Experience Human Development

Experience Human Development 12eallows you to: Experience a program that connects students to the real world. Our Milestones video program allows students to witness real life as it unfolds via a customizeable, assignable and assessible platform. Additionally, our new Research in Action feature highlights interesting and timely topics. Experience the diversity of the human experience.The 12th edition of this classic best-seller retains the extensive and integrated cross-cultural and multicultural coverage as previous editions. Experience a program that helps students navigate the vast amount of material in the course.Now with Connect Lifespan, Papalia 12e allows students to connect with real life and the real world. Connect Psychology with LearnSmart, our adaptive learning system, is designed to help students learn faster, study more efficiently, and retain more knowledge for greater success. And, it allows faculty to spend more time teaching and less time grading.

CHAPTER 1 The Study of Human Development

Human Development: An Ever-Evolving Field

Studying the Life Span

Human Development Today

The Study of Human Development: Basic Concepts

Domains of Development

Periods of the Life Span

Influences on Development

Heredity, Environment, and Maturation

Contexts of Development

Normative and Nonnormative Influences

Timing of Influences: Critical or Sensitive Periods

Paul B. Baltes's Life-Span Developmental Approach

CHAPTER 2 Theory and Research

Basic Theoretical Issues

Issue 1: Is Development Active or Reactive?

Issue 2: Is Development Continuous or Discontinuous?

Theoretical Perspectives

Perspective 1: Psychoanalytic

Perspective 2: Learning

Perspective 3: Cognitive

Perspective 4: Contextual

Perspective 5: Evolutionary/Sociobiological

A Shifting Balance

Research Methods

Sampling

Forms of Data Collection

Basic Research Designs

Developmental Research Designs

CHAPTER 3 Forming a New Life

Conceiving New Life

How Fertilization Takes Place

What Causes Multiple Births?

Mechanisms of Heredity

The Genetic Code

What Determines Sex?

Patterns of Genetic Transmission

Genetic and Chromosomal Abnormalities

Genetic Counseling and Testing

Nature and Nurture: Influences of Heredity and Environment

Studying Heredity and Environment

How Heredity and Environment Work Together

Some Characteristics Influenced by Heredity and Environment Prenatal Development

Stages of Prenatal Development

Environmental Influences: Maternal Factors

Environmental Influences: Paternal Factors

Monitoring and Promoting Prenatal Development

Disparities in Prenatal Care

The Need for Preconception Care

CHAPTER 4 Birth and Physical Development during the First Three Years

Childbirth and Culture: How Birthing Has Changed

The Birth Process

Stages of Childbirth

Electronic Fetal Monitoring

Vaginal versus Cesarean Delivery

Medicated versus Nonmedicated Delivery

The Newborn Baby

Size and Appearance

Body Systems

Medical and Behavioral Assessment

States of Arousal

Complications of Childbirth

Low Birth Weight

Postmaturity

Stillbirth

Can a Supportive Environment Overcome Effects of

Birth Complications?

Survival and Health

Death during Infancy

Immunization for Better Health

Early Physical Development

Principles of Development

Patterns of Growth

Nutrition

The Brain and Reflex Behavior

Early Sensory Capacities

Motor Development

Milestones of Motor Development

Motor Development and Perception

Eleanor and James Gibson’s Ecological Theory

How Motor Development Occurs: Thelan’s Dynamic Systems Theory

Cultural Influences on Motor Development

CHAPTER 5 Cognitive Development during the First Three Years

Studying Cognitive Development: Six Approaches

Behaviorist Approach: Basic Mechanics of Learning Classical and Operant Conditioning

Infant Memory

Psychometric Approach: Developmental and

Intelligence Testing

Testing Infants and Toddlers

Assessing the Impact of the Early Home Environment

Early Intervention

Piagetian Approach: The Sensorimotor Stage

Substages of the Sensorimotor Stage

Do Imitative Abilities Develop Earlier than Piaget Thought?

Development of Knowledge about Objects and Space

Evaluating Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage

Information-Processing Approach: Perceptions and Representations

Habituation

Visual and Auditory Processing Abilities

Information Processing as a Predictor of Intelligence

Information Processing and the Development of

Piagetian Abilities

Cognitive Neuroscience Approach: The Brain's

Cognitive Structures

Memory Systems

Understanding of Number

Social-Contextual Approach: Learning Form Interactions with Caregivers

Language Development

Sequence of Early Language Development

Characteristics of Early Speech

Classic Theories of Language Acquisition:

The Nature-Nurture Debate

Influences on Early Language Development

Preparing for Literacy: The Benefits of Reading Aloud

CHAPTER 6 Psychosocial Development during the First Three Years

Foundations of Psychosocial Development Emotions

Temperament

Earliest Social Experiences: The Infant in the Family

Gender: How Different Are Baby Boys and Girls?

Developmental Issues in Infancy

Developing Trust

Developing Attachments

Emotional Communication with Caregivers: Mutual Regulation

Social Referencing

Developmental Issues in Toddlerhood

The Emerging Sense of Self

Development of Autonomy

The Roots of Moral Development: Socialisation and Internalisation

Contact with Other Children

Siblings

Sociability with Nonsiblings

Children of Working Parents

Effects of Maternal Employment

Early Child Care

Maltreatment: Child Abuse and Neglect

Maltreatment: Facts and Figures

Contributing Factors: An Ecological View

Helping Families in Trouble

Long-Term Effects of Maltreatment

CHAPTER 7 Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

Aspects of Physical Development

Bodily Growth and Change

Sleep Patterns and Problems

Brain Development

Motor Skills

Health and Safety

Preventing Obesity

Undernutrition

Deaths and Accidental Injuries

Health in Context: Environmental Influences

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

Piagetian Approach: the Preoperational Child

Advances of Preoperational Thought

Immature Aspects of Preoperational Thought

Do Young Children Have Theories of Mind?

Information-Processing Approach: Memory Development

Basic Processes and Capacities

Recognition and Recall

Forming and Retaining Childhood Memories

Intelligence: Psychometric and Vygotskian Approaches

Traditional Psychometric Measures

Influences on Measured Intelligence

Testing and Teaching Based on Vygotsky's Theory

Language Development

Vocabulary

Grammar and Syntax

Pragmatics and Social Speech

Private Speech

Delayed Language Development

Preparation for Literacy

Early Childhood Education

Goals and Types of Preschools

Compensatory Preschool Programs

The Child in Kindergarten

CHAPTER 8 Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood

The Developing Self

The Self-Concept and Cognitive Development

Self-Esteem

Understanding and Regulating Emotions

Erikson: Initiative versus Guilt

Gender

Gender Differences

Perspectives on Gender Development

Play: The Business of Early Childhood

Cognitive Levels of Play

The Social Dimension of Play

How Gender Influences Play

How Culture Influences Play

Parenting

Forms of Discipline

Parenting Styles

Special Behavioral Concerns

Relationships with Other Children

Sibling Relationships

The Only Child

Playmates and Friends

CHAPTER 9 Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

Aspects of Physical Development

Height and Weight

Nutrition and Sleep

Brain Development

Motor Development and Physical Play

Health, Fitness, and Safety

Obesity and Body Image

Other Medical Conditions

Accidental Injuries

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

Piagetian Approach: The Concrete Operational Child

Cognitive Advances

Influences of Neurological Development, Culture, and Schooling

Moral Reasoning

Information-Processing Approach: Planning, Attention, and Memory

How Do Executive Skills Develop?

Selective Attention

Working Memory Span

Metamemory: Understanding Memory

Mnemonics: Strategies for Remembering

Information Processing and Piagetian Tasks

Psychometric Approach: Assessment of Intelligence

The IQ Controversy

Influences on Intelligence

Is There More Than One Intelligence?

Other Directions in Intelligence Testing

Language

Vocabulary, Grammar, and Syntax

Pragmatics: Knowledge about Communication

Second-Language Learning

The Child In School

Entering First Grade

Becoming Literate

Influences on School Achievement

Educating Children with Special Needs

Children with Learning Problems

Gifted Children

CHAPTER 10 Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood

The Developing Self

Self-Concept Development: Representational Systems

Self-Esteem

Emotional Growth and Prosocial Behavior

The Child in the Family

Family Atmosphere

Family Structure

Sibling Relationships

The Child in the Peer Group

Positive and Negative Effects of Peer Relations

Popularity

Friendship

Aggression and Bullying

Mental Health

Common Emotional Disturbances

Treatment Techniques

Stress and Resilience

CHAPTER 11 Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Adolescence: A Developmental Transition

Adolescence as a Social Construction

Adolescence: A Time of Opportunities and Risks

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

Puberty

How Puberty Begins: Hormonal Changes

Timing, Signs, and Sequence of Puberty and

Sexual Maturity

The Adolescent Brain

Physical and Mental Health

Physical Activity

Sleep Needs and Problems

Nutrition and Eating Disorders

Use and Abuse of Drugs

Depression

Death in Adolescence

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

Aspects of Cognitive Maturation

Piaget's Stage of Formal Operations

Changes in Information Processing

Language Development

Moral Reasoning: Kohlberg's Theory

An Ethic of Care: Gilligan's Theory

Prosocial Behavior and Volunteer Activity

Educational and Vocational Issues

Influences on School Achievement

Dropping Out of High School

Preparing for Higher Educational or Vocations

CHAPTER 12 Psychosocial Development in Adolescence

The Search for Identity

Erikson: Identity versus Identity Confusion

Marcia: Identity Status—Crisis and Commitment

Gender Differences in Identity Formation

Ethnic Factors in Identity Formation

Sexuality

Sexual Orientation and Identity

Sexual Behavior

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

Teenage Pregnancy and Childbearing

Relationships with Family, Peers, and Adult Society

Is Adolescent Rebellion a Myth?

Changing Time Use and Changing Relationships

Adolescents and Parents

Adolescents and Siblings

Adolescents and Peers

Antisocial Behavior and Juvenile Delinquency

Becoming a Delinquent: Genetic and

Neurological Factors

Becoming a Delinquent: How Family, Peer, and

Community Influences Interact

Long-Term Prospects

Preventing and Treating Delinquency

CHAPTER 13 Physical and Cognitive Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood

Emerging Adulthood

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

Health and Fitness

Health Status and Health Issues

Genetic Influences on Health

Behavioral Influences on Health and Fitness

Indirect Influences on Health and Fitness

Mental Health Problems

Sexual and Reproductive Issues

Sexual Behavior and Attitudes

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

Menstrual Disorders

Infertility

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

Perspectives on Adult Cognition

Beyond Piaget: New Ways of Thinking in Adulthood

Schaie: A Life-Span Model of Cognitive

Development

Sternberg: Insight and Know-How

Emotional Intelligence

Moral Reasoning

Culture and Moral Reasoning

Gender and Moral Reasoning

Education and Work

The College Transition

Entering the World of Work

CHAPTER 14 Psychosocial Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood

Emerging Adulthood: Patterns and Tasks

Varied Paths to Adulthood

Identity Development in Emerging Adulthood

Developing Adult Relationships with Parents

Personality Development: Four Views

Normative-Stage Models

Timing-of-Events Model

Trait Models: Costa and McCrae's Five Factors

Typological Models

Foundations of Intimate Relationships

Friendship

Love

Marital and Nonmarital Lifestyles

Single Life

Gay and Lesbian Relationships

Cohabitation

Marriage

Parenthood

Parenthood as a Developmental Experience

How Dual-Income Families Cope

When Marriage Ends

Divorce

Remarriage and Stepparenthood

CHAPTER 15 Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Middle Age: A Social Construct

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

Physical Changes

Sensory and Psychomotor Functioning

Structural and Systemic Changes

Sexuality and Reproductive Functioning

Physical and Mental Health

Health Trends at Midlife

Behavioral Influences on Health

Socioeconomic Status and Health

Race/Ethnicity and Health

Gender and Health

Stress in Middle Age

Emotions and Health

Mental Health

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

Measuring Cognitive Abilities in Middle Age

Schaie: The Seattle Longitudinal Study

Horn and Cattell: Fluid and Crystallised Intelligence

The Distinctiveness of Adult Cognition

The Role of Expertise

Integrative Thought

Creativity

Characteristics of Creative Achievers

Creativity and Age

Work and Education

Work versus Early Retirement

Work and Cognitive Development

The Mature Learner

CHAPTER 16 Psychosocial Development in Middle Adulthood

Looking at the Life Course in Middle Age

Change at Midlife: Theoretical Approaches

Trait Models

Normative-Stage Models

Timing of Events: The Social Clock

The Self at Midlife: Issues and Themes

Is There a Midlife Crisis?

Identity Development

Psychological Well-Being and Positive Mental Health

Relationships at Midlife

Theories of Social Contact

Relationships, Gender, and Quality of Life

Consensual Relationships

Marriage

Cohabitation

Divorce

Marital Status, Well-Being, and Health

Gay and Lesbian Relationships

Friendships

Relationships with Maturing Children

Adolescent Children: Issues for Parents

When Children Leave: The Empty Nest

Parenting Grown Children

Prolonged Parenting: The “Cluttered Nest”

Other Kinship Ties

Relationships with Aging Parents

Relationships with Siblings

Grandparenthood

CHAPTER 17 Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Old Age Today

The Graying of the Population

Young Old to Oldest Old

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

Longevity and Aging

Trends and Factors in Life Expectancy

Why People Age

How Far Can the Life Span Be Extended?

Physical Changes

Organic and Systemic Changes

The Aging Brain

Sensory and Psychomotor Functioning

Sleep

Sexual Functioning

Physical and Mental Health

Health Status

Chronic Conditions and Disabilities

Lifestyle Influences on Health and Longevity

Mental and Behavioral Problems

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT

Aspects of Cognitive Development

Intelligence and Processing Abilities

Memory: How Does It Change?

Wisdom

CHAPTER 18 Psychosocial Development in Late Adulthood

Theory and Research on Personality Development

Erik Erikson: Normative Issues and Tasks

The Five-Factor Model: Personality Traits in Old Age

Well-Being in Late Adulthood

Coping and Mental Health

Models of “Successful,” or “Optimal”,“Aging”

Practical and Social Issues Related to Aging

Work and Retirement

How Do Older Adults Fare Financially?

Living Arrangements

Personal Relationships in Late Life

Theories of Social Contact and Social Support

The Importance of Social Relationships

The Multigenerational Family

Marital Relationships

Long-Term Marriage

Widowhood

Divorce and Remarriage

Nonmarital Lifestyles and Relationships

Single Life

Cohabitation

Gay and Lesbian Relationships

Friendships

Nonmarital Kinship Ties

Relationships with Adult Children

Relationships with Siblings

Becoming Great-Grandparents

CHAPTER 19 Dealing with Death and Bereavement

The Many, Changing Meanings of Death and Dying

The Cultural Context

The Mortality Revolution

Care of the Dying

Facing Death and Loss

Physical and Cognitive Changes Preceding Death

Confronting One&'s Own Death

Patterns of Grieving

Attitudes about Death and Dying across the Life Span

Significant Losses

Surviving a Spouse

Losing a Parent in Adulthood

Losing a Child

Mourning a Miscarriage

Medical, Legal, and Ethical Issues: The 'Right to Die”

Suicide

Hastening Death

Finding Meaning and Purpose in Life and Death

Reviewing a Life

Development: A Lifelong Process

What is included with this book?

The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

Rent More, Save More! Use code: ECRENTAL

Rent More, Save More! Use code: ECRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

Summary

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1 The Study of Human Development

Human Development: An Ever-Evolving Field

Studying the Life Span

Human Development Today

The Study of Human Development: Basic Concepts

Domains of Development

Periods of the Life Span

Influences on Development

Heredity, Environment, and Maturation

Contexts of Development

Normative and Nonnormative Influences

Timing of Influences: Critical or Sensitive Periods

Paul B. Baltes's Life-Span Developmental Approach

CHAPTER 2 Theory and Research

Basic Theoretical Issues

Issue 1: Is Development Active or Reactive?

Issue 2: Is Development Continuous or Discontinuous?

Theoretical Perspectives

Perspective 1: Psychoanalytic

Perspective 2: Learning

Perspective 3: Cognitive

Perspective 4: Contextual

Perspective 5: Evolutionary/Sociobiological

A Shifting Balance

Research Methods

Sampling

Forms of Data Collection

Basic Research Designs

Developmental Research Designs

CHAPTER 3 Forming a New Life

Conceiving New Life

How Fertilization Takes Place

What Causes Multiple Births?

Mechanisms of Heredity

The Genetic Code

What Determines Sex?

Patterns of Genetic Transmission

Genetic and Chromosomal Abnormalities

Genetic Counseling and Testing

Nature and Nurture: Influences of Heredity and Environment

Studying Heredity and Environment

How Heredity and Environment Work Together

Some Characteristics Influenced by Heredity and Environment Prenatal Development

Stages of Prenatal Development

Environmental Influences: Maternal Factors

Environmental Influences: Paternal Factors

Monitoring and Promoting Prenatal Development

Disparities in Prenatal Care

The Need for Preconception Care

CHAPTER 4 Birth and Physical Development during the First Three Years

Childbirth and Culture: How Birthing Has Changed

The Birth Process

Stages of Childbirth

Electronic Fetal Monitoring

Vaginal versus Cesarean Delivery

Medicated versus Nonmedicated Delivery

The Newborn Baby

Size and Appearance

Body Systems

Medical and Behavioral Assessment

States of Arousal

Complications of Childbirth

Low Birth Weight

Postmaturity

Stillbirth

Can a Supportive Environment Overcome Effects of

Birth Complications?

Survival and Health

Death during Infancy

Immunization for Better Health

Early Physical Development

Principles of Development

Patterns of Growth

Nutrition