Experimental Glycoscience

by Taniguchi, Naoyuki; Suzuki, Akemi; Ito, Yukishige; Narimatsu, Hisashi; Kawasaki, Toshisuke

• ISBN13: 9784431779216
• ISBN10: 4431779213
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-08-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

"The aim of this book is to provide experimental protocols covering many aspects of glycobiology, glycotechnology, and chemistry: biochemistry, molecular and cellular biology, genetics, physiology, and medicine. The protocols are all self-contained descriptions of the equipment and reagents needed, followed by details of the experimental procedure." "In the post-genomic era, glycobiology is coming of age because more than half of proteins are glycosylated and the importance of sugar chains in various fields of life science research cannot be disregarded. Many scientists had not entered this area because glycobiology and glycoscience used to be considered difficult fields. This book, therefore, is presented much like a cookbook which can help scientists in fields other than glycobiology and glycoscience carry out research more easily."--BOOK JACKET.

Table of Contents

Glycosyltransferase Genes
Glycosyltransferases
Convenient Synthesis of Glycan-Related Oligosaccharides and Their Transformation into Neoglycoconjugates Using Enzymatic Methods	p. 5
Comparison of Glycosyltransferase Families Using the Profile Hidden Markov Model	p. 9
N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases Involved in N-Glycan Biosynthesis	p. 13
UDP-N-Acetyl-D-Galactosamine:polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (ppGaNTases, pp-GalNAc-Ts, EC 2.4.1.41)	p. 16
Glycosyltransferase Family with [beta]4GT Motif ([beta]4Gal-T and [beta]4GalNAc-T Family)	p. 19
[beta]1,3-glycosyltransferase Gene Family and IGnT Gene Family	p. 24
O-Mannosyltransferase and POMGnT1	p. 30
Glycosyltransferases Involved in O-fucose Glycan Synthesis	p. 33
Fucosyltransferase ([alpha]1,2/ [alpha]1,3/ [alpha]1,4-fucosyltransferases)	p. 36
FUT8 Assay	p. 39
Sialyltransferases	p. 42
Glucuronyltransferases Involved in the HNK-1 Biosynthesis	p. 47
[alpha]1,4-Linkage Glycosyltransferases	p. 50
Glycosyltransferases Involved in the Biosynthesis of Glycolipids	p. 53
Sialyltransferases and Other Enzymes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Gangliosides	p. 56
Heparan Sulfate Synthases and Related Genes	p. 59
Chondroitin Sulfate Biosynthesis and Related Genes	p. 64
Biosynthesis of Keratan Sulfate	p. 67
Hyaluronan Synthase Assay	p. 70
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Protein Biosynthesis and Related Genes in Mammalian Cells	p. 72
Cloning of Genes for N-linked Oligosaccharide Synthesis in Endoplasmic Reticulum	p. 76
Sugar-Modified Enzymes
N-acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferases	p. 83
Sulfotransferases Involved in Sulfation of Glycosaminoglycans	p. 87
Sulfatide Synthase	p. 94
CMP-N-acetylneuraminic Acid Hydroxylase	p. 97
Transporters
Nucleotide Sugar Transporter Genes and Their Functional Analysis	p. 103
Glycosidases
Processing Enzymes Involved in N-glycan Biosynthesis and Related Genes: the Golgi N-glycan Processing [alpha]-mannosidase II and [alpha]-mannosidase IIx	p. 111
Sialidase Genes	p. 115
Release of Sugar Chains from Glycosphingolipids	p. 119
Heparan Sulfate Endosulfatase Assay	p. 123
Sphingolipid Activator Proteins	p. 125
Animal Lectins
Affinity Purification of Recombinant Galectins	p. 133
Siglec Family	p. 136
Functional Analyses of Sugar Chains
Immunology
NKT Cells and Their Recognition of Glycolipids	p. 145
Carbohydrate Ligands for Selectins in Immune Cell Trafficking	p. 148
Carbohydrate Recognition by Cytokines and Its Relevance to Their Physiological Activities	p. 154
Detection of Mouse MGL1/CD301a by a Specific Monoclonal Antibody	p. 158
Roles of Serum Lectins in Host Defense	p. 162
Siglec-2 Is a Key Molecule for Immune Response	p. 167
Galectin and Immune System: Toward Clinical Applications	p. 171
Brains and Nerves
Novel Glycolipids in Developing Brain: Determination by Nano-LC/MS/MS	p. 177
Functional Roles of the HNK-1 Carbohydrate and Polysialic Acid in the Nervous System	p. 180
Neuronal Function of Sulfatide	p. 182
Accumulation of Alzheimer [beta]-amyloid via Ganglioside Clusters	p. 185
Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans and Neuronal Network Formation	p. 188
Processing of Glycosyltransferases by Alzheimer's [beta]-secretase (BACE1)	p. 192
Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans: A Key Substance for Central Nervous System Injury Repair	p. 195
Quality Control of Proteins
A Cytoplasmic Peptide: N-Glycanase and ER-Associated Degradation	p. 201
Ubiquitination of Glycoproteins in the Cytosol	p. 204
Degradation of Misfolded Glycoproteins in the Endoplasmic Reticulum	p. 207
Golgi and Lysosomal Diseases
Retrograde Transport of Glycolipid-Bound Toxins	p. 213
Degradation of Hyaluronan and Its Disorder	p. 216
Recent Advances in Enzyme Replacement Therapy for Lysosomal Diseases	p. 219
Infections
Developing an Assay System for the Hemagglutinin Mutations Responsible for the Binding of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Viruses to Human-Type Receptors	p. 225
Helicobacter pylori Growth Assay for Glycans	p. 227
Binding Properties of Clostridium botulinum Type C Progenitor Toxin	p. 230
Cancer
Fucosylation and Cancer	p. 235
Biological Significance of Mucins Produced by Epithelial Cancer Cells	p. 238
Regulation of Glycosyltransferases for O-Glycan Core Structure in Cancer and Their Relations to Metastasis	p. 243
Roles of Carbohydrate-Mediated Cell Adhesion in Cancer Progression	p. 246
Conditional Transgenic Mouse of Hyaluronan Synthase: A Potential Model of Advanced Breast Cancer	p. 252
Regeneration Medicine and Transplantation
Proteoglycans in Tissue Regeneration	p. 257
Stem Cell Glycobiology	p. 262
Human Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells Are Defined by Carbohydrate Markers	p. 265
Glycoantigens in Xenotransplantation	p. 267
Fertilization
Glycoconjugates in Spermatogenesis	p. 275
Recognition Mechanism of Egg and Sperm Based on Sugar Chains	p. 278
Development, Differentiation, and Morphogenesis
Functional Analysis of Sugar Chains Using a Genome-Wide RNAi System in Drosophila	p. 285
Functional Glycomics at the Level of Single Cells: Studying Roles of Sugars in Cell Division, Differentiation, and Morphogenesis with 4D Microscopy	p. 290
Studies on Functions of Notch O-Fucosylation in Drosophila	p. 295
Membrane Microdomain as a Platform of Carbohydrate-Mediated Interactions During Early Development of Medaka Fish	p. 299
Functions of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Morphogenesis	p. 303
Fukutin and Fukuyama Congenital Muscular Dystrophy	p. 309
Muscle Dystrophy and Carbohydrate Disorders of Glycosylation
Congenital Muscular Dystrophies Due to the Glycosylation Defect	p. 315
Molecular Diagnosis of Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation	p. 319
Research in Japan Has Contributed to the Understanding of GPI Anchor Deficiency	p. 323
Lifestyle-Related Diseases
Aberrant Expression of Sialidase in Cancer and Diabetes	p. 329
Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes as Microdomain Disease: Implication of Ganglioside GM3	p. 333
IgA Nephropathy
Incompleteness of O-glycans at the Hinge Region of IgA1 and IgA Nephropathy	p. 339
[beta]4-Galactosyltransferase Deficiency and IgA Nephropathy	p. 343
Glycosyltransferases Involved in the Biosynthesis of IgA O-Glycans	p. 346
Growth Factor Receptors
Importance of Sugar Chains in the Function of Growth Factor Receptors	p. 349
Analysis of N-glycan of Growth Factor Receptors	p. 351
The Midkine Family and Its Receptors	p. 355
V-glycans Regulate Integrin [alpha]5[beta]1 Functions	p. 358
Blood Groups and Blood Cells
Blood Group Antigens: Blood Group Carbohydrate Antigens	p. 363
Bombay, Lewis and Ii Blood Group Antigens on Human Erythrocytes	p. 366
Blood Cells in Glycobiology	p. 369
Glycosyltransferase Gene KO Mice
Glycosyltransferase Gene KO Mice
Fucosyltransferase-9 Knockout Mouse	p. 377
Knockout Mice of [alpha]1,6 Fucosyltransferase (Fut 8)	p. 379
Glucuronyltransferase (GlcAT-P) Gene-Deficient Mice	p. 381
KO Mice of [beta]1,4-galactosyltransferase-I	p. 383
Sulfotransferases	p. 386
KO Mice of Cerebroside Sulfotransferase	p. 389
KO Mice of [beta]1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GM2/GD2 Synthase)	p. 391
KO Mice of [alpha]-2,8-sialyltransferase (GD3 Synthase)	p. 394
Double KO Mice of [beta]1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GM2/GD2 Synthase) and [alpha]-2,8-sialyltransferase (GD3 Synthase)	p. 396
Infrastructures and Research Resources
Glycosyltransferases and Related Genes, and Useful Cell Lines
Cell Lines for Glycobiology	p. 403
Sugar Chain-Related Genes: Glycosyltransferases Expression System	p. 407
Sugar Library
GALAXY Database and Pyridylaminated Oligosaccharide Library	p. 413
Mass Production of Sugar Intermediates for the Synthesis of Functional Oligosaccharides	p. 417
Database
A Database System for Glycogenes (GGDB)	p. 423
CabosDB: Carbohydrate Sequencing Database	p. 426
GlycoEpitope: A Database of Carbohydrate Epitopes and Antibodies	p. 429
A Novel Lectin-Affinity Database for Structural Glycomics	p. 432
Glycocon, jugate Data Bank	p. 435
KEGG GLYCAN for Integrated Analysis of Pathways, Genes, and Structures	p. 441
Microarray
DNA Microarray in Glycobiology	p. 447
Lectin Microarray	p. 451
Carbohydrate Microarray for Deciphering the Information Embedded in Oligosaccharide Structures	p. 455
Glossary	p. 459
Index	p. 491
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