Evidence, Proof, and Facts A Book of Sources

by Murphy, Peter

• ISBN13: 9780199261956
• ISBN10: 0199261954
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-05-08
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

This book is a collection of materials concerned not only with the law of evidence, but also with the logical and rhetorical aspects of proof; the epistemology of evidence as a basis for the proof of disputed facts; and scientific aspects of the subject. The editor also raises issues such as the philosophical basis for the use of evidence.

Author Biography

Peter Murphy is Professor of Law at South Texas College of Law and currently Defence Counsel for the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. He is Editor-in-Chief of Blackstone's Criminal Practice and author of Murphy on Evidence (Blackstone, 2000).

Table of Contents

TABLE OF WORKS REPRESENTED, WITH ABBREVIATIONS USED	xii
PREFACE	xv
EVIDENCE, PROOF, AND FACTS: AN INTRODUCTORY ESSAY	1	(578)
CHAPTER 1 THE CONCEPT OF EVIDENCE AND THE LAW OF EVIDENCE	23	(54)
Section 1: What is Evidence?	24	(7)
Bentham, Rationale	25	(2)
Schum, Foundations	27	(4)
Section 2: Development of the Law of Evidence	31	(27)
Thayer, Preliminary Treatise	32	(3)
Holdsworth, History	35	(4)
Twining, Rethinking Evidence	39	(19)
Section 3: Are Exclusionary Rules of Evidence Needed?	58	(12)
Bentham, Rationale	59	(6)
Stephen, Report	65	(5)
Section 4: The Philosophy Underlying the Law of Evidence Optimistic Rationalism	70	(7)
Twining, Theories	71	(6)
CHAPTER 2 LOGIC AND RHETORIC	77	(86)
Section 1: Logic, Deductive Reasoning, and the Syllogism	78	(13)
Aristotle, Topics	79	(2)
Aristotle, Prior Analytics	81	(2)
Mill, System	83	(8)
Section 2: Rejection of the Syllogism as a Scientific Method	91	(11)
Bacon, Novum Organum	92	(4)
Hume, Enquiry	96	(2)
Schum, Foundations	98	(4)
Section 3: Logic, Inductive Reasoning, and Inferences from Evidence	102	(38)
Schmidt, 'Influence of the Legal Paradigm'	103	(18)
Mill, System	121	(19)
Section 4: Logical Fallacies	140	(5)
Mill, System	141	(4)
Section 5: Dialectic and Rhetoric	145	(18)
Aristotle, Art of Rhetoric	146	(6)
Plato, Gorgias	152	(7)
Plato, Phaedrus	159	(4)
CHAPTER 3 JUDICIAL REASONING ABOUT FACTS	163	(69)
Section 1: Relevance	164	(10)
Stephen, Digest	165	(1)
US Federal Rule of Evidence 401	165	(1)
Bentham, Rationale	166	(2)
Schum, Foundations	168	(4)
Keynes, Treatise	172	(2)
Section 2: Direct and Circumstantial Evidence	174	(3)
Bentham, Rationale	175	(2)
Section 3: The Process of Judicial Reasoning	177	(27)
Thayer, Preliminary Treatise	178	(3)
Wigmore, Science	181	(23)
Section 4: Probative Value and Weight	204	(12)
Bentham, Rationale	205	(7)
Keynes, Treatise	212	(4)
Section 5: Generalizations	216	(16)
Hume, Enquiry	217	(3)
Bentham, Rationale	220	(4)
Mill, System	224	(8)
CHAPTER 4 CAUSATION	232	(64)
Section 1: Philosophical Basis for Theory of Cause and Effect	233	(28)
Aristotle, Physics	234	(3)
Locke, Essay	237	(2)
Hume, Treatise	239	(7)
Hume, Enquiry	246	(3)
Mill, System	249	(12)
Section 2: Cause and Effect as Basis for Inference from Evidence	261	(25)
Hart and Honore, Causation	262	(15)
Schum, Foundations	277	(9)
Section 3: Legal Applications of Causation	286	(10)
Hart and Honore, Causation	287	(9)
CHAPTER 5 STANDARDS OF PROOF	296	(72)
Section 1: Relationship of Inductive Reasoning to Standards of Proof	297	(6)
Cohen, The Probable and the Provable	298	(5)
Section 2: Proof by a Preponderance of the Evidence	303	(23)
Rhesa Shipping Co SA v. Edmunds and another (The Popi M)	304	(4)
T.N.T. Management Pty. Ltd. v. Brooks	308	(8)
Cohen, The Probable and the Provable	316	(10)
Section 3: Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt	326	(19)
Shapiro, Beyond Reasonable Doubt	327	(15)
Cohen, The Probable and the Provable	342	(3)
Section 4: Decision Theory in Relation to Standards of Proof	345	(23)
Kaplan, 'Decision Theory and the Factfinding Process'	346	(10)
Tribe, 'Trial by Mathematics'	356	(12)
CHAPTER 6 THEORIES OF PROBABILITY	368	(44)
Section 1: Probability Theories Generally	369	(22)
Locke, Essay	370	(7)
Hume, Treatise	377	(7)
Bentham, Rationale	384	(3)
Keynes, Treatise	387	(4)
Section 2: Probability Applied to Human Conduct and Credibility	391	(17)
Keynes, Treatise	392	(8)
Eggleston, Evidence, Proof and Probability	400	(8)
Section 3: The Principle of Indifference	408	(4)
Cohen, Introduction	409	(3)
CHAPTER 7 PROBABILITY ISSUES OF MATHEMATICS	412	(63)
Section 1: Mathematical Probability Calculus	413	(19)
Mill, System	414	(3)
Schum, Foundations	417	(6)
Cohen, Introduction	423	(9)
Section 2: Revision of Probability Estimates in Light of New Evidence: Bayes's Rule	432	(26)
Schum, Foundations	433	(5)
Bayes, Essay	438	(20)
Section 3: Mathematics in the Courtroom	458	(17)
People v. Collins	459	(10)
R v. Adams (No. 2)	469	(6)
CHAPTER 8 PROBABILITY: MATHEMATICAL AND NON-MATHEMATICAL MODELS	475	(72)
Section 1: Non-Mathematical Probability Models	476	(30)
Mill, System	477	(2)
Keynes, Treatise	479	(9)
Cohen, Introduction	488	(7)
Cohen, The Probable and the Provable	495	(11)
Section 2: Pascal or Bacon? The Great Debate	506	(41)
Tribe, 'Trial by Mathematics'	507	(22)
Kaye, 'Laws of Probability'	529	(18)
CHAPTER 9 ALTERNATIVE EPISTEMOLOGIES OF EVIDENCE	547	(32)
Section 1: Chance and Acausal Connections	548	(7)
Aristotle, Physics	549	(3)
Mill, System	552	(3)
Section 2: The Older Modes of Proof	555	(16)
Holdsworth, History	556	(7)
Hammurabi, Code	563	(1)
Manu, Laws	564	(2)
Supakar, Law of Evidence in Ancient India	566	(5)
Section 3: A Women's Perspective	571	(8)
Harmon, 'Etchings on Glass'	572	(7)
APPENDIX I INFERENCE NETWORKS AND THE CHARTING OF EVIDENCE	579	(14)
Wigmore, 'Problem of Proof'	580	(13)
APPENDIX II SOME COMMONLY USED HYPOTHETICALS	593	(6)
Index	599