International Security Studies (ISS) has changed and diversified in many ways since 1945. This book provides the first intellectual history of the development of the subject in that period. It explains how ISS evolved from an initial concern with the strategic consequences of superpower rivalry and nuclear weapons, to its current diversity in which environmental, economic, human and other securities sit alongside military security, and in which approaches ranging from traditional Realist analysis to Feminism and Post-colonialism are in play. It sets out the driving forces that shaped debates in ISS, shows what makes ISS a single conversation across its diversity, and gives an authoritative account of debates on all the main topics within ISS. This is an unparalleled survey of the literature and institutions of ISS which will be an invaluable guide for all students and scholars of ISS, whether traditionalist, 'new agenda' or critical.

Barry Buzan is Montague Burton Professor of International Relations at the London School of Economics and Honorary Professor at the Universities of Copenhagen and Jilin. Lane Hansen is an Associate Professor of International Relations in the Department of Political Science at the University of Copenhagen.

Foreword	p. ix
List of abbreviations	p. xii
List of figures	p. xv
List of tables	p. xvi
Introduction	p. 1
Defining International Security Studies	p. 8
Four questions that structure ISS	p. 10
Security and its adjacent concepts	p. 13
The disciplinary boundary of ISS	p. 16
The Western-centrism conundrum	p. 19
The key questions in International Security Studies: the state, politics and epistemology	p. 21
From medieval to sovereign states	p. 22
The French Revolution and domestic cohesion	p. 26
The conception of politics in ISS	p. 30
Epistemology and security debates	p. 32
Mapping concepts of security	p. 35
The driving forces behind the evolution of International Security Studies	p. 39
A post-Kuhnian sociology of science	p. 40
Internal versus external factors	p. 44
The theoretical status of the driving forces framework	p. 47
The five driving forces as general analytical categories	p. 50
Great power politics	p. 50
The technological imperative	p. 53
Events	p. 54
The internal dynamics of academic debates	p. 57
Institutionalisation	p. 60
Strategic Studies, deterrence and the Cold War	p. 66
Great power politics: the Cold War and bipolarity	p. 68
The technological imperative: the nuclear revolution in military affairs	p. 73
The pressure of current affairs and 'events'	p. 83
The internal dynamics of academic debates	p. 87
The Cold War challenge to national security	p. 101
Peace Research and Arms Control	p. 104
Great power politics: the Cold War and bipolarity	p. 106
The technological imperative: the nuclear revolution in military affairs	p. 109
Positive peace, integration and societal cohesion	p. 118
Structural violence, economics and the environment	p. 123
The internal dynamics of debates in Peace Research	p. 129
From peace to security: Common Security, Feminism and Poststructuralism	p. 135
Foregrounding 'security'	p. 135
Women as a particular group: the birth of Feminist Security Studies	p. 138
Linguistic approaches and Poststructuralism	p. 141
Institutionalisation	p. 145
Conclusions	p. 153
International Security studies post-Cold War: the traditionalists	p. 156
The loss of a meta-event: surviving the Soviet Union	p. 159
International academic debates: state-centrism and epistemology	p. 162
Great power politics: a replacement for the Soviet Union?	p. 165
The technological imperative	p. 170
Regional security and non-Western events	p. 176
Institutionalisation	p. 182
Conclusions	p. 184
Widening and deepening security	p. 187
Constructivisms: norms, identities and narratives	p. 191
Conventional Constructivism	p. 192
Critical Constructivism	p. 197
Beyond the (Western) state	p. 200
Post-colonialism	p. 200
Human Security	p. 202
Critical Security Studies	p. 205
Feminism	p. 208
Discursive security: the Copenhagen School and Poststructuralism	p. 212
The Copenhagen School and its critics	p. 212
Poststructuralism	p. 218
Institutionalisation	p. 221
Conclusions	p. 224
Responding to 9/11: a return to national security?	p. 226
Traditionalist ISS post-9/11	p. 299
The traditionalist response to the Global War on Terrorism	p. 229
Continuities in traditionalist ISS after 2001	p. 234
Widening perspectives and the Global War on Terrorism	p. 243
Discourses and terrorist subjects	p. 243
Information technology, bio-security and risk	p. 248
Institutionalisation and the Global War on Terrorism	p. 251
Conclusions	p. 253
Conclusions	p. 256
The changing shape of ISS	p. 258
Driving forces reconsidered	p. 261
The State and future of ISS: conversation or camps?	p. 262
The outlook for ISS	p. 265
Great power politics	p. 266
Events	p. 268
Technology	p. 269
Academic debates	p. 270
Institutionalisation	p. 271
References	p. 273
Author index	p. 365
Subject index	p. 368
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