Everyday Morality An Introduction to Applied Ethics

by Martin, Mike W.

• ISBN13: 9780495007081
• ISBN10: 0495007080
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-02-09
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Find out how to use ethics in your own life with EVERYDAY MORALITY: AN INTRODUCTION TO APPLIED ETHICS. By looking at how everyday practical situations require an ethical response, you'll start to discover how to use what you're learning to lead a more rich and productive life. Whether it's hot topics like abortion or euthanasia, or more common situations like addiction, community service, or money management, EVERYDAY MORALITY: AN INTRODUCTION TO APPLIED ETHICS teaches you how to handle each situation the right way. And because it's full of study tools, this ethics textbook helps you out in class also.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
PART ONE Character and Conduct	1	(50)
Morality and Self-Interest	2	(14)
What Is Morality?	2	(2)
Applied Ethics	4	(1)
Ethical Subjectivism	5	(2)
Ethical Egoism	7	(3)
Psychological Egoism	10	(1)
Self-Fulfillment	11	(2)
Discussion Topics	13	(1)
Suggested Readings	14	(2)
Theories of Right Action	16	(19)
Aims of Ethical Theories	16	(1)
Act-Utilitarianism	17	(3)
Rule-Utilitarianism	20	(2)
Rights Ethics and Liberty	22	(1)
Rights Ethics and Welfare	23	(2)
Duty Ethics and Respect for Persons	25	(2)
Duty Ethics and Prima Facie Duties	27	(2)
Which Theory Is Best?	29	(1)
Pragmatism	30	(2)
Discussion Topics	32	(2)
Suggested Readings	34	(1)
Theories of Virtue	35	(16)
Human Nature and Virtue Theories	35	(1)
Plato: Moral Health	36	(1)
Aristotle: Rational Emotions and Desires	37	(4)
Difficulties with Greek Ethics	41	(1)
Aquinas: Religious Virtues	42	(1)
Hume: Benevolence and Sympathy	42	(1)
From Theory to Practice	43	(1)
MacIntyre: Self-Knowledge and Social Goods	44	(2)
Pincoffs: Choices Among Persons	46	(2)
Discussion Topics	48	(1)
Suggested Readings	49	(2)
PART TWO Multicultural Ethics	51	(54)
Diversity and Relativism	52	(14)
Ethical Conventionalism	53	(4)
Sheer-Diversity Argument	53	(1)
Group Survival Argument	54	(1)
Group-Authority Argument	55	(1)
Tolerance Argument	56	(1)
Ethical Pluralism	57	(2)
Multiple Goods and Emphases	58	(1)
Self-Fulfillment Argument	58	(1)
Conceptual Relativism	59	(1)
Multiculturalism	60	(2)
Disabilities and Diversity	62	(1)
Discussion Topics	63	(2)
Suggested Readings	65	(1)
Religious Ethics	66	(11)
Motivation: Surrender, Community, and Karma	66	(2)
Guidance: The Golden Rule	68	(2)
Ideals and Exemplars	70	(2)
Justification: Divine Command Ethics	72	(1)
Moral Critiques of Religion	73	(1)
Discussion Topics	74	(2)
Suggested Readings	76	(1)
Feminism	77	(14)
Gender Roles	77	(2)
Care Ethics	79	(4)
Language	83	(2)
Rape	85	(1)
Sexual Harassment	86	(2)
The Workplace	87	(1)
Academia	87	(1)
Discussion Topics	88	(2)
Suggested Readings	90	(1)
Race and Ethnic Identity	91	(14)
Racism, Race, and Ethnicity	91	(2)
Explaining Racism	93	(2)
Moral Perspectives	94	(1)
Psychological--Sociological Perspectives	94	(1)
Biological Perspectives	95	(1)
Assimilationist and Pluralistic Ideals	95	(1)
Culture Wars	96	(2)
Speech Codes	98	(2)
Affirmative Action	100	(2)
Discussion Topics	102	(1)
Suggested Readings	103	(2)
PART THREE Life and Death	105	(59)
Abortion	106	(12)
Issue 1: Are Fetuses Persons?	107	(4)
Conservatives	107	(2)
Liberals	109	(1)
Moderates	110	(1)
Issue 2: Balancing Moral Reasons	111	(2)
Conflicting Rights: Liberals Versus Conservatives	111	(1)
Moderates	112	(1)
Issue 3: Laws and Government Policies	113	(2)
Discussion Topics	115	(2)
Suggested Readings	117	(1)
Suicide and Euthanasia	118	(12)
What Is Suicide?	119	(1)
Is Suicide Ever Justified?	120	(2)
Preventing Suicide	122	(1)
Assisting Suicide	123	(1)
Euthanasia	124	(1)
Active Euthanasia, Mercy, and Autonomy	125	(2)
Discussion Topics	127	(1)
Suggested Readings	128	(2)
Animals	130	(11)
Animals as Companions	130	(2)
No Moral Worth	132	(2)
Full Moral Status	134	(2)
Partial Moral Status	136	(2)
Discussion Topics	138	(1)
Suggested Readings	139	(2)
Environment	141	(12)
Human-Centered Ethics	141	(2)
Nature-Centered Ethics	143	(4)
Sentientist Ethics	143	(1)
Biocentric Ethics	144	(1)
Ecocentric Ethics	145	(2)
From Theory to Practice	147	(3)
Discussion Topics	150	(2)
Suggested Readings	152	(1)
Terrorism and Evil	153	(11)
Understanding Evil	153	(3)
Evaluation and Explanation	156	(1)
Terrorism and Just War	156	(3)
Peacemaking	159	(1)
Compromise	160	(1)
Discussion Topics	161	(2)
Suggested Readings	163	(1)
PART FOUR Moral Autonomy and Mental Health	164	(65)
Self-Respect	165	(14)
Masochism	165	(1)
Self-Deprecation	166	(2)
Irrational Shame and Guilt	168	(2)
Responsibilities to Oneself	170	(2)
Self-Respect Versus Self-Esteem	172	(3)
Snobbery	175	(1)
Discussion Topics	176	(2)
Suggested Readings	178	(1)
Self-Knowledge and Self-Deception	179	(11)
Self-Knowledge	179	(1)
Self-Deceiving Tactics	180	(1)
Paradoxes	181	(2)
Responsibility	183	(1)
Self-Respect, Self-Esteem, and Immorality	184	(3)
Discussion Topics	187	(2)
Suggested Readings	189	(1)
Self-Control and Courage	190	(15)
Loss of Self-Control	190	(1)
Paradoxes	191	(2)
Inner Conflict and Self-Respect	193	(1)
Excuses	194	(2)
Forms of Courage	196	(1)
Courage, Cowardice, and Fear	197	(1)
A Definition of Courageous Actions	198	(1)
The Good of Courage	199	(1)
Emotional Intelligence	199	(3)
Anger	200	(1)
Hatred	200	(1)
Envy	201	(1)
Discussion Topics	202	(1)
Suggested Readings	203	(2)
The Therapeutic Trend	205	(13)
The Therapeutic Trend in Ethics	206	(2)
Nietzsche's Therapeutic Critique of Morality	208	(1)
Freud's Therapeutic Critique	209	(2)
Integrating Morality and Therapy	211	(2)
Determinism and Responsibility	213	(2)
Discussion Topics	215	(1)
Suggested Readings	216	(2)
Drug Abuse	218	(11)
Problem Drugs	218	(1)
Why Use Drugs?	219	(2)
Dependency and Addiction	221	(1)
Problem Drinkers	222	(1)
The Right to Smoke	223	(2)
Illegal Drugs	225	(1)
Discussion Topics	226	(1)
Suggested Readings	227	(2)
PART FIVE Sexual Morality	229	(45)
Sex and Love	230	(11)
Definitions of Love	230	(3)
Arguments for Sex without Love	233	(1)
Arguments for Sex with Love	234	(2)
True Love: Obligations or Ideals?	236	(1)
Discussion Topics	237	(2)
Suggested Readings	239	(2)
Homosexuality and Homophobia	241	(10)
Closets and Coming Out	241	(2)
The Reproductive Purpose of Sex	243	(2)
Other Senses of ``Unnatural''	245	(1)
Promiscuity	246	(2)
Homophobia	248	(1)
Discussion Topics	248	(1)
Suggested Readings	249	(2)
Pornography and Fantasy	251	(11)
A Definition of Pornography	252	(1)
Examples of Pornography	253	(2)
Fantasy	255	(3)
Fantasy as Morally Neutral	255	(1)
Fantasy as Sometimes Immoral	256	(1)
A Synthesis of Opposing Views	257	(1)
Obscenity	258	(2)
Discussion Topics	260	(1)
Suggested Readings	261	(1)
Marriage and Adultery	262	(12)
Is Marriage a Moral Issue?	262	(1)
Potential Drawbacks to Marriage	263	(4)
Outside Control	263	(1)
Psychological Constriction	264	(2)
Sexual Confinement	266	(1)
Extramarital Affairs: Two Cases	267	(1)
Taylor's Defense of Extramarital Affairs	268	(2)
Jealousy	270	(2)
Discussion Topics	272	(1)
Suggested Readings	273	(1)
PART SIX Community and Wealth	274	(51)
Money	275	(16)
The Cheating Culture	275	(1)
Money Madness and Consumer Compulsion	276	(3)
Gambling	279	(3)
Money and Happiness	282	(1)
American Dreams	283	(2)
Economic Justice	285	(3)
Discussion Topics	288	(1)
Suggested Readings	289	(2)
Meaningful Work	291	(12)
Alienation and Anxiety	292	(1)
Work Ethic	293	(1)
Professions and Professionalism	294	(1)
Confidentiality	295	(1)
Integrity and Professional Distance	296	(1)
Whistleblowing and Loyalty	297	(2)
Discussion Topics	299	(2)
Suggested Readings	301	(2)
Computers and Community	303	(9)
Privacy and Safety	303	(2)
Free and Responsible Speech	305	(1)
Property and Piracy	306	(1)
Computer Abuse and Hackers	307	(1)
Autonomy and Technology	308	(1)
Discussion Topics	309	(1)
Suggested Readings	310	(2)
Community Service	312	(13)
Compassionate Caring	312	(3)
Sense of Gratitude	315	(1)
Passion for Justice	316	(1)
Generosity and Supererogation	317	(1)
Obligations to Help	318	(2)
Conscription	320	(1)
Discussion Topics	321	(1)
Suggested Readings	322	(3)
Notes	325	(25)
Index	350