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Preface | p. xi |
Beginning to See: A Sociological Core | p. 1 |
The Making of Modernity and the Modern Way of Knowing | p. 2 |
Institutions of Modernity | p. 4 |
The Birth of Sociology: August Comte | p. 5 |
Comte's Positivism | p. 7 |
The Evolution of Knowledge | p. 10 |
Theory | p. 12 |
Advantages and Goals of Positivism | p. 13 |
Seeing Society | p. 15 |
Sociological Methods | p. 16 |
Practicing Theory-A Summary | p. 18 |
Building Your Theory Toolbox | p. 22 |
Seeing Society for the First Time: Herbert Spencer | p. 23 |
Theorist's Digest | p. 24 |
The Sociological Imagination of Herbert Spencer | p. 25 |
Spencer's Life | p. 25 |
Spencer's Social World | p. 27 |
Spencer's Sociological Imagination: Functionalism | p. 30 |
Concepts and Theory: Social Evolution | p. 31 |
The Social System | p. 32 |
System Needs | p. 33 |
Differentiation and Specialization | p. 34 |
Types of Society | p. 36 |
Regulatory Complexity | p. 37 |
Industrial and Militaristic | p. 38 |
Concepts and Theory: Social Institutions | p. 43 |
Domestic Institutions | p. 44 |
Ceremonial Institutions | p. 46 |
Ecclesiastical Institutions | p. 47 |
Thinking About Modernity and Postmodernity | p. 49 |
Defining Postmodernity | p. 49 |
Religion: A Postmodern Case in Point | p. 50 |
Summary | p. 52 |
Building Your Theory Toolbox | p. 53 |
Class Inequality: Karl Marx | p. 57 |
Theorist's Digest | p. 59 |
The Sociological Imagination of Karl Marx | p. 59 |
Marx's Life | p. 60 |
Marx's Social World | p. 63 |
Marx's Intellectual World | p. 64 |
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel | p. 65 |
Ludwig Andreas von Feuerbach | p. 70 |
Adam Smith | p. 70 |
Marx's Sociological Imagination: Critical Conflict Theory | p. 73 |
Human Nature | p. 74 |
History-The Material Dialectic | p. 77 |
Concepts and Theory: The Contradictions of Capitalism | p. 79 |
Value and Exploitation | p. 80 |
Industrialization, Markets, and Commodification | p. 83 |
Concepts and Theory: Class Revolution | p. 86 |
Class and Class Structure | p. 87 |
Overproduction | p. 89 |
Concepts and Theory: The Problem of Consciousness | p. 89 |
Alienation, Private Property, and Commodity Fetish | p. 91 |
False Consciousness and Religion | p. 95 |
Class Consciousness | p. 99 |
Thinking About Modernity and Postmodernity | p. 103 |
Machines of Production and Consciousness | p. 103 |
Machines of Reproduction and Schizophrenic Culture | p. 104 |
Summary | p. 105 |
Building Your Theory Toolbox | p. 106 |
Diversity and Social Solidarity: Émile Durkheim | p. 109 |
Theorist's Digest | p. 110 |
The Sociological Imagination of Émile Durkheim | p. 111 |
Durkheim's Life | p. 111 |
Durkheim's Social World | p. 113 |
Durkheim's Intellectual World | p. 114 |
Montesquieu | p. 114 |
Jean-Jacques Rousseau | p. 117 |
Durkheim's Contribution to Functionalism | p. 120 |
Durkheim's Sociological Imagination: Cultural Sociology | p. 121 |
Concepts and Theory: Primal Society | p. 122 |
Defining Religion | p. 125 |
Creating a Sacred World | p. 127 |
Concepts and Theory: Social Diversity and Moral Consensus | p. 132 |
Mechanical and Organic Solidarity | p. 133 |
The Division of Labor | p. 137 |
The Problem With Modern Society | p. 138 |
Organic Solidarity and Social Pathology | p. 140 |
Concepts and Theory: Individualism | p. 144 |
Suicide | p. 144 |
The Cult of the Individual | p. 146 |
Thinking About Modernity and Postmodernity | p. 148 |
Grand Narratives, Doubt, and Civil Religion | p. 148 |
Summary | p. 151 |
Building Your Theory Toolbox | p. 153 |
Rationality and Organization: Max Weber | p. 157 |
Theorist's Digest | p. 159 |
The Sociological Imagination of Max Weber | p. 159 |
Weber's Life | p. 159 |
Weber's Social World | p. 163 |
Weber's Intellectual World | p. 168 |
The Problems of Values and Meaning | p. 169 |
Specific Methods: Ideal Types | p. 172 |
Specific Methods: Verstehen | p. 173 |
Weber's Sociological Imagination | p. 175 |
Concepts and Theory: The Process of Rationalization | p. 177 |
Types of Social Action | p. 178 |
Concepts and Theory: The Evolution of Religion | p. 181 |
From Magic to Religion | p. 181 |
From Polytheism to Ethical Monotheism | p. 184 |
Concepts and Theory: The Rise of Capitalism | p. 187 |
The Religious Culture of Capitalism | p. 187 |
Structural Influences on Capitalism | p. 191 |
Concepts and Theory: Class, Authority, and Social Change | p. 193 |
Class | p. 193 |
Status and Party | p. 196 |
Crosscutting Stratification | p. 198 |
Authority and Social Change | p. 199 |
Concepts and Theory: Rational-Legal Organization | p. 202 |
Ideal-Type Bureaucracies | p. 204 |
Effects of Bureaucratic Organization | p. 205 |
Thinking About Modernity and Postmodernity | p. 207 |
Summary | p. 210 |
Building Your Theory Toolbox | p. 212 |
Introduction: Another Sociological Core | p. 215 |
The Modern Person: George Herbert Mead and Georg Simmel | p. 219 |
George Herbert Mead-Symbolic Interaction | p. 221 |
Theorist's Digest | p. 223 |
Concepts and Theory: Truth, Meaning, and Action | p. 224 |
Pragmatic Truth | p. 224 |
Human Action | p. 225 |
Concepts and Theory: Meaning and Interaction | p. 226 |
Symbolic Interaction | p. 229 |
Concepts and Theory: Making Yourself | p. 229 |
The Mind | p. 231 |
Stages of Role Taking | p. 232 |
Self and Society | p. 234 |
The I and the Me | p. 235 |
Summary | p. 235 |
Georg Simmel-Formal Sociology | p. 237 |
Theorist's Digest | p. 239 |
Concepts and Theory: The Individual in Society | p. 239 |
Subjective and Objective Cultures | p. 241 |
Concepts and Theory: The Self in the City | p. 243 |
The Division of Labor | p. 244 |
Money and Markets | p. 245 |
Social Networks: Rational Versus Organic Group Membership | p. 248 |
Summary | p. 251 |
Thinking About Modernity and Postmodernity | p. 254 |
Simulacrum and Hyperreality | p. 255 |
Reflexivity and the Fragmenting of the Self | p. 257 |
Fusing the I and the Me | p. 258 |
Building Your Theory Toolbox | p. 260 |
Seeing Gender: Harriett Martineau and Charlotte Perkins Gilman | p. 263 |
Waves of Feminism | p. 264 |
Harriet Martineau-Gender and Democracy | p. 267 |
Theorist's Digest | p. 268 |
Concepts and Theory: Observing Society | p. 268 |
Morals and Manners | p. 269 |
Preparing the Observer | p. 271 |
Safeguarding Observations | p. 272 |
Concepts and Theory: Gender and Democracy | p. 273 |
Gender and Family | p. 273 |
The Cultural Logic of Gender | p. 274 |
Workforce Participation | p. 275 |
Concepts and Theory: Religion, Education, and Democracy | p. 277 |
Religious Forms | p. 277 |
Religious Forms and Democracy | p. 278 |
Conditions of Religion | p. 278 |
Education and Freedom | p. 279 |
Summary | p. 281 |
Charlotte Perkins Gilman-The Evolution of Gender | p. 282 |
Theorist's Digest | p. 283 |
Concepts and Theory: Critical Evolution Theory | p. 284 |
Functional Evolution | p. 284 |
Adding Marx | p. 285 |
Gynaecocentric Theory | p. 286 |
Concepts and Theory: Dynamics of Social Evolution | p. 287 |
Morbid Excess in Sex Distinction | p. 289 |
Sexuo-Economic Effects | p. 291 |
Summary | p. 294 |
Building Your Theory Toolbox | p. 295 |
Seeing Race: Frederick Douglass and W. E. B. Du Bois | p. 299 |
Race Literature | p. 300 |
Frederick Douglass-The American Discourse of Race | p. 301 |
Theorist's Digest | p. 303 |
Concepts and Theory: The Discourse of Slavery | p. 304 |
Race as Other | p. 306 |
Democracy and Universalism | p. 307 |
Summary | p. 309 |
W. E. B. Du Bois-The Culture of Race | p. 310 |
Theorist's Digest | p. 312 |
Concepts and Theory: The Experience of Oppression and Critical Knowledge | p. 312 |
Standpoint of the Oppressed | p. 313 |
Concepts and Theory: Cultural Oppression | p. 315 |
Exclusion From History | p. 315 |
Representation | p. 316 |
Stereotypes and Slippery Slopes | p. 317 |
Double Consciousness | p. 318 |
Concepts and Theory: The Dark Nations and World Capitalism | p. 319 |
The Need for Color | p. 320 |
Summary | p. 321 |
Gender and Race: Thinking About Modernity and Postmodernity | p. 322 |
Modernity and Identity | p. 322 |
The Postmodern Twist | p. 323 |
Building Your Theory Toolbox | p. 325 |
Seeing Ahead: Defining Moments in Twentieth Century Theory: Talcott Parsons and the Frankfurt School | p. 329 |
Talcott Parsons: Defining Sociology | p. 330 |
Parsons's Vision for the Social Sciences | p. 330 |
Parsons's Theoretical Project | p. 331 |
Parsons and the Problem of Social Order | p. 333 |
Voluntaristic Action | p. 334 |
Patterning Voluntaristic Action | p. 334 |
The Frankfurt School: The Problem With Sociology | p. 336 |
Historical Roots | p. 337 |
The Problem With Positivism: Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno | p. 337 |
Building Your Theory Toolbox | p. 340 |
References | p. 341 |
Photo Credits | p. 351 |
Index | p. 353 |
About the Author | p. 379 |
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