A Synthetic Approach to the Study of the Evolution of Communication and Language | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Scope and Objectives of the Book | p. 3 |
Overview | p. 3 |
Theoretical Aspects of Communication and Language | p. 4 |
Evolution of Communication | p. 5 |
Evolution of Language | p. 7 |
Conclusion | p. 8 |
Appendix: Software and Hardware Tools | p. 8 |
Major Objectives | p. 8 |
Acknowledgements | p. 8 |
References | p. 9 |
Theoretical Aspects of Communication and Language | |
Artificial Organisms with Human Language | p. 13 |
Understanding the Behavior of Real Organisms by Constructing Artificial Organisms | p. 13 |
Artificial Organisms with Human Language | p. 15 |
Nine Properties of Human Language | p. 16 |
Linguistic Signals are Arbitrarily Linked to Their Meanings | p. 16 |
Language is Compositional | p. 18 |
Language is Culturally Transmitted and Evolved | p. 20 |
Language is Used to Talk to Oneself and Not Only to Others | p. 21 |
Language is Used for Communicating About the External Environment | p. 23 |
Language Uses Displaced Signals | p. 24 |
Language is Intentional and Requires Recognizing the Intentions of Others | p. 25 |
Language is the Product of a Complex Nervous System | p. 27 |
Language Influences Human Cognition | p. 29 |
Between Them or with Us? | p. 31 |
References | p. 34 |
Evolution of Language as One of the Major Evolutionary Transitions | p. 37 |
Introduction | p. 37 |
Notes on the Neurobiology of Language | p. 40 |
Towards a Genetic Approach to Language | p. 41 |
The Status of Recursion in Animals and Human | p. 41 |
Genetic Assimilation in Language Evolution | p. 43 |
Prerequisites for Language and the Concept of a Human-Specific Adaptive Suite | p. 43 |
Selective Scenarios for the Origin of Language | p. 45 |
What Made Language Origins Difficult? | p. 46 |
A Possible Modeling Approach | p. 48 |
Evolutionary Neurogenetic Algorithm (ENGA) | p. 49 |
The Origin of a Language as a Proper Major Evolutionary Transition | p. 49 |
References | p. 50 |
Strategic Aspects of Communication | p. 55 |
Defining the Strategy Concept | p. 55 |
Strategy Generation | p. 56 |
A Strategic Approach to Communication | p. 57 |
Costly Signaling | p. 57 |
Cooperative Signaling, Antagonistic Co-evolution, and Subversion | p. 60 |
Signaling Between "Super-organisms" | p. 62 |
Summary | p. 63 |
References | p. 63 |
Theoretical Tools in Modeling Communication and Language Dynamics | p. 67 |
Introduction | p. 67 |
Concepts and Tools | p. 69 |
Order and Disorder: The Ising Paradigm | p. 70 |
Role of Topology | p. 73 |
Dynamical Systems Approach | p. 75 |
Agent-Based Modeling | p. 76 |
Conclusions | p. 78 |
References | p. 79 |
Emergence of Scale-Free Syntax Networks | p. 83 |
Introduction | p. 83 |
Building Syntactic Networks | p. 85 |
Evolving Syntax Networks | p. 87 |
Global Organization | p. 88 |
Small World Development | p. 88 |
Scale-Free Topology | p. 91 |
Modeling Syntactic Network Evolution | p. 91 |
Simple SO Graph Growth Models | p. 92 |
Network Growth Model and Analysis | p. 92 |
Discussion | p. 97 |
References | p. 99 |
Evolution of Communication | |
Evolving Communication in Embodied Agents: Theory, Methods, and Evaluation | p. 105 |
Introduction | p. 105 |
Theory | p. 106 |
The General Framework: Embodied Cognition | p. 106 |
Communication as a Complex Adaptive System | p. 108 |
Method | p. 109 |
Adaptive Methods for Designing Self-organizing Communication Systems | p. 109 |
Research Methodology | p. 113 |
Evaluation Criteria | p. 114 |
Adaptive Role | p. 114 |
Expressive Power and Organizational Complexity | p. 115 |
Stability, Robustness, and Evolvability | p. 117 |
Knowledge Gain (Modeling) | p. 118 |
Summary and Conclusion | p. 118 |
References | p. 119 |
Evolutionary Conditions for the Emergence of Communication | p. 123 |
Introduction | p. 123 |
Experimental Setup | p. 126 |
The Task | p. 126 |
Neural Controller | p. 126 |
Artificial Evolution | p. 128 |
Quantifying Behavior | p. 128 |
Honest Communication | p. 129 |
Deceptive Communication | p. 132 |
Conclusion | p. 133 |
References | p. 134 |
Producer Biases and Kin Selection in the Evolution of Communication | p. 135 |
Introduction | p. 135 |
Two Problems in the Evolution of Communication | p. 137 |
The Biological Literature and the Manipulation Bias | p. 137 |
The Phylogenetic Problem | p. 138 |
The Adaptive Problem | p. 139 |
Disentangling the Two Problems | p. 140 |
Experimental Set-Up | p. 141 |
The Environment and the Task | p. 141 |
The Neural Network | p. 142 |
Individual Life and the Fitness Formula | p. 142 |
The Genetic Algorithm | p. 143 |
Measuring Communication System Quality | p. 144 |
Cognitive, Genetic, and Adaptive Factors in the Evolution of Communication | p. 144 |
The Kin-Selection Simulation | p. 147 |
Simulation | p. 147 |
Results | p. 147 |
The No-Cognitive-Pressure and No-Communication Simulations | p. 148 |
Simulations | p. 148 |
Results | p. 150 |
Discussion | p. 152 |
The Producer Bias Hypothesis | p. 153 |
Adaptive Factors | p. 156 |
References | p. 157 |
Evolution of Signaling in a Multi-Robot System: Categorization and Communication | p. 161 |
Introduction | p. 162 |
Methods | p. 162 |
Description of the Task | p. 162 |
The Simulation Model | p. 164 |
The Controller and the Evolutionary Algorithm | p. 165 |
The Fitness Function | p. 166 |
Results | p. 167 |
A First Series of Post-evaluation Tests | p. 168 |
Sound Signaling and Communication | p. 169 |
On the Adaptive Significance of Signaling | p. 172 |
Conclusions | p. 176 |
References | p. 178 |
Evolution of Implicit and Explicit Communication in Mobile Robots | p. 179 |
Introduction | p. 179 |
Experimental Setup | p. 180 |
The Environment and the Robots | p. 181 |
The Neural Controller | p. 181 |
The Evolutionary Algorithm | p. 183 |
Results | p. 185 |
Symmetrical Strategy | p. 187 |
Asymmetrical Strategy | p. 196 |
Discussion | p. 204 |
Appendix | p. 210 |
Sensors and Actuators | p. 210 |
Update Functions of the Neurons | p. 211 |
Simulation | p. 211 |
Criteria Used to Identify the Behavior Exhibited by the Robots Analyzed in Sect. 3.2 | p. 212 |
Supplementary Data | p. 213 |
References | p. 213 |
Evolving Communication in Embodied Agents: Assessment and Open Challenges | p. 215 |
Introduction | p. 215 |
Adaptive Role | p. 215 |
Expressive Power and Organization Complexity | p. 216 |
Stability, Robustness, and Evolvability | p. 217 |
Knowledge Gain (Modeling) | p. 218 |
Open Questions for Future Research | p. 219 |
References | p. 219 |
Evolution of Language | |
Modeling The Formation of Language in Embodied Agents: Methods and Open Challenges | p. 223 |
Introductions | p. 223 |
Methods | p. 224 |
Challenges | p. 226 |
Mechanism Design of Language Games | p. 226 |
Concept Formation | p. 228 |
Lexicon Formation | p. 229 |
Grammar Formation | p. 230 |
References | p. 232 |
Modeling the Formation of Language: Embodied Experiments | p. 235 |
Introduction | p. 235 |
The Grounded Naming Game | p. 236 |
Sensori-motor Aspects | p. 237 |
Conceptual Aspects | p. 239 |
Linguistic Aspects | p. 242 |
Establishing Object Identity | p. 244 |
Experimental Results | p. 245 |
Spatial Language and Perspective Reversal | p. 247 |
Sensori-motor Aspects | p. 247 |
Conceptual and Linguistic Aspects | p. 249 |
Results | p. 250 |
The Case Experiment | p. 253 |
Sensori-motor Aspects | p. 254 |
Linguistic Aspects | p. 255 |
Conclusion | p. 260 |
References | p. 261 |
Mathematical Modeling of Language Games | p. 263 |
Introduction | p. 263 |
The Naming Game | p. 264 |
Symmetry Breaking: A Controlled Case | p. 268 |
The Role of the Interaction Topology | p. 269 |
Variants of the Naming Game | p. 270 |
The Category Game | p. 270 |
The Category Game Model | p. 272 |
Hierarchical Coordination | p. 274 |
Conclusions | p. 278 |
References | p. 279 |
Modeling the Formation of Language in Embodied Agents: Conclusions and Future Research | p. 283 |
Introduction | p. 283 |
Embodiment | p. 283 |
Language Games | p. 284 |
Concept Formation | p. 284 |
Lexicon | p. 285 |
Grammar | p. 286 |
Mathematical Modeling | p. 286 |
References | p. 288 |
Conclusion | |
Embodied and Communicating Agents: Towards the Establishment of a Solid Theoretical and Methodological Framework | p. 291 |
References | p. 293 |
Appendix: Software and Hardware Tools | |
Evorobot* | p. 297 |
Introduction | p. 297 |
Evorobot* Features | p. 298 |
Using Evorobot* | p. 300 |
User Manual, Tutorials & Download Instructions | p. 301 |
References | p. 301 |
E-puck | p. 303 |
Introduction | p. 303 |
The E-puck Robot | p. 304 |
Communication Turrets | p. 304 |
LED Light Turret | p. 304 |
Omni-directional Camera Turret | p. 305 |
Communication Experiments | p. 305 |
References | p. 306 |
Babel | p. 307 |
Introduction | p. 307 |
Overview | p. 308 |
Illustration | p. 310 |
Outlook | p. 313 |
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