Exploitation and Developing Countries

by Hawkins, Jennifer S.; Emanuel, Ezekiel J., Ph.D.

• ISBN13: 9780691126760
• ISBN10: 0691126763
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-08-04
• Publisher: Princeton Univ Pr

Summary

When is clinical research in developing countries exploitation? Exploitation is a concept in ordinary moral thought that has not often been analyzed outside the Marxist tradition. Yet it is commonly used to describe interactions that seem morally suspect in some way. A case in point is clinical research sponsored by developed countries and carried out in developing countries, with participants who are poor and sick, and lack education. Such individuals seem vulnerable to abuse. But does this, by itself, make such research exploitative?Exploitation and Developing Countriesis an attempt by philosophers and bioethicists to reflect on the meaning of exploitation, to ask whether and when clinical research in developing countries counts as exploitative, and to consider what can be done to minimize the possibility of exploitation in such circumstances. These reflections should interest clinical researchers, since locating the line between appropriate and inappropriate use of subjects--the line between exploitation and fair use--is the central question at the heart of research ethics. Reflection on this rich and important moral concept should also interest normative moral philosophers of a non-Marxist bent.In addition to the editors, the contributors are Richard J. Arneson, Alisa L. Carse, Margaret Olivia Little, Thomas Pogge, Andrew W. Siegel, and Alan Wertheimer.

Author Biography

Jennifer S. Hawkins is assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto. Ezekiel J. Emanuel is chairman of the Department of Bioethics at the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health.

Table of Contents

Introduction: Why Exploitation?	p. 1
Research Ethics, Developing Countries, and Exploitation: A Primer	p. 21
Case Studies: The Havrix Trial and the Surfaxin Trial	p. 55
Exploitation in Clinical Research	p. 63
Testing Our Drugs on the Poor Abroad	p. 105
Broadly Utilitarian Theories of Exploitation and Multinational Clinical Research	p. 142
Kantian Ethics, Exploitation, and Multinational Clinical Trials	p. 175
Exploitation and the Enterprise of Medical Research	p. 206
Exploitation and Placebo Controls	p. 246
Addressing Exploitation: Reasonable Availability versus Fair Benefits	p. 286 Index
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