Exploring Data Tables, Trends, and Shapes

by Hoaglin, David C.; Mosteller, Frederick; Tukey, John W.

• ISBN13: 9780470040058
• ISBN10: 047004005X
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-03-10
• Publisher: Wiley-Interscience

Summary

WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PAPERBACK SERIESThe Wiley-Interscience Paperback Series consists of selected books that have been made more accessible to consumers in an effort to increase global appeal and general circulation. With these new unabridged softcover volumes, Wiley hopes to extend the lives of these works by making them available to future generations of statisticians, mathematicians, and scientists."Exploring Data Tables, Trends, and Shapes (EDTTS) was written as a companion volume to the same editors' book, Understanding Robust and Exploratory Data Analysis (UREDA). Whereas UREDA is a collection of exploratory and resistant methods of estimation and display, EDTTS goes a step further, describing multivariate and more complicated techniques . . . I feel that the authors have made a very significant contribution in the area of multivariate nonparametric methods. This book [is] a valuable source of reference to researchers in the area." -Technometrics"This edited volume . . . provides an important theoretical and philosophical extension to the currently popular statistical area of Exploratory Data Analysis, which seeks to reveal structure, or simple descriptions, in data . . . It is . . . an important reference volume which any statistical library should consider seriously." -The StatisticianThis newly available and affordably priced paperback version of Exploring Data Tables, Trends, and Shapes presents major advances in exploratory data analysis and robust regression methods and explains the techniques, relating them to classical methods. The book addresses the role of exploratory and robust techniques in the overall data-analytic enterprise, and it also presents new methods such as fitting by organized comparisons using the square combining table and identifying extreme cells in a sizable contingency table with probabilistic and exploratory approaches. The book features a chapter on using robust regression in less technical language than available elsewhere. Conceptual support for each technique is also provided.

Author Biography

DAVID C. HOAGLIN, PhD, is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association.

FREDERICK MOSTELLER, PhD, has been the recipient of several honorary degrees and is a former President of the American Statistical Association.

JOHN W. TUKEY, PhD, has received the National Medal of Science as well as several honorary degrees.

Table of Contents

Theories of Data Analysis: From Magical Thinking Through Classical Statistics	1	(36)
Persi Diaconis
Intuitive Statistics---Some Inferential Problems	4	(5)
Multiplicity---A Pervasive Problem	9	(3)
Some Remedies	12	(10)
Theories for Data Analysis	22	(7)
Uses for Mathematics	29	(2)
In Defense of Controlled Magical Thinking	31	(6)
Fitting by Organized Comparisons: The Square Combining Table	37	(30)
Katherine Godfrey
Combining Comparisons	37	(2)
Two-Way Tables	39	(8)
Paired Comparisons	47	(2)
Analyzing Tables Containing Holes	49	(12)
Summary	61	(6)
Exercises	62	(5)
Resistant Nonadditive Fits for Two-Way Tables	67	(58)
John D. Emerson
George Y. Wong
The Simple Additive Model and Median Polish	68	(3)
One Step Beyond an Additive Fit	71	(8)
Assessing and Comparing Fits	79	(4)
Multiplicative Fits	83	(9)
Techniques for Obtaining Simple Multiplicative Fits	92	(8)
Additive-Plus-Multiplicative Fits	100	(13)
Some Background for Nonadditive Fits	113	(4)
Summary	117	(8)
Exercises	119	(6)
Three-Way Analyses	125	(64)
Nancy Romanowicz Cook
Structure of the Three-Way Table	126	(2)
Decompositions and Models for Three-Way Analysis	128	(2)
Median-Polish Analysis for the Main-Effects-Only Case	130	(15)
Nonadditivity and a Diagnostic Plot in Main-Effects-Only Analysis	145	(13)
Analysis Using Means	158	(6)
Median-Polish Analysis for the Full-Effects Case	164	(12)
Diagnostic Plots for the Full-Effects Case	176	(4)
Fitting the Full-Effects Model by Means	180	(2)
Computation, Other Polishes, and Missing Values	182	(1)
Summary	183	(6)
Exercises	185	(4)
Identifying Extreme Cells in a Sizable Contingency Table: Probabilistic and Exploratory Approaches	189	(36)
Frederick Mosteller
Anita Parunak
The Hypergeometric Distribution	192	(3)
Assessing Outliers	195	(4)
The Simulation Approach	199	(7)
Applying the Simulation Approach to the Table of Archaeological Data	206	(6)
An Exploratory Approach, Based on Deviations from Independence	212	(2)
A Logarithmic Exploratory Approach	214	(3)
Illustrations of the New Standardization	217	(4)
Summary	221	(2)
Conclusion	223	(2)
Fitting Straight Lines by Eye	225	(16)
Frederick Mosteller
Andrew F. Siegel
Edward Trapido
Cleo Youtz
Method	226	(3)
Results	229	(9)
Summary	238	(3)
Resistant Multiple Regression, One Variable at a Time	241	(40)
John D. Emerson
David C. Hoaglin
Resistant Lines	242	(4)
Sweeping Out	246	(4)
Example	250	(13)
When Carriers Come in Blocks	263	(10)
Summary	273	(8)
Exercises	275	(6)
Robust Regression	281	(64)
Guoying Li
Why Robust Regression?	282	(9)
M-Estimators and W-Estimators for Regression	291	(13)
Computation	304	(6)
Example: The Stack Loss Data	310	(12)
Bounded-Influence Regression	322	(6)
Some Alternative Methods	328	(7)
Summary	335	(10)
Exercises	341	(4)
Checking the Shape of Discrete Distributions	345	(72)
David C. Hoaglin
John W. Tukey
A Poissonness Plot	348	(10)
Confidence Intervals for the Count Metameter	358	(12)
When Is a Point Discrepant?	370	(6)
Overall Plots for Other Families of Distributions	376	(13)
Frequency-Ratio Alternatives	389	(7)
Cooperative Diversity	396	(10)
Double-Root Residuals	406	(3)
Summary	409	(8)
Exercises	412	(5)
Using Quantiles to Study Shape	417	(44)
David C. Hoaglin
Diagnosing Skewness	419	(6)
Diagnosing Elongation	425	(7)
Quantile--Quantile Plots	432	(10)
Plots for Skewness and Elongation	442	(8)
Pushback Analysis	450	(4)
Summary	454	(2)
Appendix	456	(5)
Exercises	459	(2)
Summarizing Shape Numerically: The g-and-h Distributions	461	(54)
David C. Hoaglin
Skewness	462	(17)
Elongation	479	(6)
Combining Skewness and Elongation	485	(5)
More General Patterns of Skewness and Elongation	490	(6)
Working from Frequency Distributions	496	(5)
Moments	501	(3)
Other Approaches to Shape	504	(4)
Summary	508	(7)
Exercises	511	(4)
Index	515