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Acknowledgements | p. xi |
A note on referencing | p. xiii |
Introduction | |
What is strategy? | p. 3 |
Art of war or science of war, and technical definitions of 'strategy' | p. 3 |
The articulation of different dimensions of Strategy | p. 9 |
What is this book examining? | p. 29 |
Long-term constants | |
Warfare and mindsets from Antiquity to the Middle Ages | p. 39 |
Technology and warfare | p. 39 |
Causes, aims and ethics of war from the Roman Empire to the late Middle Ages | p. 42 |
Warfare and mindsets in early modern Europe | p. 54 |
Causes, aims and practice of war in early modern Europe | p. 54 |
The ethics of war in early modern Europe | p. 64 |
Themes in early thinking about Strategy | p. 76 |
Sieges and static defences from Troy to Basra | p. 76 |
Feudal levies, mercenaries or militia? | p. 82 |
Battle avoidance or decisive battles? | p. 89 |
Limited and unlimited wars | p. 97 |
The enduring quest for eternal principles governing warfare | p. 100 |
The Napoleonic paradigm and Total War | |
The age and mindset of the Napoleonic paradigm | p. 113 |
Causes of wars, world-views and war aims 1792-1914 | p. 113 |
The influence of Social Darwinism and racism | p. 123 |
The Napoleonic paradigm transformed: from total mobilisation to total war | p. 137 |
The quest for total victory | p. 139 |
The centrality of the battle | p. 142 |
Annihilation of the enemy | p. 145 |
The universal cult of the offensive | p. 146 |
Total mobilisation or professional military elites? | p. 152 |
Challenges to the Napoleonic paradigm versus the culmination of Total War | p. 171 |
Mars mechanised: the Napoleonic paradigm versus technological innovation | p. 171 |
The dissenters: Corbett's limited wars and Jaurès's defensive army | p. 176 |
Lessons of the First World War | p. 179 |
Strategy responses to the First World War | p. 181 |
The Second World War: culmination of Total War | p. 194 |
Naval and maritime Strategy | |
Long-term trends and early maritime Strategy | p. 201 |
Strategy on land, at sea and in the air | p. 201 |
Writing in the age of oar and sail | p. 207 |
The age of steam to the First World War | p. 216 |
The 'Anglo-Saxon' writers in the age of steam | p. 216 |
French naval theorists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries | p. 233 |
Germany before the First World War | p. 245 |
Conclusions | p. 247 |
The World Wars and their lessons for maritime Strategists | p. 248 |
The First World War | p. 248 |
British lessons | p. 250 |
French lessons | p. 256 |
The second-tier powers | p. 260 |
US lessons from the Second World War | p. 266 |
Conclusions | p. 267 |
Maritime Strategy in the nuclear age | p. 268 |
The Cold War framework | p. 268 |
Multiple roles for navies | p. 276 |
Strategies for second-tier powers | p. 286 |
Change of world-views and principles in conducting international affairs | p. 290 |
Conclusions | p. 291 |
Air power and nuclear Strategy | |
War in the third dimension | p. 297 |
Child and grandchild of naval Strategy | p. 297 |
The beginnings of air power | p. 298 |
Four schools of air power | p. 313 |
The strategic or city bombing school | p. 314 |
The military targets school: denial | p. 336 |
The leadership targeting school: decapitation | p. 342 |
The political signalling school: games theories | p. 345 |
Conclusions | p. 350 |
Nuclear Strategy | p. 351 |
Targets | p. 351 |
Deterrence | p. 357 |
Nuclear war-fighting Strategy | p. 366 |
War taken to its absurd extreme | p. 382 |
Asymmetric or 'small' wars | |
From partisan warfare to people's war | p. 387 |
Two meanings of 'small war' | p. 387 |
The mosquito and the lion: tactics | p. 397 |
Hearts and minds I | p. 414 |
Defence in depth | p. 416 |
Counterinsurgency | p. 419 |
The legal status of insurgents | p. 419 |
Brutal repression | p. 422 |
Hearts and minds II | p. 427 |
Conclusions | p. 436 |
The quest for new paradigms after the World Wars | |
Wars without victories, victories without peace | p. 441 |
The First World War as turning point? | p. 441 |
Causes, conduct and ethics of wars since 1945 | p. 444 |
The relinquishment of the Napoleonic paradigm | p. 453 |
The return of limited wars | p. 456 |
Coercion | p. 463 |
Defensive defence and the relinquishment of victory | p. 467 |
No end of history, the dialectic continues | p. 472 |
The Napoleonic paradigm strikes back: Summers's Clausewitzian critique | p. 472 |
Major war since 1945 | p. 477 |
The return of small wars | p. 480 |
Future developments | p. 486 |
Epilogue: Strategy-making versus bureaucratic politics | p. 488 |
Policy and Strategy in practice | p. 488 |
The frailty of human logic | p. 498 |
Summaries and conclusions | p. 500 |
Bibliography | p. 506 |
Index | p. 571 |
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