	(1)
13.9 The Commission's Duty of Confidentiality	316	(1)
13.10 Privilege	317	(1)
13.11 Self-incrimination	318	(1)
13.12 Judicial Review	318	(1)
Conclusions	319	(1)
Assessment Exercise	319	(2)
14 Sex discrimination law	321	(32)
14.1 Objectives	321	(1)
14.2 Introduction	321	(1)
14.3 Article 13 EC	322	(1)
14.4 Outline of the Legislation on Sex Discrimination	322	(1)
14.5 Article 141 (ex 119): Equal Pay	323	(6)
14.6 Article 141 (ex 119) and Directive 75/117: Equal Work or Work of Equal Value	329	(4)
14.7 Indirect Discrimination	333	(4)
14.8 Equal Treatment for Men and Women in Employment: Directive 76/207 (as amended by Directive 2002/73)	337	(14)
14.9 Directive 79/7: Equal Treatment in Matters of Social Security	351	(1)
14.10 Directive 86/378 (amended by Directive 96/97): Equal Treatment in Occupational Social Security Schemes	351	(1)
14.11 Directive 86/613: Equal Treatment in Self-employment	351	(1)
14.12 Remedies	351	(1)
Conclusions	352	(1)
Assessment Exercise	352	(1)
INDEX	353